Production and Characterization of Pulp from Banana Pseudo Stem for Paper Making via Soda Anthraquinone Pulping Process

2022 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Emiru Yidnekew Melesse ◽  
Tesfaye Kassaw Bedru ◽  
Beteley Tekola Meshesha
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Paper Making

The need for pulp and paper currently in the whole world has become shooting up massively. The generation of the pulp, as well as paper from woody materials, has a challenge due to deforestation, huge chemical and energy consumptions. Now, an alternative source for paper is lignocelluloses wastes, because of low cost, low energy, and chemical consumption. Among them, the banana pseudostem was best for the input of pulp and paper production. This investigation was on the production and characterization of pulp from Banana Pseudo Stem for Paper Making via Soda Anthraquinone pulping process. The amount of cellulose (41.45%), ash (12.4%), hemicellulose (23.37%), extractive (12.72%), and lignin (10.46%) contents were obtained at the initial compositional evaluation of the pseudostem. It has excellent fiber length (1.75mm), fiber diameter (22.15μm), an acceptable Runkle ratio (0.55), and flexibility coefficient (159.64). The effect of temperature (130,140 and 150 °C), cooking time (45, 60, and 75 minutes), the concentration of soda (10, 12.5, and 15%), were examined. The maximum pulp yield and kappa number was 36.7% and 22.8 respectively obtained at 10% of soda concentration, at 150 °C, and 63 minutes of cooking time from oven-dried raw material. The produced paper from the banana pseudostem has a tensile index, tearing index, smoothness, and porosity were 78.75 Nm/g, 19.1 mN.m2/g, 500-530μm, and 50 sec/100ml air respectively. This study indicates that high strength mechanical property and good surface properties paper can be produced from banana pseudostem pulp with a more environmentally friendly pulping process.

scholarly journals Potensi Penggunaan Dua Spesies Agave untuk Pembuatan Pulp dan Kertas

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (01) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Arini Hidayati Jamil ◽  
Heronimus Judi Tjahjono ◽  
Parnidi Parnidi ◽  
Marjani Marjani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Chemical Components ◽  
Pulp Yield ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Tensile Index ◽  
Tear Index ◽  
Agave Sisalana

Potential of Two Agave Species for Pulp and Paper MakingAbstractBoth of Agave sisalana and A. cantala are the most favorite agave species for fiber producer plant in Indonesia. Nevertheless, research study for using fiber of A. sisalana and A. cantala for pulp and paper purpose is hard to find. This study aims to observe the characteristics of A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers as a raw material of pulp including fiber morphology, chemical components, pulp characteristics, optical and physical properties of the handsheets. The observation of all characters was based on Indonesian National Standard (SNI). The pulping method used both of soda process with 18% active alkali and kraft process with 18% active alkali and 25% sulfidity. The result of the study for the handsheets from A. sisalana and A. cantala fibers shows that the brightness, dirt, and tear index were fulfilled to SNI standard for NBKP while the tensile index and burst index just fulfilled to SNI standard for LBKP. The handsheet of A. sisalana fiber has a higher tear index, tensile index, and burst index than the A. cantala ones. Soda pulping of both agave species resulting higher pulp yield, cellulose polymerization degrees and physical properties than kraft pulping.Keywords : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, characteristics of the fiber, pulp AbstrakAgave sisalana dan A. cantala merupakan dua spesies agave yang paling banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia sebagai tanaman penghasil serat alam. Namun penelitian mengenai fungsi serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp dan kertas masih sulit ditemukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala sebagai bahan baku pulp yang meliputi morfologi serat, komposisi komponen kimia, karakeristik pulp, sifat optik dan fisik lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan. Pengamatan seluruh karakter dilakukan berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia. Pemasakan menggunakan metode soda dengan alkali aktif 18% dan kraft dengan alkali aktif 18% dan sulfiditas 25%. Hasil pengamatan pada lembaran pulp yang dihasilkan dari serat A. sisalana dan A. cantala menunjukkan bahwa derajat cerah, noda, dan kekuatan sobek memenuhi Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Pulp Kraft Putih Kayujarum (NBKP) sementara kekuatan tarik dan kekuatan retak memenuhi SNI Pulp Krat Putih Kayudaun (LBKP). Lembaran pulp A. sisalana memiliki kekuatan sobek, tarik, dan retak lebih tinggi dibanding lembaran pulp A. cantala. Metode pemasakan soda pada serat kedua spesies agave tersebut menghasilkan rendemen pulp, derajat polimerisasi selulosa, dan kekuatan fisik lebih baik dibanding metode kraft.Kata kunci : Agave sisalana, A. cantala, karakteristik serat, pulp 

scholarly journals Production and characterization of sophorolipids by Candida bombicola using catfish fat

