Effect of Cement Raw Meal on the NO Reduction by Biomass Char

2020 ◽  
Vol 993 ◽  
pp. 1401-1406
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Su Ping Cui ◽  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Xiao Yu Ma ◽  
Shi Jie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Carbon Surface ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Biomass Char ◽  
Positive Effect

The influence of cement raw meal on the NO reduction by biomass char at a high temperature of 900 °C with four O2 concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5% and 8% was investigated in a laboratory scale fixed bed quartz reactor. The results showed that the cement raw meal had certain positive effect on NO reduction by biomass char which promotes dissociation adsorption of NO with the help of CO consumption and oxygen transferred to carbon surface, however, it also shows some negative effect, and the degree depends on O2 concentration. A long-time and high NO reduction rate was obtained in the case of 1% O2 concentration.

scholarly journals Influence of Biochar Composition and Micro-Structure on the Denitration of Flue Gases at High Temperature

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1920
Author(s):  
Yali Wang ◽  
Nannan Qin ◽  
Suping Cui ◽  
Xiaoyu Ma ◽  
Siyu Peng
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Functional Groups ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Flue Gases ◽  
Composition And Structure ◽  
O2 Concentration ◽  
Denitration Rate ◽  
Positive Effect

Biochar materials are good reducers of nitrogen oxides. The composition and structure of biochar affect significantly its ability to reduce C–NO. In order to study the denitration of flue gases by biochar at high temperature, three kinds of biochar (bamboo charcoal (BC), rice husk ash (RHA), and straw charcoal (SC)) were mixed with cement raw meal in a fixed-bed quartz reactor at the temperature of 800–900 °C and O2 concentration of 0.5%–2%. The results showed that the initial denitration rate of BC was higher than that of RHA, and that of SC was the lowest. RHA had the largest specific surface area, and BC the smallest. The elements C, N, and O and the functional groups of the three types of biochar had a greater influence on the denitration rate than their structures. The denitration rate decreased faster as the O/C ratio increased, and the increase in the relative content of the N element induced the formation of nitrogen-containing functional groups catalyzing C–NO reduction. The content of the C–C bond affected directly the rate of denitration, and both (NCO)x and C–O bonds had a positive effect on the reduction capability of biochar. It can be concluded that the composition of biochar has an important effect on the reduction of C–NO.

Experimental Investigation on Related Properties of Asphalt Mastic Containing Recycled Cement Mortar Powder

2011 ◽  
Vol 306-307 ◽  
pp. 1007-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Qing Zhu ◽  
Shao Peng Wu ◽  
Jin Jun Zhong ◽  
Dong Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Softening Point ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Asphalt Mastic ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Frequency Sweep Test ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Frequency Area

Some properties of asphalt mastic containing recycled cement mortar powder (CMP) were investigated in this paper. CMP was used as filler in asphalt mastic. The investigated mastic consisted of asphalt and filler at a mass ratio of 1:1. Penetration, softening point and high-temperature viscosity were tested. Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) was used to conduct frequency sweep test of asphalt mastic. The introduction of CMP resulted in reduced penetration, increased softening point, apparent activation energy, complex shear modulus in the low frequency area and high-temperature viscosity. Results indicate that CMP may have some positive effect on high-temperature properties but some negative effect on low-temperature properties of asphalt mastic. It is also believed that the average mixing and compacting temperature of asphalt mixture containing CMP is higher than that containing limestone mineral filler (LMF).

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF COORPORATE SOSIAL RESPONSIBILITY DISCLOSURE ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF INDONESIAN ISLAMIC BANKING

istinbath ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mutmainah Juniawati ◽  
Nur Hidayah
Keyword(s):  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Islamic Banking ◽  
Ethical Values ◽  
Operational Costs ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Csr Disclosure ◽  
Positive Effect

Islamic banking is committed to using Islamic ethical values. This certainly raises the question, whether Islamic banking that is committed to Islamic ethical values also has a high commitment to social and environmental responsibility called Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR, called social responsibility). The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of partial and simultaneous CSR disclosure on CAR, ROA, ROE, and BOPO. Based on the purposive sampling method, the sample in this study was 4 BUS and 7 UUS which published sustainability reports using GRI guidelines 4 and annual reports in 2014-2017. The analytical method used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results of this study indicate that this study shows a positive effect on CAR, because the disclosure of high CSR will increase investor loyalty and trust to invest. CSR social indicators are not needed on CAR, because it takes a long time to see their effects. All CSR indicators also do not approve of ROA and ROE. The company’s ROA and ROE are issued at the end of the year, while CSR is issued at the beginning of the following year at the AGM. CSR economic indicators show a negative effect on BOPO, because they will save resources so they will reduce their operational costs, social indicators have a positive effect on BOPO because the higher the social activities will increase the operational costs incurred

scholarly journals Timing of High Temperature Influences Chilling Negation in Dormant Apple Trees

