Study on Formalization of Oil Palm Trunk Modified by Melamine Formaldehyde

2019 ◽  
Vol 966 ◽  
pp. 151-156
Author(s):  
Tetti Novalina Manik ◽  
Mashuri ◽  
Darminto
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Melamine Formaldehyde ◽  
Wave Numbers ◽  
Alkaline Conditions

The structure, composition and water content of a oil palm wood influence its dynamic mechanical properties. These are very important to study in relation to wood applications. The quality of oil palm wood can be improved through formalization treatment in acid and alkaline conditions and then impregnated by melamine formaldehyde. Variation of formalization time and curing temperature after impregnation on specimens were investigated. Based on physical properties and FTIR characterizations, the formalization time of both acidic and alkaline conditions with the melamine formaldehyde impregnation treatment, showed improving in physical properties of the samples after treatment and this is also indicated with a shift in wave numbers and emergenced a new functional group on FTIR spectra of the samples. The curing temperature has also led to increase density and decrease water content of the specimen, so therefore revealing a decrease of the hygroscopicity of wood.

scholarly journals Lost Circulation Effect of Bagasse, Coconut Fibers, Banana Tree Bark and Sawdust on Cement Grade G Characteristics

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Renjaan ◽  
Sugiatmo Kasmungin ◽  
Abdul Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Free Water ◽  
Tree Bark ◽  
Lost Circulation ◽  
Banana Tree ◽  
Free Water Content ◽  
Coconut Fibre ◽  
Coconut Fibers

<p>The quality of cement is very important because it will greatly help the production well activities especially to make the construction of wells can last long. In this study the influence of lost circulation material (LCM) was analyzed, such as Bagasse, Coconut Fibers, Banana Tree Bark and Sawdust on the physical properties of G-class cement such as rheology, density, free water content, thickening time, and compressive strength. This research was conducted in the laboratory by varying the percentage of LCM from 0% to 6% and temperature from 95oF to 200oF. From this research, it can be known <br />that the addition of LCM can change the physical properties of cement. The highest increase of plastic viscosity (PV) and yield point (YP) values was occurred at 6% concentration of Bagasse, Coconut Fibers, Banana Tree Bark and Sawdust that was 105 cp – 92 lbs/100ft2, 105 cp – 90 lbs/100ft2, 90 cp – 110 lbs/100ft2, and 95 cp – 110 lbs/ft2. The longest thickening time was occurred at 6% concentration of Bagasse, Coconut Fibers, Banana Tree Bark and Sawdust with a soaking temperature of 200 oF which that was 65 minutes, 60 minutes, 66 minutes, and 63 minutes. The highest reduction of density <br />value occured at 6% concentration of Bagasse, Coconut Fibers, Banana Tree Bark and Sawdust that was 15.0 ppg, 15.2 ppg, 15.2 ppg and 15.0 ppg. The decrease in the highest free water content value occurs with the addition of 6% in each type of LCM, namely 0.9 ml, 0.95 ml, 0.9 ml and 1 ml. The increase in the strong press rate occurs in the addition of 1% sugar cane, which is 2838 psi; 1% Coconut fibre is 2926 psi, 0.5% of the banana tree bark is 3080 psi and 1% of sawdust is 2728 psi all at 200 º temperature.</p>

Functional Finishing of Cotton and Polyester/Cotton Fabrics with a Fluorine-Containing Water and Oil Repellent

2012 ◽  
Vol 268-270 ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Curing Temperature ◽  
Finishing Process ◽  
Oil Repellent ◽  
Inherent Quality ◽  
Low Dosage

The application of a fluorine-containing water and oil repellent to cotton and polyester/cotton fabrics was investigated. The influence of dosage of the water and oil repellent, curing temperature and time, and pH of application on water and oil repellencies was discussed to determine the optimized finishing process. In addition, some physical properties of finished fabrics were tested. The results showed that the two fabrics finished with the fluorine-containing water and oil repellent at a low dosage exhibited good water and oil repellencies, and the inherent quality of the fabrics had not been adversely affected.

