Precipitation Behaviour and Mechanical Properties during Short-Term Heat Treatment for Tailor Heat Treated Profiles (THTP) of Aluminium Alloy 6060 T4

2016 ◽  
Vol 877 ◽  
pp. 400-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Fröck ◽  
Matthias Graser ◽  
Benjamin Milkereit ◽  
Michael Reich ◽  
Michael Lechner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Precipitation Behaviour ◽  
Dissolution And Precipitation

Precipitation hardening aluminium alloys are widely used for automotive applications. To enhance the application of aluminium profiles, improved formability is needed. Tailor Heat Treated Profiles (THTP) with locally different material properties attempt to increase formability e.g. in bending processes. Tailoring of local properties is obtained by a local short-term heat treatment, dissolving the initial precipitate state (retrogression) and still allowing subsequent ageing. In the present study, the dissolution and precipitation behaviour of the aluminium alloy EN AW-6060 T4 was investigated during heating with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Heating curves from 20 to 600 °C with heating rates of 0.01 up to 5 K/s were recorded. Interrupted heat treatments with different maximum temperatures were performed in a deformation dilatometer. Immediately afterwards, tensile tests were carried out at room temperature. The course of the recorded mechanical properties as a function of the maximum temperature is discussed with regard to the dissolution and precipitation behaviour during heating. Finally, the aging behaviour of the investigated alloy was recorded after different typical short-term heat treatments and is discussed with reference to the DSC‐curves. The correlation of the microstructure and the mechanical properties enables the derivation of optimal parameters for the development of THTP through a local softening.

Application of Tailored Heat Treated Blanks under Quasi Series Conditions

2007 ◽  
Vol 344 ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Uwe Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Local Heat ◽  
Strength Distribution ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Impact

Tailored Heat Treated Blanks (THTB) are blanks that exhibit locally different strength specifically optimized for the succeeding forming process. The strength distribution is set by a local, short-term heat treatment modifying the mechanical properties of the material. Hence, THTB allow enhancing forming limits significantly leading to shorter and more robust manufacture process chains. In order to qualify the use of THTB under quasi series conditions, the interdependencies of the blank’s local heat treatment and the entire process chain of the car body manufacture have to be analyzed. In this respect, the impact of a short-term heat treatment on the mechanical properties of AA6181PX, a commonly used aluminum alloy in today’s car bodies, was studied. Also the influence of a short-term heat treatment on the coil lubricant, usually already applied by the material supplier, was given a closer look. Based on these experiments process restrictions for the application of THTB in an industrial automotive environment were derived and a process window for the THTB design was set up. In conclusion, strategies were defined how to enhance the found process boundaries leading to a more robust process window.

scholarly journals Electron Beam Melting of Ti-6Al-4V Lattice Structures; Correlation between Post Heat Treatment and Mechanical Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Del Guercio ◽  
Manuela Galati ◽  
Abdollah Saboori
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aided Design

Abstract Additive Manufacturing processes are considered advanced manufacturing methods. It would be possible to produce complex shape components from a Computer-Aided Design model in a layer-by-layer manner. Lattice structures as one of the complex geometries could attract lots of attention for both medical and industrial applications. In these structures, besides cell size and cell type, the microstructure of lattice structures can play a key role in these structures' mechanical performance. On the other hand, heat treatment has a significant influence on the mechanical properties of the material. Therefore, in this work, the effect of the heat treatments on the microstructure and mechanical behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V lattice structures manufactured by EBM was analyzed. The main mechanical properties were compared with the Ashby and Gibson model. It is very interesting to notice that a more homogeneous failure mode was found for the heat-treated samples. The structures' relative density was the main factor influencing their mechanical performance of the heat-treated samples. It is also found that the heat treatments were able to preserve the stiffness and the compressive strength of the lattice structures. Besides, an increment of both the elongation at failure and the absorbed energy was obtained after the heat treatments. Microstructure analysis of the heat-treated samples confirms the increment of ductility of the heat-treated samples with respect to the as-built one.

scholarly journals A Phenomenological Mechanical Material Model for Precipitation Hardening Aluminium Alloys

Metals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannes Fröck ◽  
Lukas Vincent Kappis ◽  
Michael Reich ◽  
Olaf Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Phase Transformation ◽  
Aluminium Alloys ◽  
Material Model ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Finite Element Software ◽  
Welding Processes

