Shape Forming and Microwave Sintering of Thin Wall Tubular Lithium Aluminate

2007 ◽  
Vol 280-283 ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Han Ling ◽  
Wei Lin ◽  
Zuoz Hong Jiang ◽  
Xin De Bai

Thin wall tubular Lithium aluminate ceramics have special application background. The microwave synthesis of LiAlO2 ultrafine powder, shape forming and microwave sintering of lithium aluminate pipes with 1mm in thickness were conducted in this paper. The results showed: (1) A controllable ratio of alpha to gamma phase LiAlO2 with average particle size of 0.3 µm can be synthesized via microwave radiation at temperature of 650-800°C within an hour; (2) Cold press and cold isostatic press are feasible methods to form LiAlO2 thin-wall tube and their mechanical properties are superior to those molded via hot pressure casting. (3) Lithium aluminate ceramic was successfully fabricated via microwave sintering, a uniform crystal size within 2-4µm, a typical bimodal pore size distribution and a average compressive strength more than 600MPa were obtained at 1300°C for 30min.

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1462-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoning Liu ◽  
Zhengyi Hu ◽  
Jinzhi Wang ◽  
Guoqi Wen

Phosphorus (P) recovery from urine is affected by various parameters. This study evaluates the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and seed material on P recovery and crystal size in an air-agitated reactor. Results show that ortho-phosphate removal and struvite recovery efficiencies were 96.3% and 89.5%, and 97.1% and 93.0%, after five runs of HRTs of 1 and 2 h, respectively. Low loss of crystals from effluent urine solutions indicates high struvite recovery efficiency and is correlated with the structure and design of the reactor. The average particle size decreased from 40.0 to 31.7 μm as the HRT increased from 1 to 2 h. The two types of seed materials (zeolite and molecular sieve) did not affect the ortho-phosphate removal efficiency but affected the struvite crystal size. In particular, multi-stage addition of zeolites increased the average crystal size from 33.7 to 57.0 μm.


Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 951
Author(s):  
Pimwipa Tayraukham ◽  
Nawee Jantarit ◽  
Nattawut Osakoo ◽  
Jatuporn Wittayakun

The gel of zeolite NaY has potential as a precursor of other zeolites. The particular interest in this work is to convert the gel of NaY to NaP2. We found that the pure phase NaP2 can be produced simply by the conventional hydrothermal (CH) method at 150 °C for 24 h. This NaP2 sample, named CH150, has an average particle size of 10.3 µm and an Si/Al ratio of 1.82. In the case of single crystallization via microwave-assisted hydrothermal (MH) method, various parameters were studied, including the crystallization temperature (90, 150, 175 °C) and time (15, 30, 45, 60 min). The samples were analyzed by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. However, mixed phases of P1 and P2 or ANA were obtained from all samples. Another attempt was made by a double crystallization via MH method as followed: at 90 °C for 1 h, quickly cooled down to room temperature in the microwave chamber and aged for 23 h, and finally at 150 °C for 1 h. The sample, named MH90A150, has an average crystal size of 16.45 µm and an Si/Al ratio of 1.85. The high Al content of NaP2 in both samples (CH150 and MH90A150) could lead to interesting applications.


MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (57-58) ◽  
pp. 2961-2972
Author(s):  
P.C. Meléndez-González ◽  
E. Garza-Duran ◽  
J.C. Martínez-Loyola ◽  
P. Quintana-Owen ◽  
I.L. Alonso-Lemus ◽  
...  

In this work, low-Pt content nanocatalysts (≈ 5 wt. %) supported on Hollow Carbon Spheres (HCS) were synthesized by two routes: i) colloidal conventional polyol, and ii) surfactant-free Bromide Anion Exchange (BAE). The nanocatalysts were labelled as Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B for polyol and BAE, respectively. The physicochemical characterization of the nanocatalysts showed that by following both methods, a good control of chemical composition was achieved, obtaining in addition well dispersed nanoparticles of less than 3 nm TEM average particle size (d) on the HCS. Pt/HCS-B contained more Pt0 species than Pt/HCS-P, an effect of the synthesis method. In addition, the structure of the HCS remains more ordered after BAE synthesis, compared to polyol. Regarding the catalytic activity for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (ORR) in 0.5 M KOH, Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B showed a similar performance in terms of current density (j) at 0.9 V vs. RHE than the benchmark commercial 20 wt. % Pt/C. However, Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B demonstrated a 6 and 5-fold increase in mass catalytic activity compared to Pt/C, respectively. A positive effect of the high specific surface area of the HCS and its interactions with metal nanoparticles and electrolyte, which promoted the mass transfer, increased the performance of Pt/HCS-P and Pt/HCS-B. The high catalytic activity showed by Pt/HCS-B and Pt/HCS-P for the ORR, even with a low-Pt content, make them promising cathode nanocatalysts for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (AEMFC).


