Dendritic cell dysfunction and implications for dendritic cell-based therapy in colorectal cancer

Clinical trials and experimental models indicate that dendritic-cell-based immunotherapy is promising for treatment of different types of cancer. However, dendritic cells (DCs) have strong immune-regulatory capacities and can not only stimulate but also dampen immune responses. It is also well known that the different DC subsets strongly influence the magnitude and quality of adaptive immune responses. In this review, to improve understanding of the DC-based immunotherapy approach, we briefly describe different DC subsets and the differentiation, maturation, and activation of these cells. One form of cancer for which there is a strong need to find, establish, and standardize new, alternative therapies is colorectal cancer. This review discusses some of the factors, including those involved in DC dysfunction, that we believe to be of major influence in DC therapy in colorectal cancer.

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Acellular Pertussis Vaccines and Pertussis Resurgence: Revise or Replace?

mBio ◽

10.1128/mbio.01339-14 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Clara Maria Ausiello ◽

Antonio Cassone

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Whooping Cough ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Content Type ◽

Antigenic Composition ◽

Cell Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Antibody Levels ◽

Stimulation Of

ABSTRACTThe resurgence of pertussis (whooping cough) in countries with high vaccination coverage is alarming and invites reconsideration of the use of current acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines, which have largely replaced the old, reactogenic, whole-cell pertussis (wP) vaccine. Some drawbacks of these vaccines in terms of limited antigenic composition and early waning of antibody levels could be anticipated by the results of in-trial or postlicensure human investigations of B- and T-cell responses in aP versus wP vaccine recipients or unvaccinated, infected children. Recent data in experimental models, including primates, suggest that generation of vaccines capable of a potent, though regulated, stimulation of innate immunity driving effective, persistent adaptive immune responses againstBordetella pertussisinfection should be privileged. Adjuvants that skew Th1/Th17 responses or new wP (detoxified or attenuated) vaccines should be explored. Nonetheless, the high merits of the current aP vaccines in persuading people to resume vaccination against pertussis should not be forgotten.

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Optimizing Dendritic Cell-Based Immunotherapy: Tackling the Complexity of Different Arms of the Immune System

Mediators of Inflammation ◽

10.1155/2012/690643 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Ilse Van Brussel ◽

Zwi N. Berneman ◽

Nathalie Cools

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Dendritic Cell ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune System ◽

Cellular Mechanisms ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

New Ideas ◽

And Function

Earlier investigations have revealed a surprising complexity and variety in the range of interaction between cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Our understanding of the specialized roles of dendritic cell (DC) subsets in innate and adaptive immune responses has been significantly advanced over the years. Because of their immunoregulatory capacities and because very small numbers of activated DC are highly efficient at generating immune responses against antigens, DCs have been vigorously used in clinical trials in order to elicit or amplify immune responses against cancer and chronic infectious diseases. A better insight in DC immunobiology and function has stimulated many new ideas regarding the potential ways forward to improve DC therapy in a more fundamental way. Here, we discuss the continuous search for optimal in vitro conditions in order to generate clinical-grade DC with a potent immunogenic potential. For this, we explore the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying adequate immune responses and focus on most favourable DC culture regimens and activation stimuli in humans. We envisage that by combining each of the features outlined in the current paper into a unified strategy, DC-based vaccines may advance to a higher level of effectiveness.

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MiR-146a in Immunity and Disease

Molecular Biology International ◽

10.4061/2011/437301 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 107

Author(s):

Nicole Rusca ◽

Silvia Monticelli

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Viral Infections ◽

Cellular Functions ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Different Types ◽

A Cell ◽

And Function

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are regulatory molecules able to influence all aspects of the biology of a cell. They have been associated with diseases such as cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune diseases, and in recent years, they also emerged as important regulators of immune responses. MiR-146a in particular is rapidly gaining importance as a modulator of differentiation and function of cells of the innate as well as adaptive immunity. Given its importance in regulating key cellular functions, it is not surprising that miR-146a expression was also found dysregulated in different types of tumors. In this paper, we summarize recent progress in understanding the role of miR-146a in innate and adaptive immune responses, as well as in disease.

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Cell Sources in Cardiac Tissue Engineering: Current Choices

Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy ◽

10.2174/1574888x16666210120101223 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 ◽

Author(s):

Peiman Brouki Milan ◽

Naser Amini ◽

Arezu Mehrabi ◽

Sepideh Mousazadeh ◽

Shima Ababzadeh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tissue Engineering ◽

Cell Therapy ◽

Therapeutic Strategy ◽

Cardiac Tissue ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Cell Transplant ◽

Cell Based Therapy ◽

Different Types ◽

Cell Sources

The past decade has evidenced numerous developments in the treatment of heart diseases, however many patients with chronic heart failure suffer from quality of life. Therapeutic methods including drug-delivery, the heart’s outside and inside the gadget, as well as heart transplantation, have been used to improve life. Cell therapy and tissue engineering have been recently introduced to medicine as a novel therapeutic approach. Treatment of heart diseases has been entered into novel lines through the introduction of cell therapy approaches. Based on the evidence, cell therapy has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of cardiac diseases. Since the first cell transplant to patients, different types of (stem) cells have been studied. The following aims to provide a comprehensive review on different types of cells and their roles used in cardiac cell-based therapy.

