Improvement of Binderless Banana Pseudo-Stem Particleboard Properties via Natural Laminating Materials

In this study, the first objective was to investigate the basic mechanical and physical properties of the binderless banana pseudo-stem particleboard (BBP) at a targeted density of 650 kg/m3. The second objective was to examine the effect of laminates on the properties of BBP. Three types of BBP were produced, that were oil palm veneer laminated BBP, layered banana leaf laminated BBP, and BBP without lamination. No adhesive was used in the production of the BBP, but for lamination process, cold setting polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) was used. Three tests were conducted which were internal bonding (IB), static bending, and water absorption resistance tests. According to the results, BBP without lamination had the lowest IB. The lowest modulus of rupture (MOR) and lowest modulus of elasticity (MOE) in static bending was also recorded by BBP without lamination. The highest IB, MOR and MOE, were of BBP laminated with oil palm veneer. These values were followed by IB, MOR and MOE of BBP with banana leaf lamination. Highest percentage water absorption (WA) was exhibited by BBP without lamination, followed by BBP laminated with oil palm veneer, and then by BBP laminated with layered banana leaves. The types of BBP significantly influence the MOR and MOE, but did not significantly affect the IB and WA. In general, laminating the BBP using natural layered materials has significantly improved the MOR and MOE.

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Impact of log position in the tree on mechanical and physical properties of black spruce medium-density fibreboard panels

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x06-268 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 866-873 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jun Li Shi ◽

Bernard Riedl ◽

James Deng ◽

Alain Cloutier ◽

S. Y. Zhang

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Black Spruce ◽

Analysis Of Covariance ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Medium Density ◽

Medium Density Fibreboard ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽

The Impact

Mechanical and physical properties of medium-density fibreboard (MDF) panels made from black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) BSP) top, middle, and butt logs were studied. The analysis of variance and analysis of covariance were both performed to examine the impact of log position in the tree on panel modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), internal bond (IB), linear expansion (LE), thickness swell (TS), and water absorption. Results indicate that MOE and IB strength of MDF panels made from top and middle logs were significantly superior to those of panels made from butt logs; however, there was no significant difference in MOE and IB between panels made from top and middle logs. Water absorptions of top and middle log panels were significantly lower than that of panels made from butt logs, and the difference in water absorption between panels made from top and middle logs was not significant. TS of top log panels was the smallest among the panels from the three log positions in the tree and was significantly different from those of middle and butt log panels. TS of butt log panels was the highest, which was significantly different from that of top and middle log panels. The differences in LE among the panels made from top, middle, and butt logs were not significant. The comparison of MOR of top, middle, and butt log panels was dependent on panel density because of the interactions among the three groups. Top and middle log panels showed superior properties, because the thinner cell walls of fibres from top and middle logs resulted in an increased compaction ratio compared with the butt log panels. Panel density affected both panel MOR and MOE considerably; however, its impact on IB, LE, TS, and water absorption was not significant in this study. The equations describing the linear relationships between MOR, MOE, and panel density were developed.

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Sifat Fisis dan Mekanis Papan Semen dari Serat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Cement Board Made from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Fibers)

Jurnal Riset Industri Hasil Hutan ◽

10.24111/jrihh.v8i2.1966 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 43-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Djoko Purwanto

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Empty Fruit Bunches ◽

Screw Withdrawal ◽

Cement Board

Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) fiber were industrial waste that has not been widely used by the community, only stacked and cause odors that interfere with the surrounding environment. This research studied the utilization of OPEFB fiber for cement board products using cement as resin and CaCl2 as accelerator. Laboratory scale cement board made from OPEFB fiber were mixed with cement, and CaCl2. The composition of fiber and cement were 1:1, 1:1.5, 1:2, and CaCl2 variations were 0%, 1% and 3%. A mixture of fibers, cement and CaCl2 was compressed at the pressure of 4 ton for 24 hours. The cement boards were tested for physical and mechanical properties according to JIS A 5417-1992, and the results were compared to the requirements of the cement board JIS A 5417-1992. Cement board made from fiber and cement composition 1:1.5 and CaCl2 content 3% produced moisture content, thickness swelling, water absorption, density, modulus of rupture/MOR, modulus of elasticity/MOE and screw withdrawal strength that met the requirement of JIS A 5417-1992. The composition of fiber and cement and the variations of CaCl2 content produced significant effect on water content, water absorption, thickness swelling, modulus of rupture/MOR, modulus of elasticity/MOE and screw withdrawal strength on cement boards.Keywords : oil palm empty fruit bunches fiber, cement boards, physical and mechanical properties

