Processing and Characterization of Palm Fiber-Polypropylene Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 471-472 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
Ramazan Kahraman ◽  
Sarfraz Abbasi ◽  
Basel Abu-Sharkh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Single Screw Extruder ◽  
Injection Molded

Composites of palm fiber and polypropylene were compounded using a mixing device at various temperatures, mixing times, and mixing intensities. Two mixing options were utilized. Either the mixing device was mounted with a mixer or a single screw extruder. The composites were subsequently injection molded into standard tensile specimens for mechanical characterization. Tests were performed to determine the effects of processing parameters such as the mixing and molding temperatures, mixing speed, and mixing time on the mechanical performance of the palm-polypropylene composite. The optimum processing conditions for the mixer were determined to be: Mixing Speed = 50 rpm, Mixing Time = 8 min, and Processing Temperature = 200°C. Optimum extruder conditions, on the other hand, were determined as 40 rpm extruder screw speed and processing temperatures of Zone 1=195°C, Zone 2=200°C, Zone 3=205°C, and Nozzle 210°C. Use of the extruder resulted in higher composite strength with much shorter processing time. Further studies are also being conducted to include coupling agents in the processing to improve the interfacial adhesion between the palm fibers and the polypropylene matrix.

Effects of Different Processing Techniques on the Properties of PLA

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 2932-2935
Author(s):  
Hong Juan Zheng ◽  
Yan Rong Wang ◽  
Zhi Wei Zhao ◽  
Lin Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mixing Time ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Mixing Conditions ◽  
Processing Property ◽  
Obvious Effect ◽  
Good Thermal Stability ◽  
Mixing Speed ◽  
Internal Mixing ◽  
Processing Techniques

PLA has excellent processing property and good thermal stability, which are closely related to the processing technology, and the general processing temperature can be controlled in 170~230°C. Effects of different processing conditions (internal mixing temperature, internal mixing time and internal mixing speed) on the properties of PLA were discussed. The results show that the mechanical properties and other performance of PLA can be obviously enhanced by internal mixing. Internal mixing time and internal mixing speed have little effects on the performance of PLA, but the internal mixing temperature has obvious effect on the properties of PLA. PLA has the optimum properties when the internal mixing time is 5min, internal mixing speed is 20r/min and internal mixing temperature is 190°C. The spherocrystal size and spherocrystal rate of PLA are influenced strongly by the mixing conditions.

scholarly journals Thermo-mechanical characterization of a bio-composite mortar reinforced with date palm fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 155892502094823
Author(s):  
Samir Benaniba ◽  
Zied Driss ◽  
Mokhtar Djendel ◽  
Elhadj Raouache ◽  
Rabah Boubaaya
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Composite Material ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Date Palm Fibers

Due to respect for the environment and the search for more sustainable materials, scientists have started in recent decades to launch studies on bio-composite materials. It is well known that building materials are among the most commonly used materials and have an obvious negative impact on the environment. The development of environmentally friendly composites as insulating materials in buildings offers practical solutions to reduce energy consumption. Therefore, this work presents the use of a new bio-composite material composed of natural fibers, date palm fibers, cement, and sand. In addition, the study on the effect of adding date palm fibers on the thermo-mechanical characteristics of mortars assesses the thermal insulation properties as well as the water absorption and mechanical performance of this new bio-composite material to use it in the construction of buildings. The percentage by weight of date palm fiber in the test samples varied from 0% to 30% for a fiber size of length equal to 7 mm. The characteristics of these samples were determined experimentally in terms of resistance to bending and compression as well as thermal conductivity. The results show that while increasing the weight of date palm fiber, an obviously reduction in thermal conductivity, flexural, and compressive strength of the composite is observed. Hence, date palm fiber has a positive effect on the thermo-mechanical properties of the composite material. Therefore, it considerably improves the insulating capacity of the mortar.