1992 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Young
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Extension Growth ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
The Third ◽  
Root And Shoot Growth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Chilling Period ◽  
Positive Effect

Budbreak and root and shoot extension growth of apple trees (Malus domestics Borkh. MM.111) were affected by exposure to 500 hours of higher temperatures (15, 20, or 30C) during the first, second, or third 500 hours of a 1500-hour, 5C chilling period. Exposure to 15C during the third 500 hours had a significantly positive effect on budbreak, 20C at this time had no effect, and all other treatments had a negative effect on budbreak and new root and shoot growth.

NO Reduction Using Coal and Active Carbon with and without Catalysts

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 1096-1101
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Ya Li Wang ◽  
Su Ping Cui
Keyword(s):  
Active Carbon ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Reducing Agent ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Significant Positive Effect ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Better Than

Reducing NO using coal and active carbon with and without the addition of catalysts were investigated in a fixed bed reactor at a wide temperature of 250-850 °C. The results indicated that without the catalysts, NO reduction using coal was significantly better than that using active carbon. When coal was used as reducing agent, the addition of catalysts made the NO reduction occurred earlier and the effect of catalysts was temperature-dependent. When active carbon was used to reduce NO, the addition of catalysts was not ideal and only CuO showed a significant positive effect above 700 °C.

OPPORTUNITY AND NECESSITY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ECONOMIC GROWTH: THE MODERATING EFFECT OF HUMAN CAPITAL

2021 ◽  
pp. 2050025
Author(s):  
DANIELA RODRIGUES ◽  
AURORA AC TEIXEIRA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Large Set ◽  
Necessity Entrepreneurship ◽  
Considerable Research ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Mediating Factor ◽  
Positive Effect

Although considerable research has been devoted to the study of the effect of entrepreneurship on economic growth, fewer studies have analyzed the effect of the types (opportunity vs necessity) of entrepreneurship on economic growth. Moreover, the latter set of studies overlooked the relevance of human capital as a mediating factor in the relation between (types of) entrepreneurship and economic growth. The aim of the present study is to fill in this gap by assessing the extent to which the direct and indirect effect of (the types of) entrepreneurship, via human capital, matters for countries’ economic growth. In methodological terms, we resort to fixed effects panel data estimations, involving a large set of (OECD and non-OECD) countries, over a relatively long time span (1990–2016). The results suggest total entrepreneurship has a positive effect on economic growth. Distinguishing between types of entrepreneurship, there is clear evidence that OE fosters economic growth, whereas necessity entrepreneurship inhibits it. Interestingly, human capital tends to mitigate the negative effect of necessity entrepreneurship on economic growth. In the case of opportunity entrepreneurship, the direct positive effect observed is reduced in contexts characterized by high levels of human capital, which might reflect increased opportunity costs.

scholarly journals Experimental and Kinetic Investigation on NO Reduction by Rice Husk Char and Catalytically with CO

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 6715
Author(s):  
Nan Li ◽  
Yali Wang ◽  
Suping Cui ◽  
Xiaodong Jin
Keyword(s):  
Rice Husk ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Direct Reaction ◽  
No Reduction By Co ◽  
Co Concentration ◽  
Reaction Orders ◽  
Biomass Char

Biomass char is accepted as an environmentally friendly energy resource, and is promising for NO removal in industrial furnaces. NO reduction with biomass char (rice husk) was investigated in a fixed-bed quartz reactor. The influence of CO concentration, reaction temperature, initial NO concentration, and char loading on the NO reduction were evaluated. The results showed that the overall NO reduction reaction was dominated by the direct reaction of NO with char without CO. Increasing CO concentration resulted in an enhanced catalytic reaction between NO and CO over the char surface and a decreased carbon consumption of char. With decreasing temperature, the influence of CO concentration on NO reduction was strengthened. Over the test temperature range, char provided a surface to catalyze the NO–CO reaction at excess CO/NO ratio. Increasing the initial NO concentration led to an increasingly significant influence on NO reduction with the enhanced CO/NO ratio. With increased char loading, the enhancement of NO reduction became unobservable for excess CO/NO ratio. Reaction orders of NO and activation energy for NO reduction by char were 0.71 and 60.21 kJ·mol−1, respectively, against 0.82 and 34.60 kJ·mol−1, respectively, for NO reduction by CO, catalyzed by char.