scholarly journals KARAKTERISTIK PASTA BAWANG MERAH (Allium ascalonicum L.) BERDASARKAN PERBEDAAN SISTEM EMULSI

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Anni Nuraisyah ◽  
Wawat Rodiahwati ◽  
Rhestu Isworo Isworo ◽  
Mikhratunnisa
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Stirring Time ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

Bima Regency has great potential in producing shallots (Alliumascalonicum L.) because it can be planted throughout the year so that the production is abundantRed onion. Onion processing aims to maintain agesave and the quality of the onion. This study compared the characteristics of the pastashallots with two different emulsifying systems. Use of an emulsion systemthe right one affects the quality of the shallot paste. The research was conducted in a scalelaboratory using a completely randomized design (CRD) with two treatments andthree replications, the first treatment was addition of shortening with lecithin, andthe second treatment adding starch with oil palm. Characteristics of onion pastered that want to be investigated are water content (AOAC 2005), protein content (AOAC, 2005) andfat content (AOAC, 2005). The test results of shallot paste show thatThe addition of CMC 0.3% for 7 minutes had the lowest water content (44.11%).While the addition of 6% lecithin 4 minutes has a higher water contentcompared to other treatments (51.27%). The highest protein content is found intreatment with the addition of CMC 0.3% 7 minutes is 3.05%. while lowest onlecithin addition treatment 6% 4 minutes is 2.63%. Fat content of shallot pasteThe highest was the treatment with the addition of CMC by 0.3% with timestirring 7 minutes (0.89%), while the lowest was found in treatment withaddition of 6% lecithin with a stirring time of 4 minutes (0.82%).

scholarly journals Physical properties and cooking quality of extruded restructured rice: impact of water temperature and water level

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 1616-1622
Author(s):  
D.G. Patria ◽  
A. Sutrisno ◽  
J.-L. Hsu ◽  
J. Lin
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Cooking Quality ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Absorption Index ◽  
Cooking Time ◽  
Milled Rice ◽  
Staple Foods ◽  
Rice Water

Rice is the main food for approximately 3.5 billion people worldwide, especially in Asians, who have consumed more than 90% of the total rice produced. Restructured rice is another designation of artificial rice is an effort to diversify staple foods processed from carbohydrate-based raw materials with the addition of certain substances to improve the quality of staple foods. Restructured rice can be done with several techniques, such as using extrusion. This study aimed to investigate the effect water content (35%, 37.5%, 40%, 42.5%, and 45%) and temperature (100oC and 26oC) on the surface and characteristics of restructured rice using a pasta extruder. Results of this study showed the treatment with water content 40% and temperature 100oC to be the best, more precisely seen from the results of laser microscope, color, WAI, WSI, WAR, Cooking losses, and cooking time. Pores and surfaces of restructured rice are almost the same as milled rice. Water absorption index (WAI) value = 2.273±0.10 g/g, WSI = 2.114±0.11%, WAR = 150.99±0.77%, CL = 1.92±0.10% and cooking time 4 mins. Suggestions for this research are further studies such as fortification with other ingredients using a pasta extruder technology and are expected to be implemented and commercialized.

scholarly journals Metode Pengeringan Sari Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Bubuk Sari Pandan

2022 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Nurwanto Nurwanto
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Spray Drying ◽  
Vacuum Drying ◽  
Powder Form ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Pandanus Amaryllifolius

Sari pandan merupakan hasil ekstraksi daun pandan. Sari pandan siap pakai yang beredar di Indonesia mayoritas berbentuk pasta, yang memiliki beberapa kelemahan, diantaranya mudah rusak, lengket, dan susah ditakar. Pembuatan sari pandan dalam bentuk bubuk diharapkan dapat meningkatkan mutu sari pandan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengeringan spray drying dan pengeringan vakum. Pengujian kadar air menunjukkan bahwa sari pandan yang dibuat dengan metode spray drying memiliki kadar air yang lebih rendah daripada metode pengeringan vakum. Pengamatan sifat fisik sari pandan dalam kondisi siap pakai menunjukkan bahwa metode spray drying menghasilkan warna dan aroma sari pandan yang lebih kuat daripada metode pengeringan vakum. Uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa panelis lebih menyukai warna dan aroma sari pandan yang dibuat dengan metode spray drying. Pandan extracts is made from pandan leaves. The majority of ready-to-use pandan extracts in Indonesia are in the form of pasta which has several disadvantages, including perishable, sticky, and hard to be measured. Pandan extract in powder form is expected to improve the quality of the pandan extract. The method used in this study are spray drying and vacuum drying. Water content analysis shows that pandan extract made by spray drying method has a lower moisture content than the vacuum drying method. Observation of the physical properties of pandan extract in ready-to-use form showed that the spray drying method produced stronger color and aroma than the vacuum drying  method. Organoleptic tests showed that panelists preferred the color and aroma of pandan extract made using the spray drying method.