Nano-Filled Polymer Composites for Biomedical Applications

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximiano V. Ramos ◽  
Armstrong Frederick ◽  
Ahmed M. Al-Jumaily
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Polymer Nanocomposites ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Correct Choice ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Experimental Procedure ◽  
Filled Polymer

Polymer nanocomposites offer various functional advantages required for several biomedical applications. For example, polymer nanocomposites are biocompatible, biodegradable, and can be engineered to have mechanical properties suitable for specific applications. The key to the use of polymer nanocomposites for different applications is the correct choice of matrix polymer chemistry, filler type, and matrix-filler interaction. This paper discusses the results of a study in the processing and characterization of nono-filled polymer composites and focuses on the improvement of its properties for potential biomedical applications. The experimental procedure for the preparation of nano-filled polymer composite by ultrasonic mixing is described. Different types of nanofillers and polymer matrix are studied. Effects of processing parameters such as percent loading of fillers, mixing time on the mechanical properties of the composites are discussed. Preliminary results indicate improvement in shear and flexural properties, tensile and compressive properties, were observed in the prepared composites for some processing conditions.

High density polyethylene/wood flour composite: Optimization of processing temperature, processing time and coupling agent concentration

2021 ◽  
pp. 096739112098733
Author(s):  
Zahra Ranjbarha ◽  
Parviz Aberoomand-Azar ◽  
Javad Mokhtari-Aliabad ◽  
Seyed Amin Mirmohammadi ◽  
Mohammad Saber-Tehrani
Keyword(s):  
Coupling Agent ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Mixing Time ◽  
Polymer Melt ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
High Density ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Term Creep

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) consisting of high density polyethylene (HDPE) reinforced with high-loading (55 wt%) of wood flour (WF) were fabricated with melt-blending technique. In this compounding method, processing parameters such as different mixing temperatures (of 165, 180 and 195°C), mixing times (of 5, 10 and 15 minutes) and coupling agent contents (of 2 and 4 wt%) were evaluated. Prepared specimens were analyzed with tensile, Izod, shore D, DMTA, short-term creep, DSC, TGA, water absorption and water contact angle characterizations. Results revealed that mixing temperature of 180°C, mixing time of 10 minutes and coupling agent concentration of 4 wt% were found as the best processing conditions. The mentioned conditions provided enhanced dispersion of WF particles within the HDPE matrix, due to optimum viscosity of the polymer melt and effective residence time of compound in the mixer, and beside them efficient interfacial adhesion between WF and polymer matrix.

scholarly journals Ductility and Toughness Improvement of Injection-Molded Compostable Pieces of Polylactide by Melt Blending with Poly(ε-caprolactone) and Thermoplastic Starch

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Quiles-Carrillo ◽  
Nestor Montanes ◽  
Fede Pineiro ◽  
Amparo Jorda-Vilaplana ◽  
Sergio Torres-Giner
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Ternary Blend ◽  
Melt Blending ◽  
Plastic Materials ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Spherical Domains ◽  
Injection Molded

The present study describes the preparation and characterization of binary and ternary blends based on polylactide (PLA) with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) to develop fully compostable plastics with improved ductility and toughness. To this end, PLA was first melt-mixed in a co-rotating twin-screw extruder with up to 40 wt % of different PCL and TPS combinations and then shaped into pieces by injection molding. The mechanical, thermal, and thermomechanical properties of the resultant binary and ternary blend pieces were analyzed and related to their composition. Although the biopolymer blends were immiscible, the addition of both PCL and TPS remarkably increased the flexibility and impact strength of PLA while it slightly reduced its mechanical strength. The most balanced mechanical performance was achieved for the ternary blend pieces that combined high PCL contents with low amounts of TPS, suggesting a main phase change from PLA/TPS (comparatively rigid) to PLA/PCL (comparatively flexible). The PLA-based blends presented an “island-and-sea” morphology in which the TPS phase contributed to the fine dispersion of PCL as micro-sized spherical domains that acted as a rubber-like phase with the capacity to improve toughness. In addition, the here-prepared ternary blend pieces presented slightly higher thermal stability and lower thermomechanical stiffness than the neat PLA pieces. Finally, all biopolymer pieces fully disintegrated in a controlled compost soil after 28 days. Therefore, the inherently low ductility and toughness of PLA can be successfully improved by melt blending with PCL and TPS, resulting in compostable plastic materials with a great potential in, for instance, rigid packaging applications.