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Chronic Ethanol Consumption Impairs Cellular Immune Responses Against HCV NS5 Protein Due to Dendritic Cell Dysfunction

Gastroenterology ◽

10.1053/j.gastro.2006.11.016 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 132 (2) ◽

pp. 698-708 ◽

Cited By ~ 52

Author(s):

Costica Aloman ◽

Stephan Gehring ◽

Philip Wintermeyer ◽

Noriyoshi Kuzushita ◽

Jack R. Wands

Keyword(s):

Dendritic Cell ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Ethanol Consumption ◽

Chronic Ethanol ◽

Cell Dysfunction ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

Chronic Ethanol Consumption ◽

Cellular Immune

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Immunological effects of different types of synthetic CpG oligodeoxynucleotides on porcine cells

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c7ra04493c ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (68) ◽

pp. 43289-43299 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ruiqiao Li ◽

Lilin Zhang ◽

Peidian Shi ◽

Hui Deng ◽

Yi Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Animal Species ◽

Toll Like Receptor ◽

Adaptive Immune Responses ◽

Cpg Oligodeoxynucleotides ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Different Types ◽

Immunological Effects

The agonists of toll-like receptor 9, synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) containing CpG sequences, stimulate innate and adaptive immune responses in humans and a variety of animal species.

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Effects of Neuroinflammation on Neural Stem Cells

The Neuroscientist ◽

10.1177/1073858415616559 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 27-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ruxandra Covacu ◽

Lou Brundin

Keyword(s):

Immune Responses ◽

Subventricular Zone ◽

Neurological Diseases ◽

Experimental Models ◽

Adaptive Immune ◽

Neural Stem Progenitor Cells ◽

The Central Nervous System ◽

And Migration ◽

The Brain ◽

Proliferation And Migration

Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSCs/NPCs) are present in different locations in the central nervous system. In the subgranular zone (SGZ) there is a constant generation of new neurons under normal conditions. New neurons are also formed from the subventricular zone (SVZ) NSCs, and they migrate anteriorly as neuroblast to the olfactory bulb in rodents, whereas in humans migration is directed toward striatum. Most CNS injuries elicit proliferation and migration of the NSCs toward the injury site, indicating the activation of a regenerative response. However, regeneration from NSC is incomplete, and this could be due to detrimental cues encountered during inflammation. Different CNS diseases and trauma cause activation of the innate and adaptive immune responses that influence the NSCs. Furthermore, NSCs in the brain react differently to inflammatory cues than their counterparts in the spinal cord. In this review, we have summarized the effects of inflammation on NSCs in relation to their origin and briefly described the NSC activity during different neurological diseases or experimental models.

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Robustness Metrics: Consolidating the Multiple Approaches to Quantify Robustness

Journal of Mechanical Design ◽

10.1115/1.4034112 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 138 (11) ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Simon Moritz Göhler ◽

Tobias Eifler ◽

Thomas J. Howard

Keyword(s):

Major Influence ◽

Design Quality ◽

Comprehensive Overview ◽

Different Types ◽

Final Design ◽

Definition Of ◽

Robustness Metrics ◽

Probability Of Compliance

The robustness of a design has a major influence on how much the product's performance will vary and is of great concern to design, quality, and production engineers. While variability is always central to the definition of robustness, the concept does contain ambiguity, and although subtle, this ambiguity can have significant influence on the strategies used to combat variability, the way it is quantified and ultimately, the quality of the final design. In this contribution, the literature for robustness metrics was systematically reviewed. From the 108 relevant publications found, 38 metrics were determined to be conceptually different from one another. The metrics were classified by their meaning and interpretation based on the types of the information necessary to calculate the metrics. Four different classes were identified: (1) sensitivity robustness metrics; (2) size of feasible design space robustness metrics; (3) functional expectancy and dispersion robustness metrics; and (4) probability of compliance robustness metrics. The goal was to give a comprehensive overview of robustness metrics and guidance to scholars and practitioners to understand the different types of robustness metrics and to remove the ambiguities of the term robustness. By applying an exemplar metric from each class to a case study, the differences between the classes were further highlighted. These classes form the basis for the definition of four specific subdefinitions of robustness, namely the “robust concept,” “robust design,” “robust function,” and “robust product.”

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