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Nguyen Luong Hieu Hoa ◽  
Le Quynh Loan ◽  
Vo Thanh Sang ◽  
Le Van Minh ◽  
Le Viet Dung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Candida Bombicola ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Seafood Processing ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Dose Dependent

Catfish fat is a high nutrition by-product of seafood processing industry. In this work, catfish fat has been used as a sustainable and economical raw material for sophorolipids production by Candida bombicola. Sophorolipids yield was maximum as 21.8g/L after 7 days of fermentation at 25oC, pH 6, 180 rpm. The obtained sophorolipids was to contained the main component as lactonic sophorolipids, which has been confirmed by Thin layer chromatography (TLC). Sophorolipids also exhibited the ability to resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and showed the ability of free radical scavenging the dose dependent manner with IC50 was 4.45 mg/ml. These results suggested that sophorolipids could be used in health care products and cosmetic. Catfish fat could be used as the low cost hydrophobic carbon source to replace fatty acid for sophorolipids production.

scholarly journals Synthesis and characterization of graphene layers from rice husks

2018 ◽  
pp. 12-18
Author(s):  
Makpal Seitzhanova ◽  
Dmitry Chenchik ◽  
Mukhtar Yeleuov ◽  
Zulkhair Mansurov ◽  
Roberto Di Capua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Graphene Layers ◽  
Naoh Solution

In this work, a method of obtaining graphene layers from natural source specifically from rice husk was developed. A rice husk (RH) was used as a raw material, and potassium hydroxide was used as activation agent. The graphene layers were obtained after four successive stages: pre-carbonization, desilication in 1M NaOH solution, chemical activation and exfoliation of the carbonized rice husk (CRH). The obtained samples were studied using Raman spectroscopy, TEM and SEM; the Raman peaks evidenced the presence of graphene multilayers in the sample. A detailed observation of Raman spectroscopy showed that the obtained samples with ratio of 1/4 and 1/5 (RH/KOH) consisted of graphene layers with a high content of amorphous component. The yield of the product was ~ 3% by weight. This study can provide a new way to the large-scale synthesis of low-cost single and multi-layered graphene using rice husk or other renewable resources.

Processing and Characterization of Porous Ti2AlC Using Space Holder Technique

2016 ◽  
Vol 704 ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Gonzalez-Julian ◽  
Martin Bram
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Max Phase ◽  
Space Holder ◽  
Porous Ti ◽  
Low Thermal Expansion ◽  
Final Microstructure ◽  
Ammonium Hydrogen ◽  
Oxidation And Corrosion

Ti2AlC is one of the most promising MAX phase materials due to its combination of properties at high temperatures (> 800 °C) such as high strength, good oxidation and corrosion resistances, low thermal expansion, readily machinable, high thermal conductivity and nonsusceptibility to thermal shock. Porous structures based on Ti2AlC are excellent candidates for diverse applications such as heat exchangers and filters, although more systematic studies are required to implement this material. In this work, porous Ti2AlC material was obtained using a low cost and eco-friendly process, the space holder technique. Commercial Ti2AlC powder was mixed with different contents (30, 50 and 70 vol.%) of ammonium hydrogen bicarbonate (NH4HCO3) as space holder. Afterwards, the obtained powder was uniaxially pressed, followed by elimination of space holder by a heat treatment at low temperature. Finally, porous Ti2AlC structures were consolidated at 1350 °C under argon atmosphere. Processing, final microstructure and pore characterization of the consolidated materials are described in detail.

Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan from Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) shell waste as raw material

2021 ◽  
pp. 2757-2762
Author(s):  
Thilagar Gobinath ◽  
Sasikumar Thamizhselvan ◽  
Arumugam Ramakrishnan ◽  
Samuthirapandian Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Plasma Recalcification Time

Chitosan is extracted from Perna viridis as the staring source via the cycle of chitin deacetylation, which is conducted at 90°C for 6 hours using 40% NaOH. Physiochemical properties such as yield (18%), ash content (0.626%), moisture content (2.9%), and solubility, degree of deacetylation (55), fat binding capability (209%) and water binding ability (254 %) revealed that P.viridis is an important alternative source of chitosan. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the characteristic peaks of OH at 3400cm-1 and amine at 1660cm-1, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggested two critical characteristic peaks at 18° and 34° at (2θ). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the surface morphology of isolated chitosan. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA) was also used to describe the thermal stability of P.viridis chitosan. The procoagulant capacity, plasma recalcification time assays and minimal bactericidal activity verified the hemocompatibility and antibacterial activity of the preparation of chitosan.