Reduction of NiO-Mn2O3 mixed oxides with hydrogen and its affecting by ionizing radiation

1980 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1754-1765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Pospíšil ◽  
Jan Topinka
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Oxides ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Reduction Rate ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Fast Neutrons ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Chemisorbed Oxygen ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Complex Influence

Reduction of NiO-Mn2O3 mixed oxides with hydrogen was studied thermogravimetrically at 350-440°C; in the entire composition region, 0-100% of one component, total reduction with the formation of a heterogenous Ni-MnO system was observed. The character of the kinetic curves of reduction of Mn2O3 is affected by the way of preparation and heat treatment of the samples before their reduction in inert atmosphere. In the mixed oxide, nickel accelerates the reduction of manganese sesquioxide, proceeding via Mn3O4 intermediate product. The mutual interaction of the two components appears in the pronounced dependence of the reaction rate on the composition, correlable with the analogous dependence of the apparent activation energy of reduction. The extent of the interaction, morphological changes, and some physicochemical parameters depend upon the degree of dispersion of the two oxides, which is also a function of the composition. A prior irridation of the samples by gamma radiation, dose 8 . 105 Gy, or fast neutrons, fluency 6.8 . 1015 n/m2 (Dn = 28.1 Gy), brings about a substantial increase in the content of the chemisorbed oxygen, particularly in the range of excess Mn2O3. The gamma irradiation results in an acceleration of the reduction of the mixed oxides; the extent of this positive effect is a nonmonotonic function of the composition and depends markedly on the temperature. The complex influence of fast neutrons appears as a negative effect (lowering of the reduction rate) resulting from the destruction of the existing centres (the polishing effect); in dependence on the composition the effect inverts into a positive one on the generated and stabilized new centres, which affect the rate of nucleation of the nickel metal phase.

Microstructural characterization of plasma-processed Ti-Al metal matrix composites

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 552-553
Author(s):  
M. G. Burke ◽  
M. N. Gungor ◽  
M. A. Burke
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Titanium Aluminide ◽  
Plasma Processing ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
High Temperature Strength ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Intermetallic Matrix ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Strength And Stiffness ◽  
Intermetallic Matrix Composites

Intermetallic matrix composites are candidates for ultrahigh temperature service when light weight and high temperature strength and stiffness are required. Recent efforts to produce intermetallic matrix composites have focused on the titanium aluminide (TiAl) system with various ceramic reinforcements. In order to optimize the composition and processing of these composites it is necessary to evaluate the range of structures that can be produced in these materials and to identify the characteristics of the optimum structures. Normally, TiAl materials are difficult to process and, thus, examination of a suitable range of structures would not be feasible. However, plasma processing offers a novel method for producing composites from difficult to process component materials. By melting one or more of the component materials in a plasma and controlling deposition onto a cooled substrate, a range of structures can be produced and the method is highly suited to examining experimental composite systems. Moreover, because plasma processing involves rapid melting and very rapid cooling can be induced in the deposited composite, it is expected that processing method can avoid some of the problems, such as interfacial degradation, that are associated with the relatively long time, high temperature exposures that are induced by conventional processing methods.

Working Memory, Mental Prospection, Time Orientation, and Cognitive Insight

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Cinan ◽  
Aslı Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Time Orientation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Insight ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Three Factor

This research is new in its attempt to take future time orientation, morningness orientation, and prospective memory as measures of mental prospection, and to examine a three-factor model that assumes working memory, mental prospection, and cognitive insight are independent but related higher-order cognitive constructs by using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The three-factor model produced a good fit to the data. An alternative one-factor model was tested and rejected. The results suggest that working memory and cognitive insight are distinguishable, related constructs, and that both are distinct from, but negatively associated with, mental prospection. In addition, structural equation modeling (SEM) showed that working memory had a strong positive effect on cognitive insight and a moderate negative effect on mental prospection.

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