Effects of Influent Concentration and Flow Rate on the Sorption of Diesel Molecules on Kapok Fibers at Dynamic Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Marvin U. Herrera ◽  
Ronniel D. Manalo ◽  
Monet C. Maguyon-Detras ◽  
Mary Donnabelle L. Balela
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
Breakthrough Time ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Influent Concentration ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Column Type ◽  
The Times ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Kapok Fibers

Kapok fibers were used as a filtering medium in a column-type filtration set-up to separate diesel from water molecules in dynamic conditions. The amount of diesel flowing out the filtration system with respect to time was monitored. The times wherein the diesel first came out the filtering system (breakthrough time) were shorter at higher influent concentration and faster flow rate. Meanwhile, the total sorbed diesel molecules in the filtering system were increasing with the influent concentration while invariant with flow rate. The shorter breakthrough time was associated with the higher amount of diesel molecules that could be sorbed at a shorter time and the rate at which the overall processes of sorption-desorption-resorption proceeded. On the other hand, the sorption capacity of the system was viewed to be affected by the amount of moving diesel molecules that would interact with the kapok fibers and/or surface-sorbed diesel molecules but not by the contact time.

scholarly journals Flow rate variation and biological agents that obstruct drippers of swine effluent

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-132
Author(s):  
Rafael Oliveira Batista ◽  
Rubens Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Maria Elidayane da Cunha ◽  
Rutilene Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Jeane Cruz Portela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Biological Agents ◽  
Public Water Supply ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Swine Effluent ◽  
The Times ◽  
Set Up

Emitter clogging is the major problem of drip irrigation systems operating with wastewater. The objective of this study was to evaluate the alteration of the flow rate variation coefficient (FVC) and to identify the biological agents that cause obstruction in drip units operating with swine effluent and public water supply. The experiment was set up in a split-plot scheme, with the times of application of swine effluent and public water supply in the main plots and dripper types in the secondary parcels, evaluating times of FVC in the tertiary parcels, using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three repetitions. The FVC of the drip subunits was calculated on every 40 hours as well as the microscopic analysis of the biological agents of clogging, until 160 h. At the end of the tests, biofilm samples were collected in each drip unit to identify the groups of predominant bacteria. The results indicated that the FVC was effective in detecting the clogging of the emitters, evidencing that the construction characteristics and the times of application of swine effluent and of the public water supply interfere in this process. Microscopic analyzes of the biofilm indicated that the main biological agents that caused obstruction were algae, bacteria, fungi and protozoa.

On the Influence of the Slot Orifice in Diesel Common Rail Nozzle

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giancarlo Chiatti ◽  
Ornella Chiavola ◽  
Fulvio Palmieri ◽  
Roberto Pompei
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Common Rail ◽  
Spray Angle ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Hydraulic Behavior ◽  
Reference Information ◽  
Light Duty ◽  
Set Up

Background:The paper deals with a diesel common rail nozzle in which a novel orifice layout is implemented.Objective:Its influence on the nozzle mechanical-hydraulic behavior and on the spray shape transient development is experimentally investigated.Methods:In the research, a solenoid injector for light duty diesel engines is equipped with the novel nozzle prototype and tested. The prototype layout is described, pointing out the features of the nozzle orifices, in which a Slot cross-section is adopted; the investigation is accomplished extending the hydraulic tests and the spray visualizations to a reference nozzle with standard holes. The influence of the hole layout on the mechanical-hydraulic behavior of the nozzle is assessed by experimental analysis based on the rate of injection measurement, in comparison with the reference nozzle. Once the hydraulic behavior of the novel nozzle has been characterized in terms of mass flow rate, the slot influence on the spray shape is assessed analyzing the macroscopic features such as the penetration distance and the spray angle, in non evaporative conditions. The study is carried out under transient injection conditions, for different injection pressures, up to 1400 bar.Results:The results on spray characteristics also provide reference information to set up spray models suited to take the Slot orifice into account.

scholarly journals The Enhancement of Pre-Storage Filtration Efficiency for the Rainwater Harvesting System in Malaysia

2018 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 02015
Author(s):  
Yoong Sion Ong ◽  
Ken Sim Ong ◽  
Y.k. Tan ◽  
Azadeh Ghadimi
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Filtration Efficiency ◽  
High Flow ◽  
High Flow Rate ◽  
Water Tank ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Filter Screen ◽  
Water Piping