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Investigation of the use of old railroad ties (Fagus orientalis) and citrus branches (orange tree) in the particleboard industry

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.4.6984-6992 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 6984-6992

Author(s):

Ali Hassanpoor Tichi

Keyword(s):

Physical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Internal Bond ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Aspen Wood ◽

Fire Retardancy ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties ◽

Four Levels

Effects of two widely available and underutilized lignocellulosic materials on the mechanical and physical properties of particleboards were investigated in this work. The ratio of mixtures lignocellulosic flakes at four levels (100% aspen wood), (50% aspen wood: 25% citrus: 25% old railroad ties), (50% aspen wood: 50% citrus), and (50% aspen wood: 50% old railroad ties), and the percentage of resin in two levels (8 and 12%) were considered as variable factors. The 100% aspen wood (Populus tremula) was mixed as a control board (100% aspen wood). Then the mechanical and physical properties of the samples including modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond, water absorption, and thickness swelling after 2 h and 24 h of immersion (EN 310-319) and fire resistance (ISO 11925-2) were measured. The results showed that with increasing poplar wood in mixtures, modulus of rupture, modulus of elasticity, internal bond increased, while water absorption and thickness swelling decreased. Also, in comparison with the control boards, the boards that were made by mixing 50% poplar and 50% citrus branches with 12% glue had the highest mechanical strength. The results also showed that increasing the amount of old railroad ties chips in mixing caused a significant decrease in the fire retardancy of the boards.

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Water-Resistant Casein-Based Adhesives for Veneer Bonding in Biodegradable Ski Cores

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12081745 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 1745 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ronald Schwarzenbrunner ◽

Marius Catalin Barbu ◽

Alexander Petutschnigg ◽

Eugenia Mariana Tudor

Keyword(s):

Shear Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Polyvinyl Acetate ◽

Water Storage ◽

Real Life ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Winter Conditions ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties

The aim of this study is to investigate the performance of casein-based adhesives for the bonding of ash (Fraxinus spp.) veneers for the manufacture of biodegradable skis. Different formulations containing casein powder, water, lime, sodium silicate, and various glue amounts were tested for shear strength after water storage, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity, water absorption, and thickness swelling. Two other classic wood adhesives, namely epoxy and polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) type D4 were used as control. The highest efficiency of both mechanical and physical properties was recorded for the samples glued with caseins and an increased amount of lime. There was also an affinity between casein adhesive distribution and physical and mechanical plywood performance. Moreover, the developed casein-based glues were also used to bond the plywood for ski cores and tested in real-life winter conditions.

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Pengaruh Tekanan dan Penggunaan Conplast terhadap Sifat Mekanik Eternit dari Abu Cangkang Sawit

Jurnal Riset Teknologi Industri ◽

10.26578/jrti.v8i15.1552 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (15) ◽

pp. 47-54

Author(s):

Haspiadi Haspiadi

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Palm Shell ◽

Oil Palm Shell ◽

Density Values ◽

Test Result

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of pressure and use of conplast against mechanical properties which are a Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of plasterboard. The study is done because still low quality of plasterboard made from a mixture of ashes of oil-palm shell especially of the mechanical properties compared to the controls. The method of this reserach used variation of printed pressure and the addition of conplast. Test result is obtained that the highest value of Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) 90875.94 Kg/cm2, Modulus of Rupture (MOR) 61.16 Kg/cm2 and density values in generally good printed at the pressure 60 g/cm3 and the addition of conplast 25% as well as the composition of the ash of palm shell oil 40%: limestone 40%: cement 15%: fiber 5% and 300 mL of water. ABSTRAK Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh tekanan dan penggunaan conplast terhadap sifat mekanik yaitu kuat lentur dan keteguhan patah eternit berbahan dasar abu cangkang sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan karena masi rendahnya mutu eternit berbahan campuran abu cangkang sawit dari bolier khususnya sifat mekanik dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah dengan variasi tekanan cetak dan penambahan conplast. Hasil uji diperoleh bahwa kuat lentur tertinggi sebesar 90875,94 Kg/cm2 dan keteguhan patah sebesar 61,16 Kg/cm2, yang dicetak pada tekanan 60 g/cm3 dan penambahan conplast 25% dengan komposisi abu cangkang sawit 40 %: kapur 40 % : semen 15 %: serat 5 % dan air 300 mL.Kata Kunci : Abu cangkang sawit, conplast, kuat lentur, keteguhan patah.

