A Novel Nanofluid Synthesis System for Preparation of Nanofluid

2007 ◽  
Vol 364-366 ◽  
pp. 431-436
Author(s):  
Ho Chang ◽  
Shih Chieh Lin
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Control System ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Circulation System ◽  
Suspension Stability ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Synthesis System ◽  
Average Value ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tio2 Nanofluids

In this study, the author uses a novel nanofluid synthesis system to fabricate a TiO2 nanofluid. The improvement of the proposed nanofluid synthesis system focuses mainly on the pressure control system, coolant circulation system, parameter control system and the machine dimension of the original submerged arc nanofluid synthesis system. This helps to achieve an experimental machine with a fabrication condition to produce more stable and finer TiO2 nanofluids with a particle size of good reproducibility. Experiment is proceeded towards 15 sets of TiO2 nanofluid fabricated by the proposed system are tested under the experimental conditions of 250 V, 6 A of peak current, 2μs of discharge pause off time and 15 days of settling time. The experimental results show that the average Zeta potential of TiO2 nanofluids are -54.2 mv, and the difference between the data and the average value of each set is less than 7%. Furthermore, the average particle size is 45.3nm, and the difference between the data and the average value of each set is less than 6%. The fabricated TiO2 particles have an Anatase structure, and in the aspect of roundness measurement, the produced TiO2 has a good roundness of 0.3 nm. Experiment proves that the roundness of the fabricated TiO2 nanoparticles are much better than those fabricated by aerosol methods. Also, the fabricated nanofluid has a high suspension stability.

Novel Fabrication Method of Nanofluid Having Good Roundness and High Suspension Stability

2008 ◽  
Vol 570 ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ho Chang ◽  
Mu Jung Kao ◽  
Shih Chieh Lin ◽  
Dao Yi Huang
Keyword(s):  
Arc Discharge ◽  
Suspension Stability ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Synthesis System ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
X Ray Absorption ◽  
Submerged Arc ◽  
Tio2 Nanofluids ◽  
Better Than

In this study, the author uses the self-developed submerged arc nanofluid synthesis system to fabricate TiO2 nanofluids. This system uses the energy produced by arc discharge to melt and vaporize matallic polarities under a vacuum condition. The vaporized metal is cooled rapidly inside a low-temperature dielectric liquid, forming nanoparticles that are evenly distributed inside the dielectic liquid. Experiment proves that the roundness of the fabricated TiO2nanoparticles are much better than those fabricated by aerosol methods. Also, the fabricated nanofluid carries a high suspension stability. We uses X-ray absorption spectroscopy to analyze their electronic structure of TiO2 nanofluid. Besides, by measuring the Zeta potential of TiO2 nanofluid having different pH values, it investigates into the suspension stability of the TiO2nanofluid. In order to verify the applicability of the TiO2nanofluid, this study also analyzes and compares the rheology properties of the nanofluid having different average particle sizes as well as their reaction towards light absorption.

scholarly journals Effect of Particle Size on the Hydraulic Characteristics of Mechanically and Biologically Treated Waste

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zhenying Zhang ◽  
Xiufeng Pan ◽  
Jiahe Zhang ◽  
Hui Xu
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Void Ratio ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Vertical Permeability ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Reduce Emissions

Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) is a waste processing technology that helps conserve resources and reduce emissions harmful to the environment. The treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) using MBT is a hot topic in environmental geotechnical engineering. Permeability tests were carried out on MBT waste using a compression and permeability combined apparatus and a large-scale vertical permeability apparatus taking the influence of particle size into consideration. The permeability of samples with smaller particle sizes was found to be lower for the same pressure and dry mass (%) of component. The best-fit line between the logarithmic permeability and variables such as the dry density was linear. As the dry density increased or the void ratio decreased, the permeability of samples with smaller particles decreased more. The logarithmic permeability increased with the increase in the average particle size and void ratio. The permeabilities of MBT waste corresponding to particle size ranges of 0–10, 0–20, and 0–40 mm were 10−10–10−5, 10−8–10−4, and 10−5–10−3 m/s, respectively. The difference between MBT waste and MSW was analyzed in terms of their permeability. The results of MBT waste were compared with those reported in previous studies to provide reference for the permeability analysis of MBT landfills.

