Preparation and Characterization of Chitosan from Perna viridis (Linnaeus, 1758) shell waste as raw material

2021 ◽  
pp. 2757-2762
Author(s):  
Thilagar Gobinath ◽  
Sasikumar Thamizhselvan ◽  
Arumugam Ramakrishnan ◽  
Samuthirapandian Ravichandran
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transforms ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Perna Viridis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Water Binding ◽  
Physiochemical Properties ◽  
Plasma Recalcification Time

Chitosan is extracted from Perna viridis as the staring source via the cycle of chitin deacetylation, which is conducted at 90°C for 6 hours using 40% NaOH. Physiochemical properties such as yield (18%), ash content (0.626%), moisture content (2.9%), and solubility, degree of deacetylation (55), fat binding capability (209%) and water binding ability (254 %) revealed that P.viridis is an important alternative source of chitosan. Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis showed the characteristic peaks of OH at 3400cm-1 and amine at 1660cm-1, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis suggested two critical characteristic peaks at 18° and 34° at (2θ). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to evaluate the surface morphology of isolated chitosan. Thermogravimetric analysis (TG/DTA) was also used to describe the thermal stability of P.viridis chitosan. The procoagulant capacity, plasma recalcification time assays and minimal bactericidal activity verified the hemocompatibility and antibacterial activity of the preparation of chitosan.

Characterization and A Preliminary Study of TiO2 Synthesis from Lampung Iron Sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Yayat Iman Supriyatna ◽  
Slamet Sumardi ◽  
Widi Astuti ◽  
Athessia N. Nainggolan ◽  
Ajeng W. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Ti Content

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.

Preliminary Preparation and Characterization Studies of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Saadah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

Synthesis and Characterization of Lanthanide Metal-Organic Frameworks with Perfluorinated Linkers

2016 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Andrius Laurikėnas ◽  
Jurgis Barkauskas ◽  
Aivaras Kareiva
Keyword(s):  
Metal Organic Frameworks ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Lanthanide Elements ◽  
Diffusion Controlled ◽  
Benzenedicarboxylic Acid ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Lanthanide Metal

In this study, lanthanide elements (Ln3+) and 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (TFBDC) based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized by precipitation and diffusion-controlled precipitation methods. Powders insoluble in aqueous media and polar solvents were obtained. The microstructure and properties of Ln3+ MOFs were evaluated and discussed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence spectroscopy (FLS) were carried out to characterize Ln3+ MOF's crystallinity, the microstructure, chemical composition and optical properties.

CHARACTERIZATION OF HYDROXYAPATITE/TI6AL4V COMPOSITE POWDER UNDER VARIOUS SINTERING TEMPERATURE

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Arifin ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Junaidi Syarif
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Powder ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Work Interaction

Hydroxyapatite (HA) has been widely used in biomedical applications due to its excellent biocompatibility. However, Hydroxyapatite possesses poor mechanical properties and only tolerate limited loads for implants. Titanium is well-known materials applied in implant that has advantage in mechanical properties but poor in biocompatibility. The combination of the Titanium alloy and HA is expected to produce bio-implants with good in term of mechanical properties and biocompatabilty. In this work, interaction and mechanical properties of HA/Ti6Al4V was analyzed. The physical and mechanical properties of HA/Ti6Al4V composite powder obtained from compaction (powder metallurgy) of 60 wt.% Ti6Al4V and 40 wt.% HA and sintering at different temperatures in air were investigated in this study. Interactions of the mixed powders were investigated using X-ray diffraction. The hardness and density of the HA/Ti6Al4V composites were also measured. Based on the results of XRD analysis, the oxidation of Ti began at 700 °C. At 1000 °C, two phases were formed (i.e., TiO2 and CaTiO3). The results showed that the hardness HA/Ti6Al4V composites increased by 221.6% with increasing sintering temperature from 700oC to 1000oC. In contrast, the density of the composites decreased by 1.9% with increasing sintering temperature. 

scholarly journals A Facile Synthesis and Characterization of Highly Crystalline Submicro-Sized BiFeO3

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 3035
Author(s):  
Dovydas Karoblis ◽  
Diana Griesiute ◽  
Kestutis Mazeika ◽  
Dalis Baltrunas ◽  
Dmitry V. Karpinsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bismuth Ferrite ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Synthetic Approach ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Optimal Annealing Temperature ◽  
Synthesized Materials

In this study, a highly crystalline bismuth ferrite (BFO) powder was synthesized using a novel, very simple, and cost-effective synthetic approach. It was demonstrated that the optimal annealing temperature for the preparation of highly-pure BFO is 650 °C. At lower or higher temperatures, the formation of neighboring crystal phases was observed. The thermal behavior of BFO precursor gel was investigated by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) measurements. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Mössbauer spectroscopy were employed for the investigation of structural properties. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to evaluate morphological features of the synthesized materials. The obtained powders were also characterized by magnetization measurements, which showed antiferromagnetic behavior of BFO powders.

scholarly journals Making and Characterization of Limnpo4 Using Solid State Reaction Method for Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes

2019 ◽  
pp. 583-588
Author(s):  
Adelyna Oktavia ◽  
Kurnia Sembiring ◽  
Slamet Priyono
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
General Investigation

Hospho-material of olivine, LiMnPO4 identified as promising for cathode material generation next Lithium-ion battery and has been successfully synthesized by solid-state method with Li2Co3, 2MnO2, 2NH4H2PO4 as raw material. The influence of initial concentration of precursors at kalsinasi temperatures (400-800 ° C) flows with nitrogen. The purity and composition phase verified by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spectroscopy, energy Dispersive x-ray Analysis (EDS), Raman spectra. General investigation shows that there is a correlation between the concentration of precursors, the temperature and the temperature of sintering kalsinasi that can be exploited to design lithium-ion next generation.

