Influence of Type of Secondary Raw Material on Consistency of Fresh Mixture for AAC Production

Autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is, mainly in Europe, widely used construction material. It has an optimal combination of bulk density, strength and thermal conductivity coefficient for load-bearing and non-load-bearing structures of civil facilities. The production technology is based on a mixture of ground silica sand, lime, cement, gypsum, aluminium powder and additives. The grinding of sand is most often carried out in a wet way, and the sand sludge is consequently used in production technology. The aim of the experiment was verification of the effect of partial replacement of sand with the alternative raw materials in sand sludge on the rheology of the mixture. This parameter determinates how the modified mixtures affect the sludge pumpability. As a reference the consistency of the sand sludge of the normal production density of 1.65 g/cm3 was compared to the sand sludges of different density (1.60, 1.70 and 1.75 g/cm3) and with a fresh aerated concrete (FAC) mixture of 1.60 g/cm3. Then the sludges were modified by 30 % of alternative raw materials (recycled glass, coal slag, FBC ash, FBC bottom ash) as the partial weight replacement for sand. This partial replacement resulted in water/solids ratio adjustment which recommended value is 0.47 for recycled glass and coal slag, 0.59 for fluidized bed combustion (FBC) bottom ash and for FBC fly ash it is 0.70.

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Content of Aluminium Hydroxide in Lime-Silica Composite and its Influence on Tobermorite Formation

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.916.195 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 916 ◽

pp. 195-199 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jindrich Melichar ◽

Vit Cerný ◽

Jan Fleischhacker ◽

Rostislav Drochytka

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Aluminium Hydroxide ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Mineralogical Composition ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Chemical Formula ◽

Hydrothermal Conditions ◽

Silicon Oxides ◽

Calcium Hydrosilicates ◽

Aerated Concrete

Aerated concrete is lightweight building material with excellent thermos-technical properties compared to its strengths, easy workability and economic efficiency. It is material with long tradition of manufacturing since 1924 but its potential is yet possible to be extended. Since the beginning pure ingredients such as lime and silica sand has been used. Nowadays we are looking for ways to replace these expensive raw materials with cheaper alternatives. One of the most important mechanical properties of each material is its strength. In case of aerated concrete the bearer of strength is mineral tobermorite. It is created by reaction of silicon oxides and lime at hydrothermal conditions. It belongs to the group of calcium hydrosilicates with chemical formula Ca5Si6O16(OH)2·4H2O. Main goal of this paper is proposal for modification of the raw materials composition and autoclave regime of aerated concrete using aluminium hydroxide in order to improve final mechanical properties and mineralogical composition.

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A Study on Fresh and Hardened Properties of Concrete with Partial Replacement of Bottom Ash as a Fine Aggregate

Recent Advancements in Geotechnical Engineering ◽

10.21741/9781644901618-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Industrial Waste ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Industrial Wastes ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Research Papers ◽

Fine Aggregates ◽

Concrete Production ◽

Hardened Properties

Abstract. To overcome the shortage of natural resources for the production of concrete, many waste materials are used to replace the raw materials of concrete. In this way, bottom ash is one of the major industrial wastes which shall be used as the replacement of materials in concrete production. It shall be used to replace the materials either up to one-third. This review brings out the evaluation of the industrial waste material which can be repeatedly used as a substitution for concrete as fine aggregate. This paper reviewed the use of industrial waste i.e., bottom ash as fine aggregate in the concrete. The parameters discussed were physical, chemical, fresh, and hardened properties of the concrete with partial replacement of bottom ash. By reviewing some of the research papers, concluded that 10-15% replacement of fine aggregates is acceptable for all the properties of concrete. High utilization of natural sources -gives the pathway to produce more industrial wastes which are responsible for the development of new sustainable development.

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A Review on Green Concrete Using Low-Calcium Pond Ash as Supplementary Cementitious Material

International Research Journal of Multidisciplinary Technovation ◽

10.34256/irjmtcon47 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 353-361

Author(s):

Yuvaraj K ◽

Ramesh S

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Thermal Power ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Fine Aggregate ◽

Supplementary Cementitious Material ◽

Pond Ash ◽

Pulverized Fuel ◽

Open Dumping ◽

Pulverized Fuel Ash

Nowadays, the construction cost is very high with the use of crucial material such as cement, fine aggregate and coarse aggregate. This study includes the use of Pulverized fuel ash waste materials as partial replacement of cement and fine aggregate. Industries in India produce a large amount of waste such as fly ash, Bottom ash, Pond ash, etc., that can be useful in the partial replacement of all raw materials due to their different properties. Therefore, we study the number of useful research documents in this field and try to improve with locally available waste material can be proven economical as well. The objective of this study was to determine the environmental impacts of open dumping of pond ash around a thermal power plant.