scholarly journals Characterization of Cu and Ni Nano-Fluids Synthesized by Pulsed Wire Evaporation Method

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 999-1004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyo-Seob Kim ◽  
Fikret Yilmaz ◽  
Peyala Dharmaiah ◽  
Dong-Jin Lee ◽  
Tae-Haeng Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Nano Particles ◽  
Dispersion Stability ◽  
Suspension Stability ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Dispersion State ◽  
Size And Morphology

AbstractIn the present work, Cu and Ni nanofluids were synthesized using the pulsed wire evaporation (PWE) method in the different aqueous medias, namely (ethanol and ethylene glycol), and the effects of the aqueous media on the dispersion state, stability, and particle size of nanoparticles were studied. The size and morphology of synthesized nano-particles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Also, the dispersion stability of the nanofluids was evaluated by turbiscan analysis. The TEM results showed that the nano-particles were spherical in shape, and the average particle size was below 100 nm. The average particle size of the Cu nano-particles was smaller than that of Ni, which was attributed to a difference in the specific sublimation energy of the elements. Moreover, ethylene glycol (EG) exhibited higher suspension stability than ethanol. Finally, the dispersion stability of Cu@EG displayed the highest value due to lower particle size and greater viscosity.

Determination of grinding parameters of fenugreek seed

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Balasubramanian ◽  
Rajkumar Rajkumar ◽  
K K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Feed Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Fenugreek Seeds ◽  
Fenugreek Seed

Experiment to identify ambient grinding conditions and energy consumed was conducted for fenugreek. Fenugreek seeds at three moisture content (5.1%, 11.5% and 17.3%, d.b.) were ground using a micro pulverizer hammer mill with different grinding screen openings (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mm) and feed rate (8, 16 and 24 kg h-1) at 3000 rpm. Physical properties of fenugreek seeds were also determined. Specific energy consumptions were found to decrease from 204.67 to 23.09 kJ kg-1 for increasing levels of feed rate and grinder screen openings. On the other hand specific energy consumption increased with increasing moisture content. The highest specific energy consumption was recorded for 17.3% moisture content and 8 kg h-1 feed rate with 0.5 mm screen opening. Average particle size decreased from 1.06 to 0.39 mm with increase of moisture content and grinder screen opening. It has been observed that the average particle size was minimum at 0.5 mm screen opening and 8 kg h-1 feed rate at lower moisture content. Bond’s work index and Kick’s constant were found to increase from 8.97 to 950.92 kWh kg-1 and 0.932 to 78.851 kWh kg-1 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. Size reduction ratio and grinding effectiveness of fenugreek seed were found to decrease from 4.11 to 1.61 and 0.0118 to 0.0018 with the increase of moisture content, feed rate and grinder screen opening, respectively. The loose and compact bulk densities varied from 219.2 to 719.4 kg m-3 and 137.3 to 736.2 kg m-3, respectively.  

Formulating SLN and NLC as Innovative Drug Delivery Systems for Non-Invasive Routes of Drug Administration

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (22) ◽  
pp. 3623-3656 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Fonseca-Santos ◽  
Patrícia Bento Silva ◽  
Roberta Balansin Rigon ◽  
Mariana Rillo Sato ◽  
Marlus Chorilli
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Drug Release ◽  
Drug Loading ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Non Invasive