Pengaruh Tekanan dan Penggunaan Conplast terhadap Sifat Mekanik Eternit dari Abu Cangkang Sawit

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 47-54
Author(s):  
Haspiadi Haspiadi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Palm Shell ◽  
Oil Palm Shell ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Test Result

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of pressure and use of conplast against mechanical properties which are a Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of plasterboard. The study is done because still low quality of plasterboard made from a mixture of ashes of oil-palm shell especially of the mechanical properties compared to the controls. The method of this reserach used variation of printed pressure and the addition of conplast. Test result is obtained that the highest value of Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) 90875.94 Kg/cm2, Modulus of Rupture (MOR) 61.16 Kg/cm2 and density values in generally good printed at the pressure 60 g/cm3 and the addition of conplast 25% as well as the composition of the ash of palm shell oil 40%: limestone 40%: cement 15%: fiber 5% and 300 mL of water. ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tekanan dan penggunaan conplast terhadap sifat mekanik yaitu kuat lentur dan keteguhan patah eternit berbahan dasar abu cangkang sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena masi rendahnya mutu eternit berbahan campuran abu cangkang sawit dari bolier khususnya sifat mekanik dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan variasi tekanan cetak dan penambahan conplast. Hasil uji diperoleh bahwa kuat lentur tertinggi sebesar 90875,94 Kg/cm2 dan keteguhan patah sebesar 61,16 Kg/cm2, yang dicetak pada tekanan 60 g/cm3 dan penambahan conplast 25% dengan komposisi  abu cangkang sawit 40 %: kapur 40 % : semen 15 %: serat 5 % dan air 300 mL.Kata Kunci :  Abu cangkang sawit, conplast, kuat lentur, keteguhan patah.

Pengaruh Penambahan Air pada Pengolahan Susu Kedelai

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-13
Author(s):  
Priscillia Picauly ◽  
Josefina Talahatu ◽  
Meitycorfrida Mailoa
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Soya Milk ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Soybean Extract ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Water Ratio

Soybean (Glycine max (L) Merr) is needed as an alternative diversification in order to increase protein consumption. Soybean can be processed into variety of foods and drinks. The most popular drink from soybean is soya milk which is made from soybean extract yielded from the addition of water. The amount of water added determine the quality of soya milk due to its effect on the chemical and physical properties of soya milk. This research was intended to find out the proper ratio of soybean and water in the processing of soya milk to yield the best quality. A completely randomized design was used with eight treatments of soybean and water ratio as follows, ratio of 1 : 6, ratio of 1 : 8, ratio of 1 : 10, ratio of 1 : 12, ratio of 1 : 14, ratio of 1 : 16, ratio of 1 : 18 and ratio of 1 : 20. Result showed the soybean and water ratio 1 : 10 in the processing of soya milk yielded milk having good quality according to its chemical with protein content of 2.53%, fat of 1.20%, sugar total of 1.60%, pH of 7.1, and organoleptic characteristies of both somewhat sweet taste and viscous texture.