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Pengaruh Penggunaan Batu Basalt Lampung dan Batubara dalam Bahan Baku terhadap Karakteristik Klinker

Jurnal Teknologi Bahan dan Barang Teknik ◽

10.37209/jtbbt.v10i1.167 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 49

Author(s):

Suharto Suharto ◽

Muhammad Amin ◽

Muhammad Al Muttaqii ◽

Syafriadi Syafriadi ◽

Kiki Nurwanti

Keyword(s):

Experimental Study ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Coal Ash ◽

Heating Time ◽

Raw Material ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Cement Clinker ◽

Duration Of Heating

Experimental study on the use of basalt stone originated from Lampung has been conducted to evaluate its potential for a partial substitute of raw material in production of cement clinker. The basalt stone contains minerals of anorthite, augite, and albite phases that are required for clinker formation. In this study, the main raw materials were 80% limestone, 10% silica sand, 9% clay and 1% iron sand. The raw material in these experiments were mixtures 90% or 80% of the main raw material and 10% or 20% of basalt stone. The effect of adding coal to raw materials was also studied to see the possibility of an increase in clinkerization temperature inside the raw material mixture, and at the same time to see the effect of coal ash on clinker composition. Clinker obtained from heating of raw materials at a temperature of 1100oC had LSF of 94.1% and 95.1% (heating time of 1 and 3 hours). If heating is carried out at 1200oC, the clinker had LSF of 97.7% and 98.0% (heating time of 2 and 3 hours, respectively). Depending on the temperature and duration of heating, the clinker mostly had SM in the range of 2.18-2.40% , and AM in the range of 0,78-1.80%. Characterization using XRD showed that the clinker consisted of larnite and gehlenite phases, and dominated by CaO.Batu basalt Lampung telah diuji potensinya sebagai pengganti sebagian bahan baku utama pembuatan klinker semen. Batu basalt tersebut memiliki mineral-mineral dalam fase anorthite, augite, dan albite yang diperlukan pada pembentukan klinker. Pada penelitian ini, bahan baku utama adalah batu kapur 80%, pasir silika 10%, tanah liat 9% dan pasir besi 1%. Campuran bahan baku klinker adalah 90% atau 80% bahan baku utama dan 10% atau 20% batu basalt. Efek penambahan batubara ke dalam bahan baku klinker juga dipelajari untuk melihat kemungkinan kenaikan temperatur klinkerisasi di dalam campuran bahan baku, dan sekaligus untuk melihat efek abu batubara terhadap komposisi klinker. Klinker hasil pemanasan bahan baku pada temperatur 1100oC memiliki LSF 94,1% dan 95,1% (lama pemanasan 1 dan 3 jam). Jika pemanasan dilakukan pada 1200oC, klinker memilik LSF 97,7% dan 98,00% (lama pemanasan 2 dan 3 jam). Tergantung pada temperatur dan lama pemanasan, klinker hasil percobaan ini umumnya memiliki SM 2,18-2,40%, dan AM antara 0,78-1,80%. Karakterisasi dengan XRD menunjukkan bahwa klinker terdiri dari fase larnite dan gehlenite, dan didominasi CaO.

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Mechanism of Cement Paste with Different Particle Sizes of Bottom Ash as Partial Replacement in Portland Cement

Revista de Chimie ◽

10.37358/rc.17.10.5887 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 68 (10) ◽

pp. 2367-2372 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Ng Hooi Jun ◽

Mirabela Georgiana Minciuna ◽

Mohd Mustafa Al Bakri Abdullah ◽

Tan Soo Jin ◽

Andrei Victor Sandu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Construction Material ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

High Volume ◽

Cement Composite ◽

Pozzolanic Reaction ◽

High Specific Surface Area ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Natural Aggregates ◽

Pozzolanic Properties

Manufacturing of Portland cement consists of high volume of natural aggregates which depleted rapidly in today construction field. New substitutable material such as bottom ash replace and target for comparable properties with hydraulic or pozzolanic properties as Portland cement. This study investigates the replacement of different sizes of bottom ash into Portland cement by reducing the content of Portland cement and examined the mechanism between bottom ash (BA) and Portland cement. A cement composite developed by 10% replacement with 1, 7, 14, and 28 days of curing and exhibited excellent mechanical strength on day 28 (34.23 MPa) with 63 mm BA. The porous structure of BA results in lower density as the fineness particles size contains high specific surface area and consume high quantity of water. The morphology, mineralogical, and ternary phase analysis showed that pozzolanic reaction of bottom ash does not alter but complements and integrates the cement hydration process which facilitate effectively the potential of bottom ash to act as construction material.

