The Mechanochemistry of Synthetic Phosphate Oil under High Pressure

2010 ◽  
Vol 450 ◽  
pp. 185-188
Author(s):  
Bao Yu Song ◽  
Qing Xiang Yang ◽  
Yu Lin Qi ◽  
Dai Zhong Su
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Capillary Viscometer ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Strong Activity ◽  
Synthetic Oil ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

The pressure-viscosity relationships of phosphate synthetic oil and other two kinds of similar atmospheric viscosity synthetic oils were studied using ultra-high pressure capillary viscometer. The pressure-viscosity relationship of phosphate synthetic oil is much better than the other two kinds of synthetic oils. The impact of pressure on viscosity is not limited to purely physical factors. The pressure can cause a variety of chemical reactions in some cases. The investigation results of mechanochemistry of phosphate synthetic oil at high pressure reveal that the physical state of phosphate synthetic oil changed from liquid into glassy amorphous state under high pressure, and the color varied from transparent into milky white. The mechanochemistry of phosphate synthetic oil was analyzed using the infrared spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography, and the results indicate that under high pressure, the oxidation reaction of phosphate synthetic oil occurred, and the molecular weight distribution changed with the increase of the low molecular weight region. The reason of the mechanochemistry phenomena was that phosphate synthetic oil molecular chain disconnects to inform great radical. The great radical has strong activity, and reacts with other free radicals acceptor (oxygen, etc).

scholarly journals Molecular Simulation of Hyperbranched Polyester

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 563-569
Author(s):  
Liu Yanmei ◽  
Li Haihua ◽  
Tai Yulei ◽  
Chao Guoku ◽  
Zhao Yajuan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Simulation Model ◽  
Empirical Equation ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Acid Value ◽  
Hyperbranched Polyester ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The Core ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

A new types of hyperbranched polyester was synthesized by the 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl) propionic acid as an AB2-type monomer and glycerol as the core moiety. Molecular weights were confirmed by Gel Permeation Chromatography. Acid values were titrated by KOH. The hydroxy value was obtained by titration. Furthermore, we calculate logarithmic value of acid value, hydroxy value, and molecular weight, respectively, and the simulation model curves were obtained. Based on the simulation model curves, we establish the empirical equation of the relationship of molecular weight, acid value and hydroxy value.

SOMATOSTATIN IMMUNOREACTIVE PEPTIDES OF HIGHER MOLECULAR WEIGHT IN OVINE HYPOTHALAMIC EXTRACTS

1978 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. P. MILLAR
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Rat Pancreas ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Protein Research ◽  
Somatostatin Immunoreactivity ◽  
Relationship Of

U.C.T./M.R.C. Protein Research Unit, Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical School, Observatory 7925, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (Received 26 January 1978) Higher molecular weight (HMW) immunoreactive forms of somatostatin have been reported in extracts of ovine hypothalami (Vale, Ling, Rivier, Villarreal, Rivier, Douglas & Brown, 1976), rat pancreas and stomach (Arimura, Sato, Dupont, Nishi & Schally, 1975) and human pancreatic somatostatinoma (Larsson, Hirsch, Holst, Ingemansson, Kühl, Jensen, Lundquist & Rehfeld, 1977). However, the possibility that the HMW immunoreactive substances were oligomers of somatostatin or somatostatin bound to larger molecules was not excluded. The present study was undertaken to establish that authentic HMW immunoreactive somatostatin is present in the ovine hypothalamus and to glean information on the structural relationship of the HMW species with somatostatin. Sheep hypothalami were extracted and subjected to gel permeation chromatography as described previously by Millar, Aehnelt & Rossier (1977). Fractions were assayed for somatostatin immunoreactivity

scholarly journals Intrinsic Viscosity-molecular Weight Relationship of Poly (Hexanediol Adipate)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Jiankun Li ◽  
Zegang Zong ◽  
Dehua Hou ◽  
Bojun Tu ◽  
Weilan Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Intrinsic Viscosity ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Molecular Weights ◽  
The One ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
End Group