A conventional design of rainwater harvesting system collects and directs the rainwater through water piping from roof of building to the water storage. The filtration system which locates before the water tank storage and first flush bypass system is the main focus of the research. A filtration system consists of a control volume of filter compartment, filter screen (stainless steel mesh) and water piping that direct the water flow. The filtration efficiency of an existing filter “3P Volume Filter VF1” by industrial company is enhanced. A full scale filter design prototype with filter screen of 1000 μm stainless steel metal mesh is tested to compare with the original filter system design. Three types of water inlet setups are tested. Among the proposed water inlet setups, the 90° inlet setup with extension provides the best filtration rate per unit time, following by the 45° inlet setup. The 45° and 90° inlet setup has similar filtration efficiency at low to medium flow rate while 45° inlet setup has better efficiency at high flow rate. The filtration efficiency with the 90° inlet setup with extension is observed to maintain at highest value at medium to high flow rate. The overall filtration performance achieved by the 90° inlet setup with extension at low to high flow rate is between 34.1 to 35.7%.

scholarly journals Innovation and Entrepreneurship Education and Teaching Based on “Internet+” Research and Exploratio

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Hongyan Pei
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Entrepreneurship Education ◽  
Social Background ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
The State ◽  
Educational Goals ◽  
State Council ◽  
The Times ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Innovation And Entrepreneurship

<p>In order to promote mass entrepreneurship and innovation, the General Office of the State Council issued the implementation opinions on deepening innovation and entrepreneurship education reform in institutions of higher learning. According to the guidelines for innovation and entrepreneurship proposed by the State Council, colleges and universities should combine the entrepreneurial needs of students and the innovative needs of the society, set up educational goals around the orientation of running a school, and carry out educational reform activities with innovation and entrepreneurship as the theme. Based on the overall social background of "Interne+" and distinct characteristics of the times, this paper analyzes the problems existing in innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities, and explores effective strategies for implementing innovation and entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities.</p>

Predicting Adsorption Behavior in Engineered Floodplain Filtration System Using Backpropagation Neural Networks

2012 ◽  
pp. 179-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eldon R. Rene ◽  
Shishir Kumar Behera ◽  
Hung Suck Park
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Water Treatment Process ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Proper Training ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
The Times

Engineered floodplain filtration (EFF) system is an eco-friendly low-cost water treatment process wherein water contaminants can be removed, by adsorption and-or degraded by microorganisms, as the infiltrating water moves from the wastewater treatment plants to the rivers. An artificial neural network (ANN) based approach was used in this study to approximate and interpret the complex input/output relationships, essentially to understand the breakthrough times in EFF. The input parameters to the ANN model were inlet concentration of a pharmaceutical, ibuprofen (ppm) and flow rate (md– 1), and the output parameters were six concentration-time pairs (C, t). These C, t pairs were the times in the breakthrough profile, when 1%, 5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 95% of the pollutant was present at the outlet of the system. The most dependable condition for the network was selected by a trial and error approach and by estimating the determination coefficient (R2) value (>0.99) achieved during prediction of the testing set. The proposed ANN model for EFF operation could be used as a potential alternative for knowledge-based models through proper training and testing of variables.

Improving Teachers' Digital Competence to Bridge the Language Gap

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Manuela Caravello ◽  
Cristina A. Huertas-Abril ◽  
María Elena Gómez-Parra
Keyword(s):  
Flipped Classroom ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Digital Competence ◽  
Foreign Language Teachers ◽  
Digital Innovation ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Digital Skills ◽  
The Times ◽  
Set Up

This chapter aims to examine the digital skills that foreign language teachers must have in our global interconnected society and the ways in which they can acquire them. Pedagogical and digital innovation has been traveling along the same lines for some time. In recent years, however, in all fields of education—and more specifically in the didactic of foreign languages—several methods and techniques that increase the use of digital technology have been developed. Consequently, all teachers must keep up with the times. In this light, the objective of this chapter is to reflect on the pedagogical scenario that the digital age has set up, as well as on the ideal portrait that teachers must have. Then, the authors will focus on the specific digital skills that teachers who want to “flip” their teaching process should have: What are the basic knowledge and skills that a teacher must master if they wish to rethink their practices and embark on a flipped classroom approach?