Colloidal carriers diverge depending on their composition, ability to incorporate drugs and applicability, but the common feature is the small average particle size. Among the carriers with the potential nanostructured drug delivery application there are SLN and NLC. These nanostructured systems consist of complex lipids and highly purified mixtures of glycerides having varying particle size. Also, these systems have shown physical stability, protection capacity of unstable drugs, release control ability, excellent tolerability, possibility of vectorization, and no reported production problems related to large-scale. Several production procedures can be applied to achieve high association efficiency between the bioactive and the carrier, depending on the physicochemical properties of both, as well as on the production procedure applied. The whole set of unique advantages such as enhanced drug loading capacity, prevention of drug expulsion, leads to more flexibility for modulation of drug release and makes Lipid-based nanocarriers (LNCs) versatile delivery system for various routes of administration. The route of administration has a significant impact on the therapeutic outcome of a drug. Thus, the non-invasive routes, which were of minor importance as parts of drug delivery in the past, have assumed added importance drugs, proteins, peptides and biopharmaceuticals drug delivery and these include nasal, buccal, vaginal and transdermal routes. The objective of this paper is to present the state of the art concerning the application of the lipid nanocarriers designated for non-invasive routes of administration. In this manner, this review presents an innovative technological platform to develop nanostructured delivery systems with great versatility of application in non-invasive routes of administration and targeting drug release.

Azithromycin nanosuspension preparation using evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution (EPAS) method and its comparative dissolution study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Hossain Shariare ◽  
Tonmoy Kumar Mondal ◽  
Hani Alothaid ◽  
Md. Didaruzzaman Sohel ◽  
MD Wadud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Total Drug ◽  
Residual Solvent ◽  
Dissolution Study ◽  
Drug Content

Aim: EPAS (evaporative precipitation into aqueous solution) was used in the current studies to prepare azithromycin nanosuspensions and investigate the physicochemical characteristics for the nanosuspension batches with the aim of enhancing the dissolution rate of the nanopreparation to improve bioavailability. Methods: EPAS method used in this study for preparing azithromycin nanosuspension was achieved through developing an in-house instrumentation method. Particle size distribution was measured using Zetasizer Nano S without sample dilution. Dissolved azithromycin nanosuspensions were also compared with raw azithromycin powder and commercially available products. Total drug content of nanosuspension batches were measured using an Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) system with Photodiode Array (PDA) detector while residual solvent was measured using gas chromatography (GC). Results: The average particle size of azithromycin nanosuspension was 447.2 nm and total drug content was measured to be 97.81% upon recovery. Dissolution study data showed significant increase in dissolution rate for nanosuspension batch when compared to raw azithromycin and commercial version (microsuspension). The residual solvent found for azithromycin nanosuspension is 0.000098023 mg/ mL or 98.023 ppb. Conclusion: EPAS was successfully used to prepare azithromycin nanoparticles that exhibited significantly enhanced dissolution rate. Further studies are required to scale up the process and determine long term stability of the nanoparticles.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effects of Filler Fineness on the Properties of an Epoxy Asphalt Mixture

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2003
Author(s):  
Wei Xu ◽  
Jintao Wei ◽  
Zhengxiong Chen ◽  
Feng Wang ◽  
Jian Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Fine Dust ◽  
Bonding Structure ◽  
Epoxy Asphalt ◽  
Mineral Powder ◽  
Marshall Stability ◽  
Mixture Sample

The type and fineness of a filler significantly affect the performance of an asphalt mixture. There is a lack of specific research on the effects of filler fineness and dust from aggregates on the properties of epoxy asphalt (EA) mixtures. The effects of aggregate dust and mineral powder on the properties of an EA mixture were evaluated. These filler were tested to determine their fineness, specific surface area and mineral composition. The effects of these fillers on the EA mastic sample and mixture were evaluated. The morphology of the EA mastic samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of the fillers on the Marshall stability, tensile strength and fatigue performance of the EA mixture were evaluated. The dust from the aggregates exhibited an even particle size distribution, and its average particle size was approximately 20% of that of the mineral powder. The SEM microanalysis showed that the EA mastic sample containing relatively fine dust formed a tight and dense interfacial bonding structure with the aggregate. The EA mixture sample containing filler composed of dust from aggregate had a significantly higher strength and longer fatigue life than that of the EA sample containing filler composed of mineral powder.