STUDY ON PHYSICAL AND SENSORICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLESH RESTRUCTURED WITH SAGO CATFISH JERKY

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-64
Author(s):  
Amir Jayani ◽  
Zulman Efendi ◽  
Devi Silsia
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Organoleptic Test ◽  
Significant Difference

This study aims to gain influence the thickness and concentration variations affect the characteristics of sago binder physical properties of catfish jerky. As well as getting influence the thickness and concentration variations affect the level of binder sago joy panelists in terms of organoleptic test. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance using the Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA). If there is a significant difference followed by a further test of DMRT 5% level (physical properties). While the hedonic test performed using Kruskal Wallis analysis. Results uniformity analysis (ANOVA) showed catfish fillet thickness and concentration of sago affect the physical properties of the water content and the level of violence. Where catfish jerky using sago binder 5% and 10% significantly different. The use of sago binder 5% and 10% led to an increase in water content. Besides the addition of the binder resulted in increasing levels of violence catfish jerky. Based on the statistics found that the influence of the thickness and concentration of the binder sago aroma, flavor and color of the sixth jerky catfish were not significantly different. But the texture was significantly different.

1,3-Thiazolidin-4-ones: Biological Potential, History, Synthetic Development and Green Methodologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1123
Author(s):  
Jonas da Silva Santos ◽  
Joel Jones Junior ◽  
Flavia M. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Structural Theory ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Over Time

Background: We present here the synthesis of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (1) and its functionalised analogues, such as the classical isosteres, glitazone (1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione) (2), rhodanine (2-thioxo-1,3- thiazolidin-4-one) (3) and pseudothiohydantoin (2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one) (4) started in the midnineteenth century to the present day (1865-2018). Objective: The review focuses on the differences in the representation of the molecular structures discussed here over time since the first discussions about the structural theory by Kekulé, Couper and Butlerov. Moreover, advanced synthesis methodologies have been developed for obtaining these functional group, including green chemistry. We discuss about its structure and stability and we show the great biological potential. Conclusion: The 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one nucleus and functionalised analogues such as glitazones (1,3- thiazolidine-2,4-diones), rhodanines (2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones) and pseudothiohydantoins (2-imino-1,3- thiazolidine-2-4-ones) have great pharmacological importance, and they are already found in commercial pharmaceuticals. Studies indicate a promising future in the area of medicinal chemistry with potential activities against different diseases. The synthesis of these nuclei started in the mid-nineteenth century (1865), with the first discussions about the structural theory by Kekulé, Couper and Butlerov. The present study has demonstrated the differences in the representations of the molecular structures discussed here over time. Since then, various synthetic methodologies have been developed for obtaining these nuclei, and several studies on their structural and biological properties have been performed. Different studies with regards to the green synthesis of these compounds were also presented here. This is the result of the process of environmental awareness. Additionally, the planet Earth is already showing clear signs of depletion, which is currently decreasing the quality of life.

LEGITIMACY OF PROGENIES USING SSR MARKERS AS CONTROLLING SYSTEM AND EARLIER SELECTION IN THE OIL PALM NURSERY (Elaeis guineensis JACQ.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Rokhana Faizah ◽  
Sri Wening ◽  
Abdul Razak Purba
Keyword(s):  
Dna Fingerprinting ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Elaeis Guineensis ◽  
Gene Marker ◽  
Controlling System ◽  
Crossing Probability ◽  
Simple Sequence

Information of legitimacy of oil palm progenies is important to guaranty the quality and to control commercial seeds procedures. A true and legitimate cross will produce progeny which has a combination of their parent's allele. The information could be obtained early in the nursery stage through DNA fingerprinting analysis. Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) is one of DNA markers used for DNA fingerprinting, since the marker system has advantages to acquire information of allele per individual in population and efficiency diverse allele of progeny and their parents. The aim of the research is to obtain legitimacy of 12 progenies analyzing in the oil palm nursery stage. Thirteen SSR markers were used to analyze 12 crossings number of oil palm. The genotypes data by alleles of SSR inferred and quantified using Gene Marker® Software version 2.4.0 Soft Genetics® LLC and analyzed based on Mendel's Law of Segregation. The result showed based on heredity pattern of progeny and their parent's allele that progenies H were indicated genetically derived from their known parents while progenies from A and G indicated as illegitimate crossing. Probability value for legitimacy of progenies of 9 other crosses has 0.031 and 0.5. Legitimacy analysis of progeny using SSR markers could be used to control the quality of crossing material and earlier selection in the oil palm nursery.

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