The Structure and Properties of Low Activation Ferritic / Martensitic Steels

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 1383-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Zhao ◽  
Kuibei Wan ◽  
Farong Wan ◽  
Yi Long ◽  
Yongli Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Structural Materials ◽  
Fusion Reactors ◽  
Metallurgical Process ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tensile Experiment

This paper reported the low activation martensitic steels which are being studied to develop the structural materials in fusion reactors. The steels were based on 9Cr1.5WVTa, but the effect of alloy elements was investigated by changing the amounts of alloy elements or adding other elements. The structure and properties of the steels were studied by tensile experiment, X-ray diffraction, SEM, TEM. Also the metallurgical process and heat treatment effect were discussed.

Preparation and Characterization of β-Eucryptite Glass Ceramics

2012 ◽  
Vol 624 ◽  
pp. 134-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Zhai ◽  
Xiao Feng Duan ◽  
Da Qian Chen ◽  
Chong Hai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Expansion Coefficient ◽  
Heat Treatment Temperature ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid Reaction ◽  
X Ray

In this paper, β-eucryptite glass ceramics were synthesized by using solid reaction method. Phase constitution, structure and properties of the material were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Furthermore, the effects of heat treatment temperature and preservation time on the thermal expansion coefficient were also analyzed. The results showed that the crystallization temperature of β-eucryptite glass ceramics was in the range of 810-860 °C and the content was more than 90%. With the increase of heat treatment temperature, the material expansion coefficient decreased.

Self-Healing Behavior of Pores in Atmosphere Plasma Sprayed Tritium Permeation Barrier Coatings

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jifeng Gao ◽  
Jinping Suo ◽  
Dan Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Martensitic Steels ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Tritium Permeation ◽  
Plasma Sprayed

Decrease of pores in tritium permeation barriers is one of the most important problems to be addressed for the proper functioning of the fusion reactor. In this paper, a self-healing composite coating composed of TiC+mixture (TiC/Al2O3) +Al2O3 was developed to solve this problem. The coating was deposited on martensitic steels by plasma spraying with a thickness of 100μm. After heat-treatment, the morphology and phase of the coating were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The corrosion resistance of the coating before and after heat treatment was examined by electrochemistry techniques. The results showed that the TiC+mixture (TiC/Al2O3)+Al2O3 coating exhibited good adhesion to the substrate and a perfect self-healing ability with the porosity decreased by 90% after heat-treatment. The corrosion resistance of the coating increased evidently after the heat treatment. The oxidation/expansion of TiC in the coating played an important role in the sealing of pores.

scholarly journals Heat Treatment Effect On Magnetic Properties Of Finemet-Type Films

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
E.A. Mikhalitsyna ◽  
V.A. Kataev ◽  
V.N. Lepalovskij ◽  
A. Larrañaga ◽  
A.S. Volegov
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

<p>A study of the heat treatment effect on the structure and magnetic properties of the amorphous and nanocrystalline Finemet-type thin films of the compositions Fe<sub>73.9</sub>Si<sub>13.2</sub>B<sub>8.9</sub>Nb<sub>3</sub>Cu<sub>1</sub> and Fe<sub>72.5</sub>Si<sub>14.2</sub>B<sub>8.7</sub>Nb<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>1.5</sub>Cu<sub>1.1</sub> were performed by means of X-ray diffraction, magneto-optical Kerr-microscopy, and magnetic properties measurement system. The heat treatment leads to magnetic anisotropy decreasing as a result of crystallization processes, which are heavily dependent on the alloy’s composition.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals X-ray Determination of Compressive Residual Stresses in Spring Steel Generated by High-Speed Water Quenching

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1154
Author(s):  
Diego E. Lozano ◽  
George E. Totten ◽  
Yaneth Bedolla-Gil ◽  
Martha Guerrero-Mata ◽  
Marcel Carpio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stresses ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spring Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Laboratory Equipment ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Water Chamber ◽  
Hardened Case ◽  
Compressive Residual Stresses