In this work, a series of poly(Hexanediol adipate)(PHA) samples (103＜Mn＜104) with narrow molecular weight distribution were prepared by the polymerization between adilic acid and 1,6-hexandiol. End-group analysis was applied to determine the number average molecular weight (Mn) of PHA. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was employed to obtain the average molecular weights (Mn, Mv, Mw).The intrinsic viscosity of the samples in the tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution was determined at 298 K by the dilution extrapolation method and the one-point method. The relationship between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight for PHA was studied by the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada (MHS) equation, and the parameters of equation were determined.

Recent Advances in Gel Permeation Chromatography

1981 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. Ouano
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Data System ◽  
Size Exclusion ◽  
Difficult Time ◽  
Gel Permeation ◽  
Data Acquisition And Processing

Abstract Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), sometimes referred to as size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), has progressed at an almost explosive rate since its introduction less than two decades ago. One has only to refer to the open literature or thumb through the list of Chromatographic equipment manufacturers anxious to sell their latest innovation to be fully convinced of this fact. Because of the extensive progress in GPC technique and instrumentation, the author had a very difficult time in deciding the scope of this review. Mindful that he may be criticized of being myopic in his presentation of the most significant and recent contributions and guilty of gross omission of important references, the author has nevertheless decided to narrow the scope to three major areas and a few key references. The three major areas to be covered are: (1) data acquisition and processing, (2) high-pressure chromatography and (3) detectors. Extensive progress has been made in the computerization of both data acquisition and data reduction, the latter allowing molecular weight distribution (MWD) and molecular weight averages to be obtained on the sample in a matter of minutes rather than hours or days. The main beneficiaries of the computerization of data acquisition and processing have been those concerned with polymer quality control, for it has liberated them from the drudgery of the manual digitization, integration, and normalization of the chromatograms required to reduce them to a useful format. The hours of monotonous eye-straining work to obtain MWD and molecular weight averages has been reduced to a few seconds of punching a few keys of the data system console. The development of the high-pressure Chromatograph has added a new dimension to GPC, for, when it is combined with a computerized data system, the MWD can be obtained almost in real time in relation, for example, to a characteristic time of a polymerization reactor. In high-speed Chromatograph y under nearly ideal conditions (low-viscosity mobile phase and molecular weight of no more than a few hundred thousand), the MWD can be obtained in a few minutes. This capability allows the use of GPC as on-line process-control equipment. The Chromatograph can be used as part of a “feed-back” loop to control the polymerization conditions to obtain a product of consistent MWD.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

Business: Making Cents of Coding Systems: Billing for Professional Services

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dee Adams Nikjeh
Keyword(s):  
Professional Services ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Coding Systems ◽  
Language Pathology ◽  
Program Funding ◽  
Fee Schedule ◽  
Procedure Codes ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Administrators and supervisors face daily challenges over issues such as program funding, service fees, correct coding procedures, and the ever-changing healthcare regulations. Receiving equitable reimbursement for speech-language pathology and audiology services necessitates an understanding of federal coding and reimbursement systems. This tutorial provides information pertaining to two major healthcare coding systems and explains the relationship of these systems to clinical documentation, the Medicare Physician Fee Schedule and equitable reimbursement. An explanation of coding edits and coding modifiers is provided for use in those occasional atypical situations when the standard use of procedural coding may not be appropriate. Also included in this tutorial is a brief discussion of the impact that the Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act of 2008 (HR 6331 Medicare Improvements for Patients and Providers Act [MIPPA], 2008) has had on the valuation of speech-language pathology procedure codes.