2002 ◽  
Vol 721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Sorescu

AbstractWe propose a two-lattice method for direct determination of the recoilless fraction using a single room-temperature transmission Mössbauer measurement. The method is first demonstrated for the case of iron and metallic glass two-foil system and is next generalized for the case of physical mixtures of two powders. We further apply this method to determine the recoilless fraction of hematite and magnetite particles. Finally, we provide direct measurement of the recoilless fraction in nanohematite and nanomagnetite with an average particle size of 19 nm.


1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balasubramanian ◽  
Rajkumar Rajkumar ◽  
K K Singh

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.  


Author(s):  
И.В. Бачериков ◽  
Б.М. Локштанов

При проектировании открытых и закрытых хранилищ измельченных сыпучих материалов древесных материалов, таких как щепа и опилки, большое значение имеет угол естественного откоса (статический и динамический) этих материалов. В технической литературе приводятся противоречивые сведения о величине этих углов, что приводит к ошибкам при проектировании складов. В справочных данных не учитываются условия, в которых эксплуатируются емкости для хранения сыпучих материалов, свойства и состояние этих сыпучих материалов. В свою очередь, ошибки при проектировании приводят к проблемам (зависание, сводообразование, «затопление» и т. д.) и авариям при эксплуатации бункеров и силосов на производстве. В статье представлены сведения, посвященные влиянию влажности и температуры на угол естественного откоса сыпучих материалов. На основании лабораторных и натурных экспериментов, проведенных с помощью специально разработанных методик и установок, была скорректирована формула для определения углов естественного откоса (статического и динамического) для измельченных древесных материалов в зависимости от их фракционного и породного состава, влажности (абсолютной и относительной) и температуры. При помощи скорректированной формулы можно определить угол естественного откоса древесных сыпучих материалов со среднегеометрическим размером частицы от 0,5 мм до 15 мм (от древесной пыли до технологической щепы) в различных производственных условиях. Статья может быть полезна проектировщикам при расчете угла наклона граней выпускающей воронки бункеров и силосов предприятий лесной отрасли и целлюлозо-бумажной промышленности. In the design of open and closed storage warehouses chopped wood materials for bulk materials such as wood chips and sawdust, great importance has an angle of repose (static and dynamic) of these materials. In the technical literature are conflicting reports about the magnitude of these angles, which leads to errors in the design of warehouses. In the referencesdoes not take into account the conditions under which operated capacities for storage of bulk materials, and properties and condition of the bulk material. The design errors lead to problems (hanging, arching, «flooding», etc.) and accidents in the operation of hoppers and silos at the mills. The article provides information on the impact of humidity and temperature on the angle of repose of granular materials. On the basis of laboratory and field experiments, conducted with the help of specially developed techniques and facilities has been adjusted formula for determining the angle of repose (static and dynamic) for the shredded wood materials depending on their fractional and species composition, humidity (absolute and relative) and temperature. It is possible, by using the corrected formula, to determine the angle of repose of loose wood materials with average particle size of from 0.5 mm to 15 mm (wood dust to pulpchips) in various operating conditions. The article can be helpful to designers in the calculation of the angle of inclination of the funnel faces produces bunkers and silos forest industries and pulp and paper industry.