Experimental study on the effect of pressure and flow rate on cavitation in a poppet throttle valve

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-636
Author(s):  
Jian Zhang ◽  
Tingting Luo
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Difference ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Speed Camera ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Experimental Support ◽  
Throttle Valve ◽  
Set Up

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the variation of cavitation scale with pressure and flow in poppet throttle valve, to obtain the cavitation scale under pressure and flow conditions and to provide experimental support for the research of suppressing throttle valve cavitation and cavitation theory. Design/methodology/approach A hydraulic cavitation platform was set up, a valve was manufactured with highly transparent PMMA material and a high-speed camera was used to observe the change in cavitation scale. Findings Through experiments, it is found that the pressure difference between inlet and outlet of throttle valve affects the cavitation scale, and the more the pressure difference is, the easier the cavitation will be formed. Under the condition of small pressure difference, the cavitation is not obvious and reducing the pressure difference can effectively suppress the cavitation; the flow rate also affects the cavitation scale, the smaller the flow rate, the more difficult the cavitation will be formed and the lower the flow rate, the more the cavitation will be suppressed. Research limitations/implications Because of the magnification factor of the high-speed camera lens, the morphology of smaller bubbles cannot be observed in this study, and the experimental conditions need to be improved in the follow-up study. Originality/value This study can provide experimental support for the study of throttle valve cavitation suppression methods and cavitation theory.

scholarly journals Volumetric flow rate in simulations of microfluidic devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 02046
Author(s):  
KristÍna Kovalčíková ◽  
Martin Slavík ◽  
Katarína Bachratá ◽  
Hynek Bachratý ◽  
Alžbeta Bohiniková
Keyword(s):  
External Force ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Fluid Velocity ◽  
Volumetric Flow Rate ◽  
Microfluidic Devices ◽  
Fixed Set ◽  
Volumetric Rate ◽  
Simulation Parameter ◽  
Set Up

In this work, we examine the volumetric flow rate of microfluidic devices. The volumetric flow rate is a parameter which is necessary to correctly set up a simulation of a real device and to check the conformity of a simulation and a laboratory experiments [1]. Instead of defining the volumetric rate at the beginning as a simulation parameter, a parameter of external force is set. The proposed hypothesis is that for a fixed set of other parameters (topology, viscosity of the liquid, …) the volumetric flow rate is linearly dependent on external force in typical ranges of fluid velocity used in our simulations. To confirm this linearity hypothesis and to find numerical limits of this approach, we test several values of the external force parameter. The tests are designed for three different topologies of simulation box and for various haematocrits. The topologies of the microfluidic devices are inspired by existing laboratory experiments [3 - 6]. The linear relationship between the external force and the volumetric flow rate is verified in orders of magnitudes similar to the values obtained from laboratory experiments.

Microwave-Induced Catalytic Removal of Hazardous Gases

2015 ◽  
Vol 1092-1093 ◽  
pp. 882-885
Author(s):  
Huan Zhou ◽  
Zhen Xing Cheng ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
Hong Peng Zhang ◽  
Hua Min Tang
Keyword(s):  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Microwave Field ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Catalyst Type ◽  
Hazardous Gases ◽  
Main Factors ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Catalytic Removal ◽  
Hazardous Gas

A microwave-induced catalytic removal device was designed and set up for studying removal of hazardous or toxic gas from contaminated air. Catalytic oxidative Removal ratios of several hazardous gases of VOCs, CO and H2under microwave field were tested. Results suggested that structure of hazardous gas and catalyst type were main factors affecting the removal efficiency of hazardous gas. Oxidative catalyst contributed to removal of reductive gas. In addition, the flow rate also affected the removal efficiency.

Investigations on the Damage Potential of Drilling Fluids: HT/HP-Return-Permeability Tests Under Dynamic Conditions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Freese
Keyword(s):  
Best Practice ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
German Society ◽  
Formation Damage ◽  
Drilling Fluids ◽  
Damage Potential ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Dynamic Conditions ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbons ◽  
Set Up

In view of the increasing scarcity of energy resources, wells are being drilled to progressively greater depths for the production of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons. Economical exploitation of these HT/HP reservoirs is possible only with the application of drilling and completion methods which do not damage the formation. Here, the reservoir-saving exposure of these deposits is an essential contribution. The damage potential of drilling fluids and treatment fluids is usually assessed on the basis of return permeability (RP) tests. An impairment of the effective rock permeability through appropriate candidate fluids (drill in fluids, etc.) can be measured with special laboratory tests. In addition to the RP-Tests further investigations should be made to estimate the formation damage such as high-resolution digital photography, mercury porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy as well as microsection analyses. Within the framework of the German Society for Petroleum and Coal Science and Technology a project was carried out to evaluate common formation damage test facilities and to define the “best practice” meeting the requirements of RP-measurements under borehole-like conditions. After a thorough evaluation an advanced HT/HP facility for formation damage testing was designed and built. By using of this set-up, systematic return-permeability tests were performed under dynamic conditions for temperatures up to 180 °C, for a flow pressure up to 250 bar, and a mantle pressure up to 350 bar. This paper presents results from a study on the filtration and formation damage behaviour of drilling fluids under variation of the concentration and of the weighting material particle size distribution. Furthermore, promising results from changing dynamic and static filtration experiments are discussed.

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