scholarly journals Chemotactic Responsiveness Toward Ligands for CXCR3 and CXCR4 Is Regulated on Plasma Blasts During the Time Course of a Memory Immune Response

2002 ◽  
Vol 169 (3) ◽  
pp. 1277-1282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja E. Hauser ◽  
Gudrun F. Debes ◽  
Sergio Arce ◽  
Giuliana Cassese ◽  
Alf Hamann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Memory Immune Response

scholarly journals Virus Induced Lymphocytes (VIL) as a novel viral antigen-specific T cell therapy for COVID-19 and potential future pandemics

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rohan Sivapalan ◽  
Jinyan Liu ◽  
Krishnendu Chakraborty ◽  
Elisa Arthofer ◽  
Modassir Choudhry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Adoptive Cell Therapy ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Effector Memory ◽  
Antigen Specificity ◽  
T Cell Therapy

AbstractThe a priori T cell repertoire and immune response against SARS-CoV-2 viral antigens may explain the varying clinical course and prognosis of patients having a mild COVID-19 infection as opposed to those developing more fulminant multisystem organ failure and associated mortality. Using a novel SARS-Cov-2-specific artificial antigen presenting cell (aAPC), coupled with a rapid expansion protocol (REP) as practiced in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) therapy, we generate an immune catalytic quantity of Virus Induced Lymphocytes (VIL). Using T cell receptor (TCR)-specific aAPCs carrying co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-I immunodominant SARS-CoV-2 peptide-pentamer complexes, we expand virus-specific VIL derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of convalescent COVID-19 patients up to 1000-fold. This is achieved in a clinically relevant 7-day vein-to-vein time-course as a potential adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for COVID-19. We also evaluate this approach for other viral pathogens using Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-specific VIL from donors as a control. Rapidly expanded VIL are enriched in virus antigen-specificity and show an activated, polyfunctional cytokine profile and T effector memory phenotype which may contribute to a robust immune response. Virus-specific T cells can also be delivered allogeneically via MHC-typing and patient human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-matching to provide pragmatic treatment in a large-scale therapeutic setting. These data suggest that VIL may represent a novel therapeutic option that warrants further clinical investigation in the armamentarium against COVID-19 and other possible future pandemics.

Abstract 293: Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation Causes Immunodeficiency That Involves the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 138 (Suppl_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuntian Shen ◽  
Qiang Zhao ◽  
Jiangbo Wu ◽  
Zhuoran Wang ◽  
Wei Yang
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Hpa Axis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal ◽  
Immune Organs ◽  
High Incidence

Introduction: Cardiac arrest (CA) is associated with high mortality and morbidity, which is in part due to infectious complications developed in CA patients. Infection complications, particularly pneumonia, occur in approximately 60% of CA patients. Given this high incidence, we hypothesized that after CA, the immune system is impaired, which increases the susceptibility of CA patients to potential infections. Therefore, in this study, we systematically examined the immune response in the brain and peripheral immune organs after CA. Methods: Mice were subjected to CA and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR). Flow cytometry, ELISA, immunohistochemistry, and quantitative PCR were used to analyze the immune response in various post-CA organs. Results: First, we characterized the time course of the immune response in the spleen after CA/CPR. CA/CPR induced significant changes in all major immune cell populations. Notably, B cell frequencies decreased, while T cell frequencies increased, in various organs on day 3 post-CA. Further, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, eg IL-6, were markedly increased in the blood and brain after CA. Critically, we found that the lymphocyte counts in the spleen and thymus were dramatically lower in CA mice than in sham mice. Interestingly, CA/CPR caused progressive atrophy of the spleen and thymus. Since it has been shown that CA/CPR alters activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, we speculated that CA-induced atrophy of lymphoid organs is mediated by the HPA axis. Thus, we treated CA mice with RU486, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist. Indeed, this treatment reversed CA-induced organ atrophy and mitigated immune cell depletion, both in the thymus and spleen. Conclusions: We provided for the first time evidence that CA/CPR rapidly induced a systemic inflammatory response followed by impairment of the immune system, which eventually led to a massive loss of immune cells in the peripheral immune organs. This CA-induced immunodeficiency appears to be mediated by dysregulation of the HPA axis. Our findings here may be of high clinical significance, considering the high incidence of infectious complications in CA patients and their detrimental effects on CA outcome.

