scholarly journals Carbon input management in temperate rice paddies: implications for methane emissions and crop response

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiara Bertora ◽  
Barbara Moretti ◽  
Matteo Peyron ◽  
Simone Pelissetti ◽  
Cristina Lerda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic Input ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Ch4 Emissions ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
The Impact

Agriculture contributes to over 20% of global anthropogenic GHG emissions and irrigated paddy fields account for 5–10% of CH4 emissions. Main organic input providing methanogenesis substrate is straw. We hypothesized that removing rice straw can mitigate CH4 emissions, and that replacing its carbon (C) input with raw or solid digestate can be a valuable alternative both for crop, soil and emission responses. A mesocosm study was setup to follow crop growth, changes in soil pore water chemistry (dissolved Fe(II) and dissolved Organic C), and CH4 emissions over one cropping season on soil treated with the combination of two straw managements (removal or incorporation) and three fertilizations (mineral, raw digestate, solid digestate). Soils not receiving straw on average emitted 38 % less than soils after straw incorporation, while the two organic fertilizers did not increase emissions with respect to mineral N application. Furthermore, straw incorporation induced a yield depression independently from the fertilization strategy, probably as a result of N immobilization, especially in early stages. This was evidenced by early SPAD observations and flag leaf length, and both grain and straw final production. Moreover, the two organic fertilizers were not fully able to sustain crop N requirements with respect to the mineral fertilizer. Straw management was therefore decisive for determining both rice yield and CH4 emissions, while the impact of fertilization treatments was crucial only for crop productivity.

The effect of long-term fertilization on forage crop productivity and quality in the North

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н.Т. Чеботарёв ◽  
Н.Н. Шергина
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forage Crop ◽  
The Impact

В условиях Республики Коми в полевом стационарном опыте на дерново-подзолистой легкосуглинистой почве изучена эффективность различных доз органических и минеральных удобрений, а также совместного их применения. Исследования проводили в 1978–2019 годах на опытных полях Института агробиотехнологий ФИЦ Коми НЦ УрО РАН. Целью проводимых исследований было изучение влияния комплексного применения удобрений на продуктивность и качество кормовых культур в шестипольном севообороте. Кормовой севооборот имел следующее чередование культур: картофель, викоовсяная смесь с подсевом многолетних трав, многолетние травы 1 г.п., многолетние травы 2 г.п., викоовсяная смесь, картофель. В результате научных исследований (более 40 лет) установлено, что наиболее эффективной была органоминеральная система удобрений, особенно при внесении 80 т/га торфонавозного компоста (ТНК) и минеральных удобрений. Многолетние исследования показали, что наиболее значительные урожаи кормовых культур (в среднем за три ротации) получены при использовании 80 т/га ТНК и NPK: однолетних трав — 4,4 т/га; многолетних трав — 6,2 и картофеля — 7,1 т/га сухого вещества высокого качества. Содержание сухого вещества в клубнях картофеля в вариантах с NPK составило 18,0–18,8%, на органическом фоне — 18,4–18,9 и при комплексном применении удобрений — 17,1–17,7; в контроле — 19,6%. Количество крахмала в картофеле незначительно различалось по вариантам опыта и равнялось 12,6–13,1%. Содержание нитратов не превышало ПДК (250 мг/кг сырой массы). Количество сухого вещества в однолетних и многолетних травах изменялось незначительно и составляло 19,0–19,8 и 25,0–26,8% соответственно. Установлено, что удобрения способствовали повышению содержания сырого протеина в однолетних и многолетних травах до 13,1–15,0% (в контроле — 11,2%) и 8,8–10,6 % (в контроле — 8,1%) соответственно. The impact of various rates of organic and mineral fertilizers was analyzed in the Komi Republic on sod-podzolic soil with low loam content. The research took place at the Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology in 1978–2019. The goal was to test forage crop productivity and quality under fertilization and six-field crop rotation. Crop rotation happened as follows: potatoes, vetch-oat mixture overseeded by perennial grasses, first-year perennial grasses, second-year perennial grasses, vetch-oat mixture, potatoes. For 40 years the combination of mineral and organic fertilizers was the most effective. The highest yields for three rotations were observed under the application of 80 t ha-1 of peat-manure compost and NPK: annual grasses produced 4.4 t ha-1; perennial grasses — 6.2, and potatoes — 7.1 t ha-1 of high-quality dry matter (DM). Potato tubers accumulated 18.0–18.8% of DM under NPK application, 18.4–18.9 — under organic nutrition, 17.1–17.7 — when using complex fertilization, and 19.6% — in the control. Starch content varied within 12.6–13.1% in potatoes. Nitrate content did not exceed the maximum acceptable concentration (250 mg/kg of raw mass). DM concentrations amounted to 19.0–19.8 and 25.0–26.8% in annual and perennial grasses, respectively. Fertilization increased crude protein amount in annual and perennial grasses up to 13.1–15.0% (versus 11.2% in the control) and 8.8–10.6 % (versus 8.1%), respectively.