scholarly journals Pulp and paper production from oil palm empty fruit bunches: A current direction in Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Keyword(s):  
Oil Palm ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Paper Industry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Pulp And Paper ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Paper Production ◽  
Paper Making

The pulp and paper industry is advanced rapidly since there are many types of raw materials containing cellulose fibres that could be used to produce different kinds of paper by different methods in the mills. In Malaysia, one of the abundant non-wood materials for pulp and paper production is empty fruit bunch (EFB) from the oil palm. The EFB is the main fibrous residue and natural fibre which has promising potential as an alternative to replace woody materials. This study provides insight into the use of EFB as an alternative non-wood fibre resource in pulp and paper making. The potential of oil palm EFB transformed into valuable fibre material was elaborated. In this review, detailed information on the properties of EFB for pulp and paper making process to identify the chemical composition and fibre morphology were discussed. Recent advanced applications including nanocellulose from EFB, polymeric hydrogel, and antimicrobial papers were discussed to demonstrate high commercialization for pulp and paper technology. The three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has been employed due to the high complexity of paper products. The future trends and challenges regarding the use of EFB in pulp and paper making were also reviewed. This study demonstrated that the EFB has met the demand of the market chains as a potential raw material in paper making and manufacturing.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Kalalani vermiculite for production of high strength porcelain insulators

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blasius Ngayakamo ◽  
Eugene Park
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Bending Strength ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Dielectric Strength ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Porcelain Insulators

The present work has evaluated Kalalani vermiculite as a potential raw material for the production of high strength porcelain insulators. Three porcelain compositions were prepared to contain 0, 20 and 30 wt% of Kalalani vermiculite. Porcelain samples were fabricated using a semi-drying method. The chemical, mineralogical phases and microstructural characterization of the raw materials were carried out using XRF, XRD, and SEM techniques, respectively. Water absorption, bulk density, dielectric and bending strengths were performed on porcelain samples fired up to 1300?C. However, at the sintering temperature of 1250?C, the porcelain sample with 20 wt% of Kalalani vermiculite gave the dielectric strength of 61.3 kV/mm, bending strength of 30.54 MPa, bulk density of 2.21 g/cm3 and low water absorption value of 0.21 % which is the prerequisite properties for high strength porcelain insulators. It was therefore concluded that Kalalani vermiculite has the potential to be used for the production of high strength porcelain insulators

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF APPLICATION OF THE PHYTOSORBENT WITH NANOTUBES IN THE PROCESS OF ADSORPTIVE OIL PURIFICATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
L. Krichkovskaya ◽  
Essam Elnaggar ◽  
V. Dubonosov
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Water Solution ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Fractal Clusters ◽  
Technological Stage

In the present article importance of adsorptive purification of vegetable oils is shown as the most responsible technological stage. Insufficiency of scientific developments in the scope of domestic sorbents in Ukraine is pointed out. The phytosorbent with nanotubes from sunflower peel improving some quality parameters of non-refined sunflower and soybean oils to standard values for refined oils has been offered. Some literature data on the main characteristics of a number of sorption materials (carbonaceous, natural, fibrous, and sorbents obtained from agricultural waste - Corylus avellana Lambert nuts) as a result of heat treatment are analyzed. The main sorption properties are considered; dignity; limitations. The effect of temperature on the productivity of pyrolysis of plant raw materials and the properties of the resulting carbonizates in the temperature range 150-600 °C was investigated. The duration of exposure of materials at the final temperature of the process in all experiments was the same and amounted to 1 h. Analysis of the experimental data allows us to conclude that temperature is the main factor affecting the process of carbonization of the initial plant material. Regardless of the pyrolysis atmosphere, the yield of the product from plant raw materials decreases with a significant increase in temperature. At present, the main raw material for the industrial production of adsorbents is in many studies organic substances - wood, fossil coal, peat, remnants of the processing of agricultural raw materials due to their low cost and large amount. Solving the problem of creating sorbents based on plant raw materials with the inclusion of hydrated fullerenes in their composition solved the problem of creating sorbents and environmental problems, since the waste did not always find a useful application. Concentration of water solution of hydrated C60, fast C60FWS, є molecular-coloidal systems and spherical fractal clusters, structural unit of which is micro-hydrophilic, high-hydrophilic supramolecular complex, molecules can be folded to fit into ) 24-hydration of fullerene C60 (C60HyFn). The hydrated cultivation is set in its own well-ordered, structurally heterogeneous watery middle, in which the directness and kinetics of chemical processes are seen in such, that it is necessary to be washed in order to clean.

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