2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3623-3656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fonseca-Santos ◽  
Patrícia Bento Silva ◽  
Roberta Balansin Rigon ◽  
Mariana Rillo Sato ◽  
Marlus Chorilli

Colloidal carriers diverge depending on their composition, ability to incorporate drugs and applicability, but the common feature is the small average particle size. Among the carriers with the potential nanostructured drug delivery application there are SLN and NLC. These nanostructured systems consist of complex lipids and highly purified mixtures of glycerides having varying particle size. Also, these systems have shown physical stability, protection capacity of unstable drugs, release control ability, excellent tolerability, possibility of vectorization, and no reported production problems related to large-scale. Several production procedures can be applied to achieve high association efficiency between the bioactive and the carrier, depending on the physicochemical properties of both, as well as on the production procedure applied. The whole set of unique advantages such as enhanced drug loading capacity, prevention of drug expulsion, leads to more flexibility for modulation of drug release and makes Lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) versatile delivery system for various routes of administration. The route of administration has a significant impact on the therapeutic outcome of a drug. Thus, the non-invasive routes, which were of minor importance as parts of drug delivery in the past, have assumed added importance drugs, proteins, peptides and biopharmaceuticals drug delivery and these include nasal, buccal, vaginal and transdermal routes. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art concerning the application of the lipid nanocarriers designated for non-invasive routes of administration. In this manner, this review presents an innovative technological platform to develop nanostructured delivery systems with great versatility of application in non-invasive routes of administration and targeting drug release.


2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossain Shariare ◽  
Tonmoy Kumar Mondal ◽  
Hani Alothaid ◽  
Md. Didaruzzaman Sohel ◽  
MD Wadud ◽  
...  

Aim: EPAS (evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution) was used in the current studies to prepare azithromycin nanosuspensions and investigate the physicochemical characteristics for the nanosuspension batches with the aim of enhancing the dissolution rate of the nanopreparation to improve bioavailability. Methods: EPAS method used in this study for preparing azithromycin nanosuspension was achieved through developing an in-house instrumentation method. Particle size distribution was measured using Zetasizer Nano S without sample dilution. Dissolved azithromycin nanosuspensions were also compared with raw azithromycin powder and commercially available products. Total drug content of nanosuspension batches were measured using an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) system with Photodiode Array (PDA) detector while residual solvent was measured using gas chromatography (GC). Results: The average particle size of azithromycin nanosuspension was 447.2 nm and total drug content was measured to be 97.81% upon recovery. Dissolution study data showed significant increase in dissolution rate for nanosuspension batch when compared to raw azithromycin and commercial version (microsuspension). The residual solvent found for azithromycin nanosuspension is 0.000098023 mg/ mL or 98.023 ppb. Conclusion: EPAS was successfully used to prepare azithromycin nanoparticles that exhibited significantly enhanced dissolution rate. Further studies are required to scale up the process and determine long term stability of the nanoparticles.


Author(s):  
Kumar Nishchaya ◽  
Swatantra K.S. Kushwaha ◽  
Awani Kumar Rai

Background: Present malignant cancer medicines has the advancement of magnetic nanoparticles as delivery carriers to magnetically accumulate anticancer medication in malignant growth tissue. Aim: In the present investigation, a silica nanoparticles (MSNs) stacked with hydroxyurea were combined and was optimized for dependent and independent variables. Method: In this study, microporous silica nanoparticle stacked with neoplastic medication had been prepared through emulsification followed with solvent evaporation method. Prepared MSNs were optimized for dependent and independent variables. Different formulations were prepared with varying ratio of polymer, lipid and surfactant which affects drug release and kinetics of drug release pattern. The obtained MSNs were identified by FTIR, SEM, drug entrapment, in-vitro drug release, drug release kinetics study, stability testing in order to investigate the nanoparticle characteristics. Results: The percentage drug entrapment of the drug for the formulations F1, F2, F3, was found to be 27.78%, 65.52% and 48.26%. The average particle size for F2 formulation was found to be 520 nm through SEM. The cumulative drug release for the formulations F1, F2, F3 was found to be 64.17%, 71.82% and 32.68%. The formulations were found to be stable which gives controlled drug delivery for 6 hours. Conclusion: From the stability studies data it can be culminated that formulations are most stable when stored at lower temperature or in refrigerator i.e. 5˚C ± 3˚C. It can be concluded that MSN’s loaded with hydroxyurea is a promising approach towards the management of cancer due to its sustained release and less side effects.


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