Automotive components manufacturers use the 5160 steel in leaf and coil springs. The industrial heat treatment process consists in austenitizing followed by the oil quenching and tempering process. Typically, compressive residual stresses are induced by shot peening on the surface of automotive springs to bestow compressive residual stresses that improve the fatigue resistance and increase the service life of the parts after heat treatment. In this work, a high-speed quenching was used to achieve compressive residual stresses on the surface of AISI/SAE 5160 steel samples by producing high thermal gradients and interrupting the cooling in order to generate a case-core microstructure. A special laboratory equipment was designed and built, which uses water as the quenching media in a high-speed water chamber. The severity of the cooling was characterized with embedded thermocouples to obtain the cooling curves at different depths from the surface. Samples were cooled for various times to produce different hardened case depths. The microstructure of specimens was observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to estimate the magnitude of residual stresses on the surface of the specimens. Compressive residual stresses at the surface and sub-surface of about −700 MPa were obtained.

Phase selection in precursor-derived yttrium aluminum garnet and related Al2O3–Y2O3 compositions

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashutosh S. Gandhi ◽  
Carlos G. Levi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Defect Structures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phase Selection ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum ◽  
Rich Side ◽  
Nitrate Solutions

Al2O3–Y2O3 powders were synthesized in the range of 25–55% Y2O3 by reverse coprecipitation of nitrate solutions. All starting powders were amorphous and formed primary yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) upon crystallization. X-ray diffraction detected only garnet in compositions of 30–40% Y2O3 after heat treatment at 1250 °C. Compositions of 45–55% Y2O3 established a metastable YAG + Y4Al2O9 microstructure. The YAG phase field was metastably extended away from its stoichiometry, as indicated by a systematic increase in lattice parameter with Y2O3 content. Although some Al2O3 enrichment was achieved, YAG appears to tolerate greater off-stoichiometry on the Y2O3-rich side. Possible defect structures accommodating the solubility extension were examined. Phase selection results indicate that compositional inhomogeneity is not the only reason behind the appearance of hexagonal YAlO3, which is frequently reported during YAG synthesis.

In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Crystallization Growth Behavior in ZnO-Bi2O3-B2O3 Glass as a Route to Functional Optical Devices

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (11) ◽  
pp. 563-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quentin Altemose ◽  
Katrina Raichle ◽  
Brittani Schnable ◽  
Casey Schwarz ◽  
Myungkoo Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Crystal Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
In Situ Xrd ◽  
Dsc Measurements ◽  
Transmission Window

ABSTRACTTransparent optical ZnO–Bi2O3–B2O3 (ZBB) glass-ceramics were created by the melt quenching technique. In this work, a melt of the glass containing stoichiometric ratios of Zn/Bi/B and As was studied. Differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) measurements was used to measure the thermal behavior. VIS/NIR transmission measurements were used to determine the transmission window. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to determine crystal phase. In this study, we explore new techniques and report a detailed study of in-situ XRD of the ZBB composition in order to correlate nucleation temperature, heat treatment temperature, and heat treatment duration with induced crystal phase.

TEM and X-Ray Examinations of Intermetallic Phases and Carbides Precipitation in an Fe-Ni Superalloy during Prolonged Ageing

2013 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Kazimierz J. Ducki ◽  
Jacek Mendala ◽  
Lilianna Wojtynek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Intermetallic Phase ◽  
Intermetallic Phases ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Secondary Phases ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid Samples ◽  
Structural Investigations ◽  
X Ray

The influence of prolonged ageing on the precipitation process of the secondary phases in an Fe-Ni superalloy of A-286 type has been studied. The samples were subjected to a solution heat treatment at 980°C for 2 h and water quenched, and then aged at temperatures of 715, 750 and 780°C at holding times from 0.5 to 500 h. Structural investigations were conducted using TEM and X-ray diffraction methods. The X-ray phase analyses performed on the isolates were obtained by anodic dissolution of the solid samples. After solution heat treatment the alloy has the structure of twinned austenite with a small amount of undissolved precipitates, such as carbide TiC, carbonitride TiC0.3N0.7, nitride TiN0.3, carbosulfide Ti4C2S2, Laves phase Ni2Si, and boride MoB. The application of ageing causes precipitation processes of γ-Ni3(Al,Ti), G (Ni16Ti6Si7), η (Ni3Ti), β (NiTi) and σ (Cr0.46Mo0.40Si0.14) intermetallic phases, as well as the carbide M23C6. It was found that the main phase precipitating during alloy ageing was the γ intermetallic phase.