Age hardening aluminium alloys obtain their strength by forming precipitates. This precipitation-hardened state is often the initial condition for short-term heat treatments, like welding processes or local laser heat treatment to produce tailored heat-treated profiles (THTP). During these heat treatments, the strength-increasing precipitates are dissolved depending on the maximum temperature and the material is softened in these areas. Depending on the temperature path, the mechanical properties differ between heating and cooling at the same temperature. To model this behavior, a phenomenological material model was developed based on the dissolution characteristics and experimental flow curves were developed depending on the current temperature and the maximum temperature. The dissolution characteristics were analyzed by calorimetry. The mechanical properties at different temperatures and peak temperatures were recorded by thermomechanical analysis. The usual phase transformation equations in the Finite Element Method (FEM) code, which were developed for phase transformation in steels, were used to develop a phenomenological model for the mechanical properties as a function of the relevant heat treatment parameters. This material model was implemented for aluminium alloy 6060 T4 in the finite element software LS-DYNA (Livermore Software Technology Corporation).

The Effect of Heat Treatment on Fatigue and Mechanical Properties of 6061 Aluminium Alloy

2014 ◽  
Vol 699 ◽  
pp. 227-232
Author(s):  
Nurulhilmi Zaiedah Nasir ◽  
Mohd Ahadlin Mohd Daud ◽  
Mohd Zulkefli Selamat ◽  
Ahmad Rivai ◽  
Sivakumar Dhar Malingam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Hardness Measurement ◽  
Hardness Tester ◽  
Quenching Media ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
6061 Aluminium Alloy

This paper investigated the effect of heat treatment on mechanical properties and microstructure of 6061 aluminium alloy. The aluminium alloys were examined in the heat treated conditions, using different quenching media, water and oil. The alloy was solution heat treated at temperature of 529oC for one, three and five hour respectively. Aging treatment was carried out at temperature of 160oC which is assumed to be the best temperature for ageing process. Hardness measurement was carried out using a Brinell Hardness Tester Machine. The results shows hardness and impact strength are inversely proportional to each other, as the hardness of 6061 aluminium alloy decreases and impact strength increases.

Experimental Investigation of Heat-Treated Aluminum Profiles

2015 ◽  
Vol 651-653 ◽  
pp. 59-64
Author(s):  
Marion Merklein ◽  
Matthias Graser ◽  
Michael Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Material Flow ◽  
Material Characterization ◽  
Process Window ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Property Distribution ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aluminum Profiles

Tailor Heat Treated Profiles (THTP) are profiles that exhibit local different mechanical properties optimized for a subsequent forming operation. The property distribution is realized by short term heat treatment before a forming operation. Based on the interaction of soft and hard areas the material flow can be improved and the formability can be enhanced. Prerequisite for a successful application of the technology is a comprehensive material characterization. Therefore, within this paper the influence of short term heat treatment on the mechanical properties of profiles will be presented. In particular, different heating technologies based on heat conduction and laser radiation are compared. Based on the results, a process window will be derived. All investigations were performed using the precipitation hardenable aluminum alloy EN AW 6060.

Heat Treatment Variability Effects on the Mechanical Properties of Beta Solution Treated Ti-6Al-4V

2010 ◽  
Vol 638-642 ◽  
pp. 401-406
Author(s):  
J.R. Calcaterra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Work Piece ◽  
Fatigue Crack Growth Resistance ◽  
Heat Treated

Beta solution heat treatment is used to increase the fatigue crack growth resistance of Ti-6AL-4V. Unfortunately, the beta solution heat treatment is very sensitive to maximum temperature, time at temperature and cooling rate. In order to determine the effect of these parameters on mechanical properties, several different titanium billets and forgings were heat treated at various times and temperatures. The forgings had differing amounts of work, reflecting the potential for thermomechanical processing differences seen in a die forged component. Fracture toughness and tensile tests were conducted on the billets and forgings. In addition, sections of each work piece were excised and examined microscopically. The results from the study indicate there is a significant effect of heat treatment on thicker section components. In these cases, grains near the surface may grow large, while being barely transformed near the center. The change in microstructure has an effect on mechanical properties. Material with the larger grains tends to have worse ductility, while the fracture toughness properties of the material tend to decrease with grain size.