scholarly journals Temporal metabolic response to mRNA COVID-19 vaccinations in oncology patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 1264-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooja Advani ◽  
Saranya Chumsri ◽  
Tanmayi Pai ◽  
Zhuo Li ◽  
Akash Sharma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Fdg Pet ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Absolute Change

Abstract Background mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are known to provide an immune response seen on FDG PET studies. However, the time course of this metabolic response is unknown. We here present a temporal metabolic response to mRNA COVID-19 vaccination in oncology patients undergoing standard of care FDG PET. Methods 262 oncology patients undergoing standard of care FDG PET were included in the analysis. 231 patients had at least one dose of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine while 31 patients had not been vaccinated. The SUVmax of the lymph nodes ipsilateral to the vaccination was compared to the contralateral to obtain an absolute change in SUVmax (ΔSUVmax). Results ΔSUVmax was more significant at shorter times between FDG PET imaging and COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, with a median ΔSUVmax of 2.6 (0–7 days), 0.8 (8–14 days), and 0.3 (> 14 days), respectively. Conclusion Consideration should be given to performing FDG PET at least 2 weeks after the COVID-19 vaccine.

scholarly journals Pro-inflammatory immune response is linked to wintering habitat in a migratory shorebird

The Auk ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 137 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
José M Abad-Gómez ◽  
Auxiliadora Villegas ◽  
Jorge S Gutiérrez ◽  
Manuel Parejo ◽  
Juan G Navedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Migratory Shorebirds ◽  
Marine Habitats ◽  
Wintering Habitat ◽  
Inflammatory Immune Response

Abstract Migratory shorebirds (Charadrii) show a strong dichotomy in their breeding and wintering strategies: Arctic-breeding species typically spend the wintering season in marine habitats, while more southerly breeding species tend to do so in freshwater habitats where pathogens and parasites, particularly vector-borne blood parasites, are generally more abundant. Thus, it has been hypothesized that the former group may reduce their investment in immunity, but experimental data supporting this hypothesis are lacking. Moreover, whether this contrasting habitat selection can shape investments in immunocompetence among populations within a species is uncertain. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that there is a significant association between habitat occupancy and the strength of a pro-inflammatory immune response in the Dunlin (Calidris alpina), a widely distributed long-distance migratory shorebird that breeds in (sub-)arctic areas and winters mainly, but not exclusively, in coastal habitats. Overwintering Dunlins occupying inland freshwater and marine habitats at a similar latitude were captured and acclimated under identical conditions in outdoor aviaries. After an acclimation period, they were challenged with phytohemagglutinin to assess the pro-inflammatory immune response and its associated energetic costs, measured by basal metabolic rate (BMR) and body mass changes. We found that freshwater Dunlins exhibited a higher (63%) pro-inflammatory immune response than marine Dunlins. Although this difference did not involve significant BMR changes, the time course of body mass response differed between freshwater and marine individuals. Our findings point to the existence of different pro-inflammatory immune responses and body mass adjustments associated with the wintering habitat. These intraspecific differences are likely due to population adaptation rather than phenotypic plasticity, where not only disease risk but also physiological adaptations to different salinity levels could play an important role.

scholarly journals Paraquat Preferentially Induces Apoptosis of Late Stage Effector Lymphocyte and Impairs Memory Immune Response in Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 2060 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiming Shao ◽  
Yifan Zhao ◽  
Tingting Zhu ◽  
Fen Zhang ◽  
Xiuli Chang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin ◽  
Primary Immune Response ◽  
Secondary Immune Response ◽  
Effector Cells ◽  
Memory Immune Response ◽  
The Impact

Paraquat (PQ) is a toxic non-selective herbicide. To date, the effect of PQ on memory immune response is still unknown. We investigated the impact of PQ on memory immune response. Adult C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously injected with 2 mg/kg PQ, 20 mg/kg PQ or vehicle control every three days for two weeks. A single injection of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) at day four after the initial PQ treatment was used to induce a primary immune response; a second KLH challenge was performed at three months post the first KLH immunization to induce a secondary immune response. In steady state, treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ reduced the level of serum total IgG, but not that of IgM; treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ decreased the number of effector and memory lymphocytes, but not naïve or inactivated lymphocytes. During the primary immune response to KLH, treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ did not influence the proliferation of lymphocytes or expression of co-stimulatory molecules. Instead, treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ increased the apoptosis of lymphocytes at late stage, but not early stage of the primary immune response. During the secondary immune response to KLH, treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ reduced the serum anti-KLH IgG and KLH-responsive CD4 T cells and B cells. Moreover, effector or activated lymphocytes were more sensitive to PQ-induced apoptosis in vitro. Treatment with 2 mg/kg PQ did not impact memory immune response to KLH. Thus, treatment with 20 mg/kg PQ increased apoptosis of late stage effector cells to yield less memory cells and thereafter impair memory immune response, providing a novel understanding of the immunotoxicity of PQ.