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Preliminary Study of Oil Palm Decanter Cake Natural Polymer Composite (OPDC-NPC)

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.911.40 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 911 ◽

pp. 40-44 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Muhammad Aqif Adam ◽

Alawi Sulaiman ◽

Che Mohd Som Said ◽

Ayub M. Som ◽

Azhari Samsu Bahruddin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Polymer Composite ◽

Palm Oil ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Absorption Rate ◽

Natural Fiber ◽

Natural Polymer ◽

Water Absorption Rate ◽

Decanter Cake

Palm oil industry produces huge amount of oil palm decanter cake (OPDC). Currently it is not yet commercialized however due to its characteristics, it can be used to produce oil palm decanter cake natural polymer composite (OPDC-NPC). NPC is a type of material made by combining natural fiber with polymer. Therefore the objective of this paper is to produce NPC from OPDC and then determine its mechanical and physical properties such as elasticity, stiffness, tensile strength and water absorption rate. The OPDC samples were collected from Felda Trolak Palm Oil Mill. Prior to NPC development, the oil was removed from OPDC using hexane soxhlet extraction method. OPDC-NPC was fabricated using molding method where the mixture of 95% polypropylene (PP) and 5% OPDC were mixed using twin-screw extruder. The results showed that OPDC-NPC has an elasticity of 2231 MPa, stiffness of 30 MPa, tensile strength of 32 MPa and water absorption rate of 0.16 % which was slightly better with the other types of fibers.

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Soybean waste in particleboard production

Ciência e Agrotecnologia ◽

10.1590/1413-70542018422015817 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 42 (2) ◽

pp. 186-194 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Evelyn Hoffmamm Martins ◽

Alan Pereira Vilela ◽

Rafael Farinassi Mendes ◽

Lourival Marin Mendes ◽

Lívia Elisabeth Vasconcellos de Siqueira Brandão Vaz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Water Absorption ◽

Water Immersion ◽

Eucalyptus Grandis ◽

Raw Material ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

High Yield ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Hybrid Eucalyptus

ABSTRACT Brazil is the second largest soybean producer in the world, with a yield of around 96.2 million tons per crop. This high yield leads to a great amount of waste resulting from soybean cultivation, which can reach approximately 41 million tons of waste per year. This material has lignocellulosic properties, which may enable its use as a raw material for particleboard production. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of soybean pods in particleboard production. For particleboard manufacture, wood of the hybrid Eucalyptus urophylla and Eucalyptus grandis was used, added with soybean pods, at proportions of 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%. For particleboard evaluation, a completely randomized design was used, with five treatments and three replicates, using linear regression and the Scott-Knott test at 5% significance for comparison among the different treatments. The properties apparent density, compaction ratio, water absorption after 2 and 24 hours, thickness swelling after 2 and 24 hours in water immersion, internal bonding, modulus of rupture and modulus of elasticity in bending properties were evaluated. The ratio soybean pod waste and eucalyptus particles in the panels led to an increase in water absorption values and thickness swelling, in addition to a decrease in mechanical properties. The production of panels with approximately 23% soybean pods is feasible.