scholarly journals Improving Strength and Ductility of a Mg-3.7Al-1.8Ca-0.4Mn Alloy with Refined and Dispersed Al2Ca Particles by Industrial-Scale ECAP Processing

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ce Wang ◽  
Aibin Ma ◽  
Jiapeng Sun ◽  
Xiaoru Zhuo ◽  
He Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Tensile Yield Strength ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Angular Pressing ◽  
Superior Mechanical Properties

Tailoring the morphology and distribution of the Al2Ca second phase is important for improving mechanical properties of Al2Ca-containing Mg-Al-Ca based alloys. This work employed the industrial-scale multi-pass rotary-die equal channel angular pressing (RD-ECAP) on an as-cast Mg-3.7Al-1.8Ca-0.4Mn (wt %) alloy and investigated its microstructure evolution and mechanical properties under three different processing parameters. The obtained results showed that RD-ECAP was effective for refining the microstructure and breaking the network-shaped Al2Ca phase. With the increase of the ECAP number and decrease of the processing temperature, the average sizes of Al2Ca particles decreased obviously, and the dispersion of the Al2Ca phase became more uniform. In addition, more ECAP passes and lower processing temperature resulted in finer α-Mg grains. Tensile test results indicated that the 573 K-12p alloy with the finest and most dispersed Al2Ca particles exhibited superior mechanical properties with tensile yield strength of 304 MPa, ultimate tensile strength of 354 MPa and elongation of 10.3%. The improved comprehensive mechanical performance could be attributed to refined DRX grains, nano-sized Mg17Al12 precipitates and dispersed Al2Ca particles, where the refined and dispersed Al2Ca particles played a more dominant role in strengthening the alloys.

scholarly journals Crystallization of Random Metallocene-Catalyzed Propylene-Based Copolymers with Ethylene and 1-Hexene on Rapid Cooling

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2091
Author(s):  
Daniela Mileva ◽  
Jingbo Wang ◽  
René Androsch ◽  
Katalee Jariyavidyanont ◽  
Markus Gahleitner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Metallocene Catalyst ◽  
Nucleating Agent ◽  
Random Copolymers ◽  
Rapid Cooling ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chip Calorimetry ◽  
High Cooling Rates ◽  
Fast Scanning Chip Calorimetry

Propylene-based random copolymers with either ethylene or 1-hexene as comonomer, produced using a metallocene catalyst, were studied regarding their crystallization behaviors, with a focus on rapid cooling. To get an impression of processing effects, fast scanning chip calorimetry (FSC) was used in addition to the characterization of the mechanical performance. When comparing the comonomer type and the relation to commercial grades based on Ziegler–Natta-type catalysts, both an interaction with the catalyst-related regio-defects and a significant difference between ethylene and 1-hexene was observed. A soluble-type nucleating agent was found to modify the behavior, but to an increasingly lesser degree at high cooling rates.

scholarly journals Design and Characterization of Microscale Auxetic and Anisotropic Structures Fabricated by Multiphoton Lithography

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 446
Author(s):  
Ioannis Spanos ◽  
Zacharias Vangelatos ◽  
Costas Grigoropoulos ◽  
Maria Farsari
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Mechanical Responses ◽  
Multiphoton Lithography ◽  
Anisotropic Structures ◽  
Scanning Electron

The need for control of the elastic properties of architected materials has been accentuated due to the advances in modelling and characterization. Among the plethora of unconventional mechanical responses, controlled anisotropy and auxeticity have been promulgated as a new avenue in bioengineering applications. This paper aims to delineate the mechanical performance of characteristic auxetic and anisotropic designs fabricated by multiphoton lithography. Through finite element analysis the distinct responses of representative topologies are conveyed. In addition, nanoindentation experiments observed in-situ through scanning electron microscopy enable the validation of the modeling and the observation of the anisotropic or auxetic phenomena. Our results herald how these categories of architected materials can be investigated at the microscale.

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