scholarly journals Surface Activity of Humic Acid and Its Sub-Fractions from Forest Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8122
Author(s):  
Shijie Tian ◽  
Weiqiang Tan ◽  
Xinyuan Wang ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Fanhao Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Forest Soil ◽  
Surface Activity ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Gaussian Model ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Average Particle

Surface activity of humic acid (HA) and its six sub-fractions isolated from forest soil were characterized by surface tension measurements, dynamic light scattering, and laser doppler electrophoresis. The surface tension of HA and its sub-fractions reduced from 72.4 mN·m−1 to 36.8 mN·m−1 in exponential model with the increasing concentration from 0 to 2000 mg·L−1. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and Z-average particle size ranged from 216–1024 mg·L−1 and 108.2–186.9 nm for HA and its sub-fractions, respectively. The CMC have related with alkyl C, O-alkyl C, aromatic C, and carbonyl C (p < 0.05), respectively, and could be predicted with the multiple linear regression equation of CMC, CMC = 18896 − 6.9 × C-296 × alkyl C-331 × aromatic C-17019 × H/C + 4054 × HB/HI (p < 0.05). The maximum particle size was 5000 nm after filtered by a membrane with pore size of 450 nm, indicating HA and its sub-fractions could progressed self-assembly at pH 6.86. The aggregate sizes of number-base particle size distributions were mainly in six clusters including 2 ± 1 nm, 5 ± 2 nm, 10 ± 3 nm, 21 ± 8 nm, 40 ± 10 nm, and >50 nm analyzed by Gaussian model that maybe due to the inconsistency of the components and structures of the HA sub-fractions, requiring further study. It is significance to explore the surface activity of HA and its sub-fractions, which is helpful to clarify the environmental behavior of HA.

Microstructure Characterization of Ag Nanoparticles Prepared by Hydrothermal Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 476-478 ◽  
pp. 1138-1141
Author(s):  
Zhi Qiang Wei ◽  
Qiang Wei ◽  
Li Gang Liu ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
Xiao Juan Wu
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydrothermal Method ◽  
Ag Nanoparticles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Face Centered

Ag nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal method under the polyol system combined with traces of sodium chloride, Silver nitrate(AgNO3) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) acted as the silver source and dispersant respectively. The samples by this process were characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) adsorption equation, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED) to determine the chemical composition, particle size, crystal structure and morphology. The experiment results indicate that the crystal structure of the samples is face centered cubic (FCC) structure as same as the bulk materials, The specific surface area is 24 m2/g, the particle size distribution ranging from10 to 50 nm, with an average particle size about 26 nm obtained by TEM and confirmed by XRD and BET results.

scholarly journals Wheat Grinding Process with Low Moisture Content: A New Approach for Wholemeal Flour Production

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Waleed H. Hassoon ◽  
Dariusz Dziki ◽  
Antoni Miś ◽  
Beata Biernacka
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Grinding Process ◽  
Mixing Properties ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Grain Moisture ◽  
Flour Production ◽  
And Storage

The objective of this study was to determine the grinding characteristics of wheat with a low moisture content. Two kinds of wheat—soft spelt wheat and hard Khorasan wheat—were dried at 45 °C to reduce the moisture content from 12% to 5% (wet basis). Air drying at 45 °C and storage in a climatic chamber (45 °C, 10% relative humidity) were the methods used for grain dehydration. The grinding process was carried out using a knife mill. After grinding, the particle size distribution, average particle size and grinding energy indices were determined. In addition, the dough mixing properties of wholemeal flour dough were studied using a farinograph. It was observed that decreasing the moisture content in wheat grains from 12% to 5% made the grinding process more effective. As a result, the average particle size of the ground material was decreased. This effect was found in both soft and hard wheat. Importantly, lowering the grain moisture led to about a twofold decrease in the required grinding energy. Moreover, the flour obtained from the dried grains showed higher water absorption and higher dough stability during mixing. However, the method of grain dehydration had little or no effect on the results of the grinding process or dough properties.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document