Effect of Heat Treatment Combined with High Pressure Torsion Process on Microstructure and Hardness of AlMg5Si2Mn Alloy

2018 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
Przemysław Snopiński ◽  
Tomasz Tański
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Potential Application ◽  
High Pressure Torsion ◽  
Die Casting ◽  
Casting Alloy ◽  
Heat Treated

This study evaluated the effect of a heat treatment on the potential application of AlMg5Si2Mn die casting alloy as a substitute for wrought aluminium alloy products. The proposed heat treatment was intended to increase the workability of the AlMg5Si2Mn alloy, which is typically not malleable due to the presence of interconnected brittle phases. By disintegrating interconnected eutectic Mg2Si phases into fragmented particles and dissolving Mg-rich phases the workability was increased. Subsequently, heat treated samples were subjected to high-pressure torsion process. The microstructure of the heat treated and deformed samples were characterized using light and electron microscope. Hardness measurements were used to investigate the influence the number of HPT revolutions on mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Effect of welding and heat treatment on the properties of UHSS used in automotive industry

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 ◽  
pp. 05015
Author(s):  
Gulshan Noorsumar ◽  
Dmitry Vysochinskiy ◽  
Even Englund ◽  
Kjell G. Robbersmyr ◽  
Svitlana Rogovchenko
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Automotive Industry ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Inert Gas ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Ultra High Strength Steel ◽  
Metal Inert Gas Welding

This paper deals with the undesired effects of the heat treatments on the mechanical properties of (UHSS) Ultra High Strength Steel used nowadays in automotive industry to improve crashworthiness performance of vehicles. The UHSS specimens were extracted from certain parts of the car body and subjected to different heat treatments. Four types of specimens were tested: untreated, welded with metal inert gas welding, heat treated at 800 °C, and heat treated at 1250 °C. All heat-treated specimens showed dramatically reduced values of strength. The results suggest that it is important to follow the official repair manuals avoiding unnecessary welding and improper heat treatments of UHSS. The experiments provide the data necessary for constructing a constitutive model and performing a finite-element analysis of improperly repaired UHSS parts.

scholarly journals An Investigation into Mechanical Properties of Ductile Cast Iron with Different Heat Treatment Processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-187
Author(s):  
Romany R. Moussa ◽  
Amer E. Ali ◽  
Ragab K. Abdel-Magied ◽  
Mohamed N. Elshiekh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Cast Iron ◽  
Wear Rate ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Heat Treatments ◽  
Ductile Cast Iron ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Heat Treated

The mechanical properties as well as microstructure of the ductile cast iron (DCI) are most likely affected by heat treatments. In this work, the mechanical properties of different heat treated of DCI alloy were investigated. Two heat treatment (HT) processes were conducted for DCI; austempering and quenching followed by lower tempering. The melted alloy of DCI was poured in Y-block, from which the specimens of the mechanical tests were prepared. Experimental tests were carried out to investigate the effect of these HT processes on the mechanical properties. A comparison between mechanical properties due to HT and as cast DCI are presented and discussed. The results showed that there is a difference in microstructure, homogeneity, wear rate and compression of DCI based on the conducted heat treatment.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF THE HEAT TREATMENT ON THE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF 6201 ALUMINIUM ALLOY WIRE

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (3A) ◽  
pp. 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh Cong Huynh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminium Alloy ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Machine Model ◽  
Tensile Testing Machine ◽  
Alloy Wire ◽  
Heat Treated

Type 6201 aluminium alloy wires are produced by drawing 4.7 mm diameter billet-on-billet extruded redraw rod down to 2.7 mm diameter wires. Before drawing, the first group of redraw rod coils was annealed at 480oC for 4 hours to reduce the hardness of the redraw rod. The second group of redraw rod coils was drawn without annealing. With each group of redraw rod, after drawing, some wire coils were solution heat treated, then artificially aged or naturally aged. The other wire coils were artificially aged or naturally aged without solution heat treatment. Mechanical properties of the wires were assessed by a tensile testing machine (model UTM-1000)With suitable aging temperature and aging time, wires produced from each group of redraw rod coils with or without solution heat treatment attain tensile requirements of ASTM B398, but wires produced with solution heat treatment attain higher elongation than wires produced without solution heat treatment.

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