A Study to the Factors Influencing the Plants' Absorption of Heavy Metals

2013 ◽  
Vol 743-744 ◽  
pp. 491-497
Author(s):  
Jie Ying Huang ◽  
Xiao Chun Xu ◽  
Li Wei Chen ◽  
Yuan Xiang Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Structure ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adhesive Effect

In order to master the rule of heavy metals migration on the interface of tailings-plants and how matrix physicochemical characteristics change, pot experiment was conducted with/without soil, choosing PAM and EDTA as tailings modifiers, with/ without organic matter. The results showed that: the existence of soil inhibited the absorption of heavy metals, especially for Cu, to which significant inhibition effect has been achieved,join of EDTA and PAM could further restrained the leafy plants to absorb heavy metals. The experimental results also indicated that PAM had a significantly adhesive effect on soil particles than EDTA,improved the soil structure to a certain role,each matrix pH value varies between 7-8, and there are no significant difference between PAM and EDTA processing matrix.

scholarly journals Biological Control of Grape Crown Gall by Rahnella aquatilis HX2

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 957-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Chen ◽  
Y. B. Guo ◽  
J. H. Wang ◽  
J. Y. Li ◽  
H. M. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cell Suspension ◽  
Crown Gall ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Agrobacterium Vitis ◽  
Rahnella Aquatilis ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

Crown gall induced by Agrobacterium vitis is a worldwide plant disease in grape-growing regions. Rahnella aquatilis HX2, a new isolate from vineyard soil in Beijing, showed a significant inhibition effect on the development of crown galls in grapevines. In field trials, immersion of the basal ends of grape cuttings with HX2 cell suspension inhibited or completely prevented crown gall formation caused by A. vitis K308 in the roots of the plants from the cuttings. The 3-year average disease incidence in grape plants treated with HX2 was 30.8% compared to 93.5% in plants without HX2. The culture supernatant of HX2 exhibited a stronger inhibition effect on disease development than did the cell suspension. HX2 could be found in the grape rhizosphere, grown under field conditions, for up to 90 days after inoculation. There was no significant difference in the mean population sizes of root microflora between plants treated and not treated with HX2. The inhibition effect of HX2 on crown gall in sunflower, caused by different agrobacterial strains, varied between 30.7 and 100%, depending on strains. Our results showed that Rahnella aquatilis HX2 may be used as a biological control agent for crown gall disease of grapes.

scholarly journals Edible coating based on achira starch containing garlic/oregano oils to extend the shelf life of double cream cheese

2020 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 9099-9108 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junior B. Molina-Hernández ◽  
Andrés Echeverri Castro ◽  
Hugo A. Martinez-Correa ◽  
Margarita M. Andrade-Mahecha
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Physicochemical Characteristics ◽  
Edible Coatings ◽  
Antimicrobial Compounds ◽  
Cream Cheese ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fresh Products ◽  
Oregano Oil

Edible coatings provide food products with a barrier to gases and water vapor exchange; additionally, when complemented with antimicrobial agents, they can be suitable to extend food shelf life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of using edible coatings based on achira starch (Canna indica L.), microcrystalline cellulose, and natural antimicrobial compounds (garlic and oregano oils) on the quality of double cream cheese during storage at 5 °C for 42 days. The physicochemical characteristics of the cheeses, such as weight loss, hardness, water activity, and color, were evaluated on days 1, 8, 21, and 42. The microbiological analyses were carried out on days 1, 21, and 42, and the sensorial analysis on days 1 and 42. The coated cheese samples maintained the pH value of fresh products during storage, whereas the pH of the uncoated samples progressively decreased. No effect (P≥0.05) was observed at the different storage times on the weight and color of the coated samples, as compared to the control. The hardness of the coated samples was lower (50% for oregano oil treatment and 18% for garlic oil treatment) at the end of the storage, with a significant difference (P≤0.05) from the control. Additionally, the use of coatings containing garlic or oregano oil prevented the growth of pathogenic or contaminating microorganisms on the product during 42-day storage. The results indicated that the use of edible coatings incorporating garlic or oregano oil as antimicrobial compounds are an alternative to extend the shelf life of double cream cheese.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA AND DIFFERENT LEVEL OF CARBOHYDRATE SOURCES ADDITION ON TOFU WASTE INDUSTRY FERMENTATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Zaenal Bachruddin
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽  
Acid Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Lactic Acid Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference