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Effect of moisture content on dielectric properties of banana leaves and peels in frequency range of 1–20 GHz

Frequenz ◽

10.1515/freq-2021-0136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 0 (0) ◽

Author(s):

Soumya Sundar Pattanayak ◽

Soumen Biswas

Keyword(s):

Dielectric Constant ◽

Dielectric Properties ◽

Dielectric Loss ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Measurement Data ◽

Banana Peel ◽

Frequency Range ◽

Proposed Model ◽

Banana Leaves ◽

Banana Leaf

Abstract The quality of agricultural products can be remotely sensed and enhanced by determining the dielectric properties. This paper studies the dielectric properties of banana leaf and banana peel over the frequency range 1–20 GHz using the open-ended coaxial probe (OCP) method. A new curve fitting model is proposed to characterize the dielectric properties of banana leaf and banana peel. The different moisture content (MC) levels are considered for both banana leaf and banana peel samples and, their dielectric properties are characterized. Further, the banana leaf and banana peel’s measurement data are compared with the data obtained using the proposed model. In addition, Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and R-squared (R 2) are calculated to validate the performance of the proposed model. In case of banana leaf at 68.26% MC, the dielectric constant achieves the value of R 2 and RMSE of 0.98 and 0.0648, respectively. Similarly, dielectric loss achieves the value of R 2 and RMSE of 0.88 and 0.0795, respectively. Further, for banana peel at 80.89% MC, the dielectric constant achieves the value of R 2 and RMSE of 0.99 and 0.2989, respectively. Similarly, dielectric loss achieves the value of R 2 and RMSE of 0.96 and 0.6132, respectively.

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Effect of Firing Temperature on Mechanical and Physical Properties of Porcelain Balls as Grinding Media

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.888.37 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 888 ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

Hasrul Yahya ◽

Mohd Roslee Othman ◽

Zainal Arifin Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Compressive Strength ◽

Physical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Firing Temperature ◽

Chemical Resistance ◽

Firing Process ◽

X Ray Diffraction ◽

X Ray ◽

Grinding Media ◽

Mechanical And Physical Properties

Porcelain balls as grinding media are produced by firing process of clay, quartz and feldspar mixtures. This application need high technological properties such as high compressive strength and hardness, wear resistance, low water absorption and excellent chemical resistance. These properties are associated with higher firing temperatures. The porcelain balls were prepared by mixing 30 wt.% clay, 40 wt.% feldspar and 30 wt.% quartz. The samples were sintered at 1200°C, 1230°C, 1250°C, 1270°C and 1300°C for 2 hours with heating rate of 3°C/min. Both green powder and fired samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The properties of the fired samples were evaluated by compressive strength, hardness, shrinkage, water absorption, bulk density, and porosity measurement. Increasing of compressive strength, hardness and density are associated with increasing of firing temperatures. Porcelain balls PB1 and PB2 can be produced as grinding media with optimum mechanical and physical properties at firing temperature 1270°C and 1250°C, respectively.

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Properties of Dan Kwian, Sukhothai and Ratchaburi Pottery Clays Fired at 700 and 900 °C

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.608.47 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 608 ◽

pp. 47-61

Author(s):

Nonglak Meethong ◽

Wanwisa Pattanasiriwisawa ◽

Weenawan Somphon ◽

Waraporn Tanthanuch ◽

Sutham Srilomsak

Keyword(s):

Specific Gravity ◽

Comparative Study ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Bulk Density ◽

Firing Temperature ◽

Reflectance Spectra ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Regression Equations ◽

Statistical Software

Dan Kwian, Sukhothai and Ratchaburi pottery clays are economically important pottery clays. They are well known in the Thai ceramic society for making Dan Kwian pottery, Sawankhalok pottery and Dragon jars, respectively. There have been several studies of these pottery clays. However, few of them used statistics to analyze their results. This work is a comparative study of the compositions and properties of these three pottery clays using statistical software to analyze the results. Results show that the major components of these pottery clays are SiO2 and Al2O3. The Modulus of Rupture (MOR) of each pottery clay fired at 700°C are not significantly different. Sukhothai pottery clay fired at 900°C has a higher MOR and bulk density while its porosity, water absorption and apparent specific gravity are less than those of the Dan Kwian and Ratchaburi pottery clays fired at the same temperature. Additionally, the current study developed regression equations for estimating the properties of all pottery clays under study. Finally, it was found that the L*, a*, b* and reflectance spectra of all pottery clays increased when firing temperature was increased from 700 to 900°C.

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