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Environmental Sustainability through Recycling Incineration Bottom Ash for the Production of Autoclaved Aerated Concrete

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.650.51 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 650 ◽

pp. 51-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

En Hua Yang ◽

Yi Quan Liu ◽

Zhi Tao Chen

Keyword(s):

Aluminum Powder ◽

Environmental Sustainability ◽

Pure Aluminum ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Waste Incineration ◽

Gas Generation ◽

Autoclaved Aerated Concrete ◽

Silica Source ◽

Aerated Concrete ◽

Aeration Capacity

Municipal solid waste incineration bottom ash (IBA) has great potential to be utilized for civil engineering applications. This paper is to investigate the characteristic of gas generation from IBA and to study the potential of IBA as aerating agent to replace costly aluminum powder and as silica source to partially replace silica flour/fly ash in the production of autoclaved aerated concrete (AAC). Results show the aeration capacity of IBA used in this study is about 1% that of pure aluminum powder by mass. Finer particles, higher alkali molarity, and higher reaction temperature encourage the reaction and more gas is generated per gram of IBA. Type of alkaline solution does not seem to be an important factor for gas generation from IBA. Several exemplary lightweight mortars and AACs were produced by incorporating IBA as aerating agent. It is highly plausible IBA can be used as aerating agent to replace pure aluminum powder in the production of normal aerated concrete. IBA-AACs with density ranging from 600 to 800 kg/m3 were successfully synthesized by using IBA as aerating agent. For a given density, the compressive strength of IBA-AAC is higher than that of AAC due to the formation of more uniform pore structure with smaller pore size in IBA-AAC.

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Study of the Incorporation of Biomass Bottom Ash as a Filler for Discontinuous Grading Bituminous Mixtures with Bitumen Emulsion

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app11083334 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (8) ◽

pp. 3334

Author(s):

Jorge Suárez-Macías ◽

Juan María Terrones-Saeta ◽

Francisco Javier Iglesias-Godino ◽

Francisco Antonio Corpas-Iglesias

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Bottom Ash ◽

Chemical Properties ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Waste Biomass ◽

Bituminous Mixtures ◽

Bitumen Emulsion ◽

Main Disadvantage ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

And Chemical Properties

Energy consumption, because of population development, is progressively increasing. For this reason, new sources of energy are being developed, such as that produced from the combustion of biomass. However, this type of renewable energy has one main disadvantage, the production of waste. Biomass bottom ash is a residue of this industry that currently has not much use. For this reason, this research evaluates its use as a filler in bituminous mixtures, since this sector also has a significant impact on the environment, as it requires large quantities of raw materials. With this objective, first, the physical and chemical properties of biomass bottom ashes were evaluated, verifying their characteristics for their use as filler. Subsequently, bituminous mixtures were conformed with biomass bottom ash as filler, and their physical and mechanical properties were analyzed through particle loss and Marshall tests. The results of these tests were compared with those obtained with the same type of mixture but with conventional and ophite aggregates. This study confirmed that biomass bottom ash was viable for use as a filler, creating mixtures with a higher percentage of bitumen, better mechanical behavior, and similar physical properties. In short, more sustainable material for roads was obtained with waste currently condemned to landfill.

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The Feasibility of Using Micro Silica Sand Powder as Partial Replacement of Cement in Production of Roller Compacted Concrete

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1021.21 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1021 ◽

pp. 21-34

Author(s):

Zahraa Alaa M.A. Ali Khan ◽

Zena K. Abbas

Keyword(s):

Portland Cement ◽

Minimum Cost ◽

The Other ◽

Silica Sand ◽

Engineering Properties ◽

Crushed Stone ◽

Partial Replacement ◽

Roller Compacted Concrete ◽

Water Curing ◽

Micro Silica

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) is a special type of concrete with zero or even negative slump consistency. In this work, it had aimed to produce an RCC mix suitable for roads paving with minimum cost and better engineering properties so, different RCC mixes had prepared i.e. (M1, M2, M3, and M4) using specified percentages of micro natural silica sand powder (SSP) as partial replacement of (0%, 5%, 10%, and 20%) by weight of sulfate resistant Portland cement. Additionally, M-sand, crushed stone, filler, and water had been used. The results had obtained after 28 days of water curing. The control mix (M1) had satisfied the required f ‘c with accepted results for the other tests. M2 mix with SSP of 5% had achieved the highest results. The f ’c for sawed cubes of (10*10*10) cm had increased by 2.26% and 3.16% when tested in directions (ꓕ and //) to the direction of loading respectively. R results for sawed prisms of (38*10*10) cm had increased by 8.78% and 8.43% when tested on top and bottom faces respectively. The density had increased by 1.04% while the absorption and volume of permeable voids had decreased by 8.11% and 7.83% respectively. The UPV results had also increased by 2.44% and 0.81% for cubes and prisms respectively when compared to the control mix. M3 mix with SSP of 10% had also achieved satisfactory results when compared to the control mix.

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