Production and Characterization of HVOF Sprayed NiCr-TiC Coatings Using SHS Powder Feedstock

2000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.T. Blatchford ◽  
A.J. Horlock ◽  
D.G. McCartney ◽  
P.H. Shipway ◽  
J.V. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Spraying ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Powder Size ◽  
Coating Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Hvof Spraying ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wear Rates ◽  
Powder Feedstock

Abstract In this paper, the production of NiCr-TiC powder by SHS, suitable for HVOF spraying, is discussed together with results on the microstructure and coating properties. Compacts for SHS were prepared by mixing elemental Ti and C with pre-alloyed Ni-20wt.% Cr powder to give an overall composition of 35wt.% NiCr and 65wt.% TiC. These were then ignited and a self-sustaining reaction proceeded to completion. Reacted compacts were crushed, sieved, and classified to give feedstock powders in size ranges of 10-45 µm and 45-75 µm. All powder was characterized prior to spraying based on particle size distribution, x-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM/EDS). Thermal spraying was performed using both H2 and C3H6 as fuel gases in a UTP/Miller Thermal HVOF system. The resulting coatings were characterized by SEM and XRD analysis, and the microstructures correlated with powder size and spray conditions. Abrasive wear was determined by a modified 'dry sand rubber wheel' (DSRW) test and wear rates were measured. It has been found that wear rates comparable to those of HVOF sprayed WC-17wt% Co coatings can be achieved.

Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of archaeological ceramics from the 16th century El Badi Palace, Morocco

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-470
Author(s):  
Mouhssin El Halim ◽  
Lahcen Daoudi ◽  
Meriam El Ouahabi ◽  
Valérie Rousseau ◽  
Catherine Cools ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
Geochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Firing Tests

ABSTRACTTextural, mineralogical and chemical characterization of archaeological ceramics (zellige) from El Badi Palace (Marrakech, Morocco), the main Islamic monument from the Saadian period (sixteenth century), has been performed to enhance restoration and to determine the technology of manufacturing. A multi-analytical approach based on optical and scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction was used. Re-firing tests on ceramic supports were also performed to determine the firing temperatures used by the Saadian artisans. A calcareous clay raw material was used to manufacture these decorative ceramics. The sherds were fired at a maximum temperature of 800°C in oxidizing atmosphere. The low firing temperature for ‘zellige’ facilitates cutting of the pieces, but also causes fragility in these materials due to the absence of vitreous phases.

Microstructural Characterization of Glass-to-Metal Brazed Joint

2012 ◽  
Vol 616-618 ◽  
pp. 1732-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Hai Shen ◽  
Yu Gang Zheng ◽  
Liang Chang ◽  
Jin Jia Guo ◽  
Song Bin Ye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Power ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Solar Thermal Power ◽  
Brazed Joints ◽  
Brazed Joint ◽  
Scanning Electron

Aiming at the glass-to-metal seals serving in the Solar Thermal Power (STP), glass-to-metal vacuum brazed joints were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed to examine the microstructure and element contents of interface seam on the glass-to-metal vacuum brazed joints. Also, the compositional concentration of the interface seam was measured by using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS).

scholarly journals Effects of Sintering Temperature Variation on Synthesis of Glass-Ceramic Phosphor Using Rice Husk Ash as Silica Source

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 5413
Author(s):  
Rabiatul Adawiyah Abdul Wahab ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Mohd Zaid ◽  
Sidek Hj. Ab Aziz ◽  
Khamirul Amin Matori ◽  
Yap Wing Fen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Silica Source ◽  
Quenching Method

In this study, the authors attempted to propose the very first study on fabrication and characterization of zinc-boro-silicate (ZBS) glass-ceramics derived from the ternary zinc-boro-silicate (ZnO)0.65(B2O3)0.15(RHA)0.2 glass system through a conventional melt-quenching method by incorporating rice husk ash (RHA) as the silica (SiO2) source, followed by a sintering process. Optimization of sintering condition has densified the sintered samples while embedded beta willemite (β-Zn2SiO4) and alpha willemite (α-Zn2SiO4) were proven in X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) has shown the distribution of willemite crystals in rhombohedral shape crystals and successfully form closely-packed grains due to intense crystallization. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of all sintered ZBS glasses presented various emission peaks at 425, 463, 487, 531, and 643 nm corresponded to violet, blue, green, and red emission, respectively. The correlation between the densification, phase transformation, microstructure, and photoluminescence of Zn2SiO4 glass-ceramic phosphor is discussed in detail.

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