scholarly journals KETERSEDIAAN NITROGEN DAN POPULASI BAKERI TANAH DALAM SISTEM TANAM SRI (SYSTEM OF RICE INTENSIFICATION)

BUANA SAINS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Nurul Istiqomah ◽  
Tanya Naomi Indarto ◽  
Virgus Amien Nugroho ◽  
Cahyo Prayogo
Keyword(s):  
Soil Bacteria ◽  
Population Analysis ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Aerobic Condition ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
System Of Rice Intensification ◽  
Soil Productivity ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Impact

The obstacles that caused the declining of rice production is due to the reduction of soil fertility status. Various efforts were made to increase the production such as intensification and expansion in rice farming system. SRI cropping systems an alternative technique for improving soil productivity following maintaining water uses under an aerobic condition which exaggerated the raising of microorganisms activities in soil and improving the availability of nutrients particularly nitrogen status.This study was aimed to examine the impact of SRI system on mineral N status along with the population of soil bacteria which involving in nitrogen dynamic. The research was conducted in October 2015-March 2016 in Kepanjen-Malang using Randomized Block Design with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. Soil sampling was conducted at 0 and 100 Day After Planting (DAP) collecting at a depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm. Measured soil parameter was including pH, organic-C, mineral N (NH4+ and NO3-). Soil bacteria are identified using plate count method (spread plate) for estimating their population. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used followed by Duncan test at 5% level along with correlation and regression analysis.The results showed that the SRI cultivation system can increase the mineral N at the level of 14.09 ppm compared to their initial value, amounting to 57.48 ppm of Nitrate and the bacterial population at the level of 6.25 x 108 cfu g-1. The best treatment was found under the combination of NPK (15-15-15) and biofertilizer yielded at 8.42 t ha-1. Multivariate analysis results indicate that P0 treatment significantly different with treatment P1, P2, and P3. However, the treatment of P1 were not significantly different P3.

Effect of different rates of application of organic and nitrogen fertilizers in a rice-based cropping system

1991 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sharma ◽  
B. N. Mittra
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
Farmyard Manure ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizers ◽  
Lateritic Soil ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Organic C

SUMMARYThe effect on soil fertility and crop performance of different organic fertilizers; paddy straw (PS), farmyard manure (FYM), water hyacinth compost (WHC) and tank silt (TS), at different rates of application and in combination with N fertilizer, was studied in a rice-based cropping system on an acid lateritic soil at Kharagpur, India, during 1985/86. Organic manuring of wet-season rice (first crop) with 5 t PS/ha 10 days before transplanting and 10 t FYM or 10 t WHC/ha at transplanting increased grain yield as much as the application of 30 kg N/ha. Increasing the rates of FYM and WHC application up to 15 t/ha increased yield but increasing the rate of PS beyond 5 t/ha did not. Response to increasing amounts of N was not linear; there was a significant increase up to 90 kg N/ha and a decrease when N was applied in conjunction with organic fertilizers. There was a significant increase in the N uptake of the rice but a decrease in the recovery of applied fertilizer N with the application of increasing rates of organic and N fertilizer.The organic C content of the soil after the rice harvest increased significantly after PS application, whereas there was more available N after WHC and FYM. Increasing the rate of application of PS up to 15 t/ha increased organic C but not available N. Mineral N fertilizer had little effect on fertility build-up. Grain yields of wheat and gram (Cicer arietinum), grown after rice without any additional fertilizer, increased significantly. The residual N effect of the previous crop on wheat or gram yield was small and adding fertilizer directly is considered essential for higher productivity in these crops in a rice-based cropping system.