A The purpose of this research was to figure out the affinity value of soluble carbohydrates from pollard with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and its effect on tofu waste silage. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolates used as inoculum were commerce LAB isolates (B13-1) and yolk LAB isolates (K6-3). The selected of LAB isolates used in the tofu waste silage were tofu waste (TW) and pollard (P) with different proportion (70:30), (60:40), and (55:45). The result showed that the addition of soluble carbohydrates sources in the tofu waste silage did not affect lactic acid and pH value. However LAB addition significantly increased lactic acid (P<0.05). The TW:P proportion (55:45) produced the highest lactic acid concentration with the value of 3.54%DM with pH value 3.90. Proportion of TW:P gave significantly different effect on dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) (P<0.01). Meanwhile, LAB addition presented significant difference in declining of dry matter percentage (P<0.01) but it showed non-significant effect on organic matter percentage from the tofu curd silage. It can be concluded that pollard addition with the value of 45% shows that tofu waste silage has the highest lactic acid concentration and ideal pH value.

scholarly journals Heavy metal and water quality at settling ponds of a post-mining area after reclamation and revegetation at Cibadak Sukabumi, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 624-628
Author(s):  
Muhammad Mujahid ◽  
Iis Diatin ◽  
Juang Rata Matangaran
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Total Organic Matter ◽  
High Iron Content ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Settling Pond ◽  
Settling Ponds

We analyzed the heavy metals and water quality of a post-mining area of ​​silica for material of cement factory. The research was located in the Cibadak district, Sukabumi West Java Indonesia. The water sampling method was carried out in two locations, namely a large settling pond and a small settling pond. Water quality parameters were analyzed such as pH, alkalinity, turbidity, total organic matter, and total ammonia nitrogen. The results showed that the water in both pond contents heavy metals. The heavy metals in the form were Mercury (Hg), Cadmium (Cd), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Arsen (As), Ferrum (Fe), and Cromium (Cr6+) in the both settling ponds. However, in small ponds there was a higher Fe value so the water is yellowish. There is a difference in acidity showed in the two ponds, pH 3-4 in the small pond and the large pond pH 7-8. Total organic matter was higher in large pond. Small settling pond has a very low pH value, so they are classified as acidic waters and contain high iron content so they cannot be used for human needs or aquatic life. Large settling ponds can still be used for aquaculture activities.

scholarly journals Majors soil classes of the metropolitan region of Curitiba (PR), Brazil: II - interaction of Pb with mineral and organic constituents

2007 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Christina Duarte Pires ◽  
Vander de Freitas Melo ◽  
Antônio Carlos Vargas Motta ◽  
Valmiqui Costa Lima
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Metropolitan Region ◽  
Maximum Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Leaching Potential ◽  
Ground Water Pollution ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Soil Constituents

The interaction between heavy metals and soil constituents is one of the most important factors influencing the potential for ground water pollution. To study Pb behavior, samples of soils were incubated with a salt solution containing this metal. The experimental units consisted of plastic bags, partially opened with 0.1 dm³ of soil with three replications. After incubation, samples were subjected to sequential and selective extractions. Lead retention, measured by the maximum adsorption capacity of the soil, was relatively high with values ranging from 6,439 to 22,148 mg kg-1. The sequential and selective extractions showed that Pb adsorption was stable where the metal was found mainly in organic matter, Fe and Al oxides, and residual forms (specific adsorption). The capacity of the soils to retain Pb, thereby increasing the leaching potential of the metal, was in the sequence of: Histosol - Oxisol - Inceptisol.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF GAS FLARING ON THE MICROBIAL AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF SOILS IN DELTA STATE

2021 ◽  
pp. e309
Author(s):  
Joseph Enuenwemba ◽  
Nduka Uraih ◽  
William Tanimowo ◽  
Hilda Emmanuel-Akerele
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Local Government ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Local Government Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
Gas Flaring ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

This study was carried out to determine the impact of gas flaring on microbial and physicochemical characteristics of soil around Ebedei and Kwale Flow Stations in Delta State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected around Ebedei, in Ukwuani local government area, and Kwale, in Ndokwe West local government area both in Delta State, as well as in their environs. While the soil samples were collected for the analysis of physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil. The highest concentration of the heavy metals was obtained at 10m away from the flaring sites (P < 0.05). In both Ebedei and Kwale, the Fe concentration is significantly higher (1080.33 and 1080.68 mg/kg, respectively) that the other two heavy metals. However, there was a significant difference in the concentration of Zn between Ebedei and Kwale (P < 0.05). In both Ebedei and Kwale, the ECEC concentration is significantly higher (8.16 and 6.57 meq/100g, respectively) that the other chemical parameters. The physicochemical properties were similar at the different distances away from gas flaring sites (P> 0.05). EC decreased from 119.12µs/cm (at 10m) to 50.4 (at 100m) and then to 44.37 (at 200m). pH value remained acidic ranging from 4.97 (at 10m) to 5.9 (at 200m); moisture content ranged from 3.25% (at 10m) to 5.89% (at 200m); organic matter ranged from 1.07% (at 10m) to 1.61 % (at 200m); NO3 reduced sharply from 10.35 mg/kg (at 10m) to 3.92mg/kg (at 100m) and then to 2.4mg/kg (at 200m); phosphate dropped from 0.91mg/kg at (at 10m) to 0.95mg/kg (at 100m) to 0.42mg/kg (at 200m). There was a significant difference in the amount of some physicochemical properties in the soil samples collected from the gas flaring areas in Ebedei and Kwale (P<0.05). Ebedei, Kwale and environs constitute part of the most vegetative and productive areas of the Niger Delta region, these areas are also rich in several pharmacological properties and water resources. The Government should ensure the enforcement of laws aimed at minimizing the amount of gas flared into the atmosphere. Urgent efforts should be geared at cushioning the effect of gas flaring on the communities affected, probably by compensating them or, by relocating them to a more environmental friendly settlement with compensations.