Changes in immune responses to oxidized LDL epitopes during aging in hypercholesterolemic apoE(−/−) mice

2006 ◽  
Vol 291 (6) ◽  
pp. R1644-R1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul C. Dimayuga ◽  
Xiaoning Zhao ◽  
Juliana Yano ◽  
Kuang-Yuh Chyu
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Oxidized Ldl ◽  
Adaptive Immune Response ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
Innate Immune ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
Aortic Sinus ◽  
Adaptive Immune

Atherosclerosis is a disease associated with aging and is subject to modulation by both the innate and adaptive immune system. The time course of age-dependent changes in immune regulation in the context of atherosclerosis has not been characterized. This study aims to describe alteration of the immune responses to oxidized LDL (oxLDL) during aging that is associated with changes in plaque size and phenotype in apoE(−/−) mice. Mice fed a Western diet were euthanized at 15–17, 36, or >52 wk of age. The descending aortas were stained for assessment of extent of atherosclerosis. Plaque lipid, macrophage, and collagen content were evaluated in aortic sinus lesions. The adaptive immune response to oxLDL was assessed using anti-malondialdehyde-oxidized LDL (MDA-LDL) and copper-oxidized LDL (Cu-oxLDL) IgG, and the innate immune response was assessed using anti-Cu-oxLDL and phosphorylcholine (PC) IgM. Aging was associated with a significant increase in plaque area and collagen content and a decrease in plaque macrophage and lipid content. MDA-LDL IgG significantly increased at 36 wk but was reduced in mice >52 wk. Cu-oxLDL IgG increased with age and IgG-apoB immune complexes were increased in the >52 wk group. Cu-oxLDL and PC IgM significantly increased with age. The expression of splenic cytokines such as IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-10 increased with age. Our study shows a generalized increase in innate immune responses associated with progression of atherosclerosis and a less inflammatory and less lipid-containing plaque phenotype during aging. The adaptive immune response appeared to be less generalized, with a specific reduction in MDA-LDL IgG.

Shaping the CD4+ memory immune response against tuberculosis: the role of antigen persistence, location and multi-functionality

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindsay Ancelet ◽  
Joanna Kirman
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Rational Design ◽  
Memory T Cells ◽  
T Cell Response ◽  
Intracellular Pathogens ◽  
Memory T Cell ◽  
Antigen Persistence ◽  
Memory Immune Response

AbstractEffective vaccination against intracellular pathogens, such as tuberculosis (TB), relies on the generation and maintenance of CD4 memory T cells. An incomplete understanding of the memory immune response has hindered the rational design of a new, more effective TB vaccine. This review discusses how the persistence of antigen, the location of memory cells, and their multifunctional ability shape the CD4 memory T cell response against TB.

The Memory Immune Response to Tuberculosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna R. Kirman ◽  
Marcela I. Henao-Tamayo ◽  
Else Marie Agger
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Memory Immune Response

scholarly journals The time course of the humoral immune response to rhinovirus infection

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 659-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. S. Barclay ◽  
W. Al-Nakib ◽  
P. G. Higgins ◽  
D. A. J. Tyrrell
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Specific Antibody ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Human Rhinovirus ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Rhinovirus Infection ◽  
Nasal Secretions

SUMMARYThe specific humoral immune response of 17 volunteers to infection with human rhinovirus type 2 (HRV-2) has been measured both by neutralization and by ELISA. Six volunteers who had HRV-2-specific antibodies in either serum or nasal secretions before HRV-2 inoculation were resistant to infection and illness. Of the remaining 11 volunteers who had little pre-existing HRV-2-specific antibody, one was immune but 10 became infected and displayed increases in HRV-2-specific antibodies. These antibodies first increased 1–2 weeks after infection and reached a maximum at 5 weeks. All six resistant volunteers who had high pre-existing antibody and eight of the volunteers who became infected maintained their HRV-2-specific antibody for at least 1 year. At this time they were protected against reinfection. Two volunteers showed decreases in HRV-2-specific antibodies from either serum or nasal secretions. They became infected but not ill after HRV-2 inoculation 1 year later.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document