Simultaneous recording of diurnal changes in leaf turgor pressure and stem water status of bread wheat reveal variation in hydraulic mechanisms in response to drought

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 1001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Bramley ◽  
Rebecca Bitter ◽  
Gertraud Zimmermann ◽  
Ulrich Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Water Status ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Turgor Pressure ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Simultaneous Recording ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Stem Water ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Kinetics Of

Information about water relations within crop canopies is needed to improve our understanding of canopy resource distribution and crop productivity. In this study, we examined the dehydration/rehydration kinetics of different organs of wheat plants using ZIM-probes that continuously monitor water status non-destructively. ZIM-probes were clamped to the flag leaf and penultimate leaf of the same stem to monitor changes in turgor pressure, and a novel stem probe was clamped to the peduncle (just below the spike of the same stem) to monitor changes in stem water status. All organs behaved similarly under well-watered conditions, dehydrating and recovering at the same times of day. When water was withheld, the behaviour diverged, with the leaves showing gradual dehydration and incomplete recovery in leaf turgor pressure during the night, but the stem was affected to a lesser extent. Penultimate leaves were the most severely affected, reaching turgor loss point before the flag leaf. Upon rewatering, turgor pressure recovered but the output patch-pressure of the probes (Pp) oscillated at ~30 min periods in all organs of most plants (n = 4). Oscillations in Pp were attributed to oscillations in stomatal opening and appear to only occur above a threshold light intensity. The mechanisms identified in this study will be beneficial for crop productivity because the flag leaf is the source of most photoassimilates in developing grains, so the plant’s ability to maintain flag leaf hydration at the expense of older leaves should moderate the impact of drought on yield. Stomatal oscillations could increase water use efficiency as the plant attempts to rehydrate after drought.

scholarly journals Distributions of straw-derived carbon in Mollisol’s aggregates under different fertilization practices

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuang Ge ◽  
Tingting An ◽  
Roland Bol ◽  
Shuangyi Li ◽  
Ping Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Northeast China ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
C Sequestration ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Straw Incorporation

AbstractStraw incorporation is an effective measure for increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) thereby improving soil quality and crop productivity. However, quantitative assessments of the transformation and distribution of exogenous carbon (C) in soil aggregates under various field fertilization practices have been lacking. In this study, we collected topsoil samples (0–20 cm) from three fertilization treatments (no fertilization control, CK; inorganic fertilizer, IF; inorganic fertilizer plus manure, IFM) at a 29-year long-term Mollisol experiment in Northeast China. We then mixed the soil samples with 13C-labeled maize straw (δ13C = 246.9‰), referred as CKS, IFS, and IFMS, and incubated them in-situ for 360 days. Initial and incubated soil samples were separated into four aggregate fractions (> 2, 1–2, 0.25–1, and < 0.25 mm) using the dry-sieving method, which counted 18%, 17%, 45%, and 21% (averages from the three initial soil samples), respectively. Organic C content was highest in 0.25–1 mm aggregate (6.9–9.6 g kg−1) prior to incubation, followed by > 2 mm aggregates (2.2–5.8 g kg−1), 1–2 mm aggregates (2.4–4.6 g kg−1), and < 0.25 mm aggregates (3.3–4.5 g kg−1). After 360-day incubation with straw incorporation, organic C content was 2.3–4.5 g kg−1, 2.9–5.0 g kg−1, 7.2–11 g kg−1 and 1.8–3.0 g kg−1 in > 2, 1–2, 0.25–1, and < 0.25 mm aggregates, respectively, with the highest in the IFMS treatment. Straw-derived C content was 0.02–0.05 g kg−1, 0.03–0.04 g kg−1, 0.11–0.13 g kg−1, and 0.05–0.10 g kg−1 in > 2, 1–2, 0.25–1, and < 0.25 mm aggregates, respectively. The relative distribution of straw-derived C was highest (40–49%) in 0.25–1 mm aggregate, followed by < 0.25 mm aggregates (21–31%), 1–2 mm aggregates (13–15%), and > 2 mm aggregates (9.4–16%). During the incubation, the relative distribution of straw-derived C exhibited a decrease in > 2 mm and 1–2 mm aggregates, but an increase in the < 0.25 mm aggregate. At the end of incubation, the relative distribution of straw-derived C showed a decrease in the 0.25–1 mm aggregate but an increase in the < 0.25 mm aggregate under the IFMS treatment. This study indicates that more straw-derived C would be accumulated in smaller aggregates over longer period in Mollisols, and combined inorganic and organic fertilization is an effective measure for C sequestration in Northeast China.