Hardening of Selective Laser Melted M2 Steel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Yang ◽  
Yishu Zhang ◽  
Haoxing You ◽  
Richard Smith ◽  
Richard D. Sisson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
High Speed Steel ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Steel Part ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Near Net Shape

Abstract Selective laser melting (SLM) is an additive manufacturing technique that can be used to make the near-net-shape metal parts. M2 is a high-speed steel widely used in cutting tools, which is due to its high hardness of this steel. Conventionally, the hardening heat treatment process, including quenching and tempering, is conducted to achieve the high hardness for M2 wrought parts. It was debated if the hardening is needed for additively manufactured M2 parts. In the present work, the M2 steel part is fabricated by SLM. It is found that the hardness of as-fabricated M2 SLM parts is much lower than the hardened M2 wrought parts. The characterization was conducted including X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) to investigate the microstructure evolution of as-fabricated, quenched, and tempered M2 SLM part. The M2 wrought part was heat-treated simultaneously with the SLM part for comparison. It was found the hardness of M2 SLM part after heat treatment is increased and comparable to the wrought part. Both quenched and tempered M2 SLM and wrought parts have the same microstructure, while the size of the carbides in the wrought part is larger than that in the SLM part.

scholarly journals Synchrotron Nano-Diffraction Study of Thermally Treated Asbestos Tremolite from Val d’Ala, Turin (Italy)

Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlotta Giacobbe ◽  
Jonathan Wright ◽  
Dario Di Giuseppe ◽  
Alessandro Zoboli ◽  
Mauro Zapparoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Risk Management ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
X Rays ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Original Fibre

Nowadays, due to the adverse health effects associated with exposure to asbestos, its removal and thermal inertization has become one of the most promising ways for reducing waste risk management. Despite all the advances in structure analysis of fibers and characterization, some problems still remain that are very hard to solve. One challenge is the structure analysis of natural micro- and nano-crystalline samples, which do not form crystals large enough for single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), and their analysis is often hampered by reflection overlap and the coexistence of multiple fibres linked together. In this paper, we have used nano-focused synchrotron X-rays to refine the crystal structure of a micrometric tremolite fibres from Val d’Ala, Turin (Italy) after various heat treatment. The structure of the original fibre and after heating to 800 °C show minor differences, while the fibre that was heated at 1000 °C is recrystallized into pyroxene phases and cristobalite.

TIN ADDITION TO THE (Bi, Pb) 2223 SYSTEM

1994 ◽  
Vol 08 (19) ◽  
pp. 1175-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. RAVI CHANDRA ◽  
B. GOPALA KRISHNA ◽  
S. V. SURYANARAYANA ◽  
T. S. N. MURTHY
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Electrical Resistance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Ac Magnetic Susceptibility ◽  
Superconducting Properties ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Metallic Behavior ◽  
X Ray

The effect of the addition of Sn on the superconducting properties of the Bi 1.7 Pb 0.3 Sr 2 Ca 2 Cu 3 O y system as functions of Sn concentration and heat treatment has been studied by dc electrical resistance, ac magnetic susceptibility, and X-ray diffraction. Tin addition suppresses the volume fraction of the high T c phase. Samples with Sn > 0.1 show metallic behavior up to LNT. The formation of the Ca 2 PbO 4 phase is promoted by Sn. This depletes the amount of Pb and Ca necessary for the formation of the 2223 phase, thus reducing the volume fraction of the 2223 phase. It is possible that at least a small fraction of tin substitutes some of the cationic sites of the starting composition. The results of the different measurements are presented.

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