Emotions and health: The impact of emotions, emotions regulation, music, and acculturation on health

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Bongard ◽  
Volker Hodapp ◽  
Sonja Rohrmann
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Anger Expression ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Cardiovascular Stress ◽  
Expression Behavior ◽  
Cardio Vascular ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Our unit investigates the relationship of emotional processes (experience, expression, and coping), their physiological correlates and possible health outcomes. We study domain specific anger expression behavior and associated cardio-vascular loads and found e.g. that particularly an open anger expression at work is associated with greater blood pressure. Furthermore, we demonstrated that women may be predisposed for the development of certain mental disorders because of their higher disgust sensitivity. We also pointed out that the suppression of negative emotions leads to increased physiological stress responses which results in a higher risk for cardiovascular diseases. We could show that relaxation as well as music activity like singing in a choir causes increases in the local immune parameter immunoglobuline A. Finally, we are investigating connections between migrants’ strategy of acculturation and health and found e.g. elevated cardiovascular stress responses in migrants when they where highly adapted to the German culture.

Working conditions and the formation of health risks among workers of the petrochemical industry engaged in the production of methanol and its derivatives

2019 ◽  
pp. 266-271
Author(s):  
Nina M. Meshchakova ◽  
Marina P. Dyakovich ◽  
Salim F. Shayakhmetov
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Circulatory System ◽  
Medical Examination ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Labor Intensity ◽  
Industrial Noise ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The Impact

Introduction.Methanol and its derivatives occupy one of the leading places among the main organic synthesis intermediates in terms of their importance and scale of production. According to experts, by 2027 the global demand for methanol can reach 135 million tons, the annual growth will be about 5.5%. However, there is little information regarding the assessment of working conditions and occupational risks for workers in modern methanol production and its derivatives.The aim of the studyis hygienic assessment of working conditions and the formation of health risks in workers of modern production of methanol and methylamines.Materials and methods.The assessment of the main adverse factors of production is given. When studying the state of health, objective indicators (the results of an in-depth medical examination) and subjective (the results of a quantitative assessment of the risks of the main pathological syndromes associated with health) are considered.Results.According to long-term observations, the concentration of harmful substances in the air of the working area, indicators of labor severity, parameters of physical factors met hygienic requirements, with the exception of industrial noise exceeding the maximum permissible level, as well as labor intensity of 1 degree. The General assessment of working conditions corresponds to the category of harmful 2 degrees (3.2). According to the results of the medical examination and quantitative assessment of the risks of health disorders in workers, the most significant were functional disorders and diseases of the circulatory system. The levels of somatic pathology on the part of the main body systems were significantly higher in apparatchiks compared to the engineering and technical personnel (ETP).Conclusions:In the production of methyl alcohol and methylamines, the main hygienic importance is the impact on workers of the complex of harmful substances of 1-IV hazard classes in low concentrations, increased levels of industrial noise, labor intensity of 1 degree. According to the subjective assessment of health and medical examination, the greatest prevalence of health risks in workers was observed from the circulatory system, and the levels of the revealed somatic pathology were statistically significantly higher in apparatchiks compared with the ETP.

The Dilemma of Defense Intelligence

2010 ◽  
pp. 421-435
Author(s):  
Richard A. Best
Keyword(s):  
Department Of Defense ◽  
Intelligence Community ◽  
National Security Agency ◽  
Intelligence Agency ◽  
Community Agencies ◽  
Future Space ◽  
Defense Intelligence ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Coordination And Collaboration ◽  
The Impact

This article discusses the dilemma of the defense intelligence. It discusses the interweaving yet complicated relationship of the Department of Defense (DOD) and the Office of Director of National Intelligence (ODNI). Immersed in a divided and a “stovepiped” culture, the member agencies of the intelligence community lacked coordination and collaboration. In this article, the nature of the three agencies of the DOD: the National Security Agency (NSA), the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO), and the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA) are discussed. The evolution of coordination among the intelligence community agencies and the impact of 9/11 on the cooperation and collaboration between the agencies are also discussed including the era of the Director of National Intelligence (DNI) and the challenges posed by the future space surveillance.

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