scholarly journals Assistance for Healthy Cultivation of Chili Plants on Sub-Optimal Land in Facing the Impact of Climate Change in Sumbawa Regency

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ieke Wulan Ayu ◽  
Ikhlas Suhada ◽  
Wening Kusumawardani ◽  
Ade Maryam Oklima ◽  
Yhosa Novantara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Health ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Training Methods ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Plant Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Environmental stress is a major challenge in sustainable food production, because it can reduce crop productivity, specifically chilies on sub-optimal land. The use of liquid organic fertilizers containing complete macro and micro nutrients is highly needed, so that plants thrive and are healthy and are more resistant to pathogens. This activity aimed to improve the knowledge and skills of farmer group partners about healthy plant cultivation technology on sub-optimal land. Assistance activities were carried out for the Hasrat Indah farmer group in Kerato Village, Unter Iwes District, Sumbawa Regency, during July 2020 by using extension and training methods. The results of the activity indicated that this assistance activity can improve the farmers’ knowledge about healthy cultivation of chilies, and the application of fertilizers at the right time by using liquid organic fertilizers. The successes achieved in the process of empowering farmers in this activity included increasing farmers’ knowledge of soil health, healthy cultivation of chilies, and the application of using liquid organic fertilizers. Abstrak Cekaman lingkungan merupakan tantangan utama dalam produksi pangan berkelanjutan, karena dapat mengurangi produktivitas tanaman, terutama pada tanaman cabe di lahan sub optimal. Penggunaan pupuk organik cair yang mengandung zat hara makro dan mikro lengkap sangat diperlukan agar tanaman tumbuh subur dan sehat serta lebih tahan terhadap patogen.  Tujuan kegiatan adalah untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan keterampilan mitra kelompok tani terkait teknologi budidaya tanaman sehat di lahan sub optimal. Kegiatan pendampingan dilakukan pada kelompok tani Hasrat Indah di Desa Kerato Kecamatan Unter Iwes Kabupaten Sumbawa,  selama bulan Juli 2020 dengan metode penyuluhan, dan pelatihan. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa melalui pendampingan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan petani tentang budidaya sehat pada tanaman cabe, aplikasi pupuk pada waktu yang tepat dengan menggunakan pupuk organik cair. Keberhasilan pemberdayaan petani dalam kegiatan ini adalah petani mengetahui tentang kesehatan tanah, budidaya sehat tanaman cabe, dan aplikasi penggunaan pupuk organik cair.

scholarly journals The Effects of pH Change through Liming on Soil N2O Emissions

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 702
Author(s):  
Muhammad Shaaban ◽  
Yupeng Wu ◽  
Lei Wu ◽  
Ronggui Hu ◽  
Aneela Younas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Microbial Biomass C ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Acidic Soils ◽  
Emission Mitigation ◽  
Ph Change ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
The Impact

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an overwhelming greenhouse gas and agricultural soils, particularly acidic soils, are the main source of its release to the atmosphere. To ameliorate acidic soil condition, liming materials are added as an amendment. However, the impact of liming materials has not been well addressed in terms of exploring the effect of soil pH change on N2O emissions. In the present study, a soil with pH 5.35 was amended with liming materials (CaMg(CO3)2, CaCO3, Ca(OH)2 and CaO) to investigate their effects on N2O emissions. The results indicate that application of liming materials reduced the magnitudes of N2O emissions. The maximum reduction of soil N2O emissions took place for Ca(OH)2 treatment when compared to the other liming materials, and was related to increasing soil pH. Mineral N, dissolved organic C, and microbial biomass C were also influenced by liming materials, but the trend was inconsistent to the soil pH change. The results suggest that N2O emission mitigation is more dependent on soil pH than C and N dynamics when comparing the different liming materials. Moreover, ameliorating soil acidity is a promising option to mitigate N2O emissions from acidic soils.