scholarly journals The content of selected heavy metals and their bioavailable fraction in sediments of Solina Reservoir (Poland)

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00143
Author(s):  
Dorota Piwińska ◽  
Renata Gruca–Rokosz
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Aquatic Ecosystem ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Secondary Pollution ◽  
Bioavailable Fraction ◽  
Exchangeable Fraction

Research on sediments of Solina Reservoir, Poland, were characterized by a content of copper higher than other heavy metals (Cr, Ni, Cd and Zn). The strongest correlations between pairs of heavy metals were Zn–Cu and Ni–Cr, were revealed while there was also a correlation between total contents of chromium and nickel, and between pH value and sediment percentage of organic matter. The content of copper at levels exceeding the geochemical background (more than 20–fold), sediments could only by classified as of the 3rd purity class (according to the PIG criterion) or the 5th purity class (according to Müller’s classification). Ecotoxicological criteria indicate that levels of chromium, copper, nickel and cadmium are all high enough to affect aquatic life. However, the heavy metals analyzed differ in their mobility and bioavailability. The highest percentage value for the ion–exchangeable fraction was noted for cadmium, the lowest for chromium. This means that sediments have a greater capacity to release cadmium into the water column, with the consequence being secondary pollution source for the aquatic ecosystem.

Sources of lanthanides in soils and estimation of their hazards

2021 ◽  
pp. geochem2021-024
Author(s):  
Yuriy Vodyanitskii ◽  
Tatiana Minkina ◽  
Tatiana Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Maximum Permissible Concentration ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Mine Waste ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Standard Soil ◽  
Low Levels

In recent years, an increase in the input of lanthanides (Ln), an important group of heavy metals (HMs), has been observed in the environment throughout the world (in particular soil). Anthropogenic Ln sources are mainly connected to phosphogypsum, Ln-bearing microfertilizer and micronutrients, and mine waste. Therefore, assessment of hazards associated with the presence of Ln in the soil is an urgent issue. Hazardousness, depending strongly upon the buffer capacity of a specified soil, is determined by the organic matter content, the pH value and other soil properties. For a standard soil (containing 10% organic matter and 25% clay), the discrepancy of the hazardousness of HMs can be estimated based on the maximum permissible concentration (MPC) values proposed by ecologists in the Netherlands. Low levels of Ln contamination in the soil are found, making it possible to classify them in the group of moderately and weakly acting pollutants. The MPC value proposed for cerium (Ce) in the standard soil is 44 mg/kg. Approximate MPC values for several other lanthanides (Ln, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd and Dy) in soils were proposed based on MPC values for freshwater sediments in the Netherlands. According to the MPC value, Ln falls into the group of moderate- and low-hazardous heavy metals.

The impact of urban effluents on the coastal marine environment of Mediterranean islands

1995 ◽  
Vol 32 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 85-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael O. Angelidis
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Marine Environment ◽  
Suspended Particle ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Mediterranean Islands ◽  
Coastal Marine Environment ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The impact of the urban effluents of Mytilene (Lesvos island, Greece) on the receiving coastal marine environment, was evaluated by studying the quality of the city effluents (BOD5, COD, SS, heavy metals) and the marine sediments (grain size, organic matter, heavy metals). It was found that the urban effluents of Mytilene contain high organic matter and suspended particle load because of septage discharge into the sewerage network. Furthermore, although the city does not host important industrial activity, its effluents contain appreciable metal load, which is mainly associated with the particulate phase. The city effluents are discharged into the coastal marine environment and their colloidal and particulate matter after flocculation settles to the bottom, where is incorporated into the sediments. Over the years, the accumulation of organic matter and metals into the harbour mud has created a non-point pollution source in the relatively non-polluted coastal marine environment of the island. Copper and Zn were the metals which presented the higher enrichment in the sediments of the inner harbour of Mytilene.

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