Pasture type and fertilization effects on soil chemical properties and nutrient redistribution

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Chen ◽  
W P McCaughey ◽  
C A Grant ◽  
L D Bailey
Keyword(s):  
Surface Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Extractable P ◽  
The Impact

Soil samples were collected from beef pastures varying in species composition and fertilizer inputs after being grazed by cow-calf pairs for 4 yr (1995-1998) near Brandon, Manitoba. The objective of this experiment is to examine the impact of 4 yr of continuous rotational grazing on soil chemical properties and nutrient redistribution in mixed alfalfa-grass and pure-grass pastures with or without fertilization. Pastures were established on an Orthic Black Chernozemic, fine sandy-loam soil. Compared with N-fertilized pure-grass pastures, alfalfa-grass pastures had greater seasonal soil mineral-N supply, and tended to have higher total soil C, N and organic C. In grazed systems in this environment, the use of alfalfa as the primary N source may be more profitable and sustainable than using fertilizer N. However, considering the seasonal changes in soil nitrification rate observed in alfalfa-grass pastures, caution needs to be taken when stands with high legume content are used to maximize animal performance, because this may increase the risk of N losses into the environment. Fertilization over a 5-yr period (1994-1998) tended to lower surface soil pH. Application of P significantly increased soil “extractable” P levels in the top 15-cm soil layer. However, K fertilization only increased surface soil “extractable” K slightly compared with unfertilized pastures. There was also no effect of S application on soil “extractable” S. Zone effects on soil mineral N and soil “extractable” P, K and S were limited to the surface (0–7.5 cm). For mineral N, the zone effect seemed to be more pronounced in first rotation than in second rotation. The magnitude of K redistribution was greater than for S and P due to higher K intake and excretion. Use of rotational stocking with short grazing periods appears to have resulted in a relatively even redistribution of nutrients derived from animal excreta. Key words: Grazing, beef pasture, nitrogen dynamics, sustainability

Study on floral traits and seed setting in parental lines of hybrid rice during early ahu and kharif seasons

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aradhana Phukan ◽  
P. K. Barua ◽  
D. Sarma ◽  
S. D. Deka
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Pollen Dispersal ◽  
Pollen Sterility ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Floral Traits ◽  
Opening Angle ◽  
Leaf Angle ◽  
Seed Setting ◽  
Parental Lines

Two CMS lines, IR 58025A and IR 68888A along with their maintainers and two fertility restorers, LuitR and IR 36R, were evaluated for flower and plant characters during early ahu (February-June) and kharif (July-November) seasons. IR 58025A showed longer stigmata and styles, and higher spikelet Length/Breadth (L/B) ratio while IR 68888A showed broader stigmata and wider glume opening angle in both the seasons. IR 68888A also exhibited higher pollen sterility during early ahu. IR 36R was characterized with broad anthers. LuitR showed longer and broader anthers with more pollen than others. Plant height, flag leaf length, flag leaf width and area were higher in IR 36R. Panicle exsertion was complete in pollen parents whereas it was 78-80% in CMS lines. The widest flag leaf angle was found in IR 58025B during early Ahu and in IR 36R during kharif. Kharif season was more favourable for growth of the plants with higher seed set percentage while floral traits of the CMS lines were better expressed in early Ahu. Manipulation of the seeding sequence of the parental lines in early Ahu is warranted for better seed set provided the seed crop escapes heavy premonsoon showers during reproductive stage. IR 68888A/LuitR was a good combination for pollen dispersal and seed setting.

Influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in relation to crop productivity in an acid Inceptisols

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Debasis Purohit ◽  
Mitali Mandal ◽  
Avisek Dash ◽  
Kumbha Karna Rout ◽  
Narayan Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The Impact

An effective approach for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity simultaneously through exploitation of biological potential for efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crops is very much needed in this current era. Thus, an attempt is made here to investigate the impact of long term fertilization in the soil ecology in rice-rice cropping system in post kharif - 2015 in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an acidic sandy soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with quadruplicated treatments. Soil samples at different growth stages of rice were collected from long term fertilizer experiment.The studied long-term manured treatments included 100 % N, 100% NP, 100 % NPK, 150 % NPK and 100 % NPK+FYM (5 t ha-1) and an unmanured control. Soil fertility status like SOC content and other available nutrient content has decreased continuously towards the crop growth period. Comparing the results of different treatments, it was found that the application of 100% NPK + FYM exhibited highest nutrient content in soils. With regards to microbial properties it was also observed that the amount of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN) showed highest accumulation in 100 % NPK + FYM at maximum tillering stage of the rice. The results further reveal that dehydrogenase activity was maximum at panicle initiation stage and thereafter it decreases. Soil organic carbon content, MBC, MBN and dehydrogenase activity were significantly correlated with each other. Significant correlations were observed between rice yield and MBC at maturity stage( R2 = 0.94**) and panicle initiation stage( R2 = 0.92**) and available nitrogen content at maturity stage( R2 = 0.91**).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document