scholarly journals A community-based oral health promotion model for HIV patients in Nairobi, East District in Kenya: a study protocol

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucina N. Koyio ◽  
Wil J.M. Van der Sanden ◽  
Andre Van der Ven ◽  
Jan Mulder ◽  
Nico H.J. Creugers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Medical Training ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Community Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Oral Health Promotion

<em>Background</em>: General HIV-related orofacial lesions, most commonly oropharyngeal candidiasis, have a typical clinical appearance and can be recognised by members of the community. Although affected patients often experience pain leading to compromised eating and swallowing, barriers such as social stigma and lack of knowledge regarding available services may prevent them from seeking early care. Educating the community about these lesions through community health workers (CHWs) who are democratically elected community members may encourage individuals affected to seek early oral health-care in the health facilities. A health facility (HF) is a health centre mainly run by clinical officers (CO),<em> i.e. </em>personnel with a 3-year medical training, and nurses. This study aims to evaluate the effect of a CHW training programme on: i) their knowledge and recognition of HIV-related oral-facial lesions at a community level; and ii) referral of affected patients from the community to the HFs. <em>Design and Methods</em>: All 800 CHWs in 2 administrative divisions of Nairobi East District (test group n=400; control group n=400) will be selected. The test group will receive training. CHWs in both groups will be assessed at 4 time points: −3, 0, +3 and +6 months with reference to the training on: i) their knowledge of HIV-related orofacial lesions (using a written questionnaire); and ii) their performance in referring affected patients to the HFs (using clinical data). <em>Expected Impact</em>: Early recognition of HIV-related orofacial lesions at a community level will prompt community members to seek early oral care, leading to early HIV testing and counselling regarding failure of antiretroviral therapy, while treatment outcomes are still favourable.

Effectiveness of Family-Centered Oral Health Promotion on Toddler Oral Health in Hong Kong

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110366
Author(s):  
K.F. Yu ◽  
W. Wen ◽  
P. Liu ◽  
X. Gao ◽  
E.C.M. Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Educational Counseling ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Family Centered ◽  
Counseling Approach

Early childhood caries is common in Hong Kong, and parental practices on maintaining good oral health of their young children are far from satisfactory. This article reports on the effectiveness of a randomized controlled trial on family-centered oral health promotion to new parents in establishing proper feeding habits and oral hygiene practices and in reducing caries risk among 3-y-old toddlers. At baseline, pregnant mothers and their husbands were recruited and randomly allocated into 2 groups. The test group received individualized oral health education (OHE) via a behavioral and educational counseling approach while the control group received the OHE pamphlets only. Information related to the feeding habits, oral hygiene practices, and oral health of the toddlers was collected by parent-completed questionnaires and oral examination annually via home visits. A total of 580 families were recruited at baseline, and 436 toddlers were followed up when they reached 3 y old (test, n = 228; control, n = 208; follow-up rate, 75.2%). The proportions of toddlers who held food in the mouth, fell asleep when milk feeding, had prolonged use of the nursing bottle, ate before bed, and consumed a sweet snack daily were significantly lower in the test group than in the control group (all P < 0.05). Significantly higher proportions of toddlers brushed their own teeth twice daily, were brushed by their parents twice daily, and used fluoride toothpaste than in the control group (all P < 0.001). Toddlers in the test group had better oral health status with a lower level of visible plaque, Streptococcus mutans, white spot lesion, and cavitated lesion (all P < 0.05). Family-centered oral health promotion and individualized OHE for parents via a behavioral and educational counseling approach are more effective in establishing good feeding habits and parental toothbrushing practices and in decreasing the caries risk of their toddlers than the distribution of OHE pamphlets alone (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02937194).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of a family-centered behavioral and educational counselling approach to improve periodontal health of pregnant women: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Liu ◽  
Weiye Wen ◽  
Ka Fung Yu ◽  
Xiaoli Gao ◽  
Edward Chin Man Lo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Family Centered

Abstract Background Poor oral hygiene and high hormone levels during pregnancy can lead to a deterioration in periodontal health. This study assessed the effectiveness of a family-centered behavioral and educational counselling program on improving the periodontal health of women during pregnancy and postpartum. Methods A randomized controlled trial was conducted among pregnant women (10th-22nd gestational week) and their husbands. Participating families were randomized into test and control groups. Intervention in the test group included explanation of oral health education (OHE) pamphlets, oral hygiene instruction, individualized feedback, and proposed solutions to overcome barriers in self-care. Reinforcements were implemented in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy and six months postpartum. In the control group, only OHE pamphlets were distributed. The assessed outcomes were bleeding on probing (BOP), periodontal pocket (Poc), loss of clinical attachment (LoA), and Visible Plaque Index (VPI). The data collection was carried out at baseline (T0), in the 32nd gestational week (T1), and 12 months postpartum (T2). Results Altogether 589 pregnant women were recruited, and 369 attended all three visits (test:188; control:181). In the test group, the mean VPI score at T0 was 0.19, which decreased to 0.14 at T1 and 0.15 at T2. In the control group, the mean VPI decreased from 0.19 at T0 to 0.16 at T1, but increased to 0.22 at T2. A main effect of time and intervention and an interaction between time and intervention were detected (all p < 0.05), indicating that the intervention effect differed between T1 and T2. The test group showed a significantly greater decrease over time than the control group did. Similarly, the mean BOP% decreased more significantly over time in the test group (T0:57%, T1:46%, T2:35%) than in the control group (T0:58%, T1:52%, T2:46%). For Poc and LoA, there were improvements in both study groups at 12 months postpartum, compared with during pregnancy (p < 0.001). Conclusions Providing family-centered, behavioral, and educational counselling to pregnant women at an early stage of pregnancy and with reinforcements can improve their oral hygiene and reduce gingival inflammation. The effect can be sustained over an extended period and is greater than that of distributing oral health leaflets alone. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov, #NCT02937194. Registered 18 October 2016. Retrospectively registered, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02937194?cond=Family-centered+oral+health+promotion+for+new+parents+and+their+infants&draw=2&rank=1

scholarly journals Experiential learning for adolescents – results from a 2-year school-based oral health educational program

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. S61-S64
Author(s):  
Roxana Romanita Ilici ◽  
Andreea Cristiana Didilescu ◽  
Ruxandra Sfeatcu ◽  
Mihaela Adina Dumitrache
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Experiential Learning ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Tooth Brushing ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Educational Approach ◽  
School Based ◽  
And Behavior

Background: For oral health promotion, teenagers represent an important target group, given that appropriate personal oral hygiene and dietary behaviors are established during this period of life. Experiential learning is an educational approach where learning comes through experience. The aim of the Erasmus+ project “Youth Community-Based Oral Health Learning Model” was to assess the influence of a school-based experiential education program on oral health status, knowledge and behavior among a group of schoolchildren in Bucharest. Methods: This longitudinal interventional study started in 2015 and enrolled 120 adolescents from three public schools. At baseline, all subjects were clinically examined and received a questionnaire. They were split into two groups: the test group received three experiential lessons and control group benefited from a demonstration of tooth brushing technique. Results were presented for the test group, 76 schoolchildren, divided in two age groups: 13-14 years and 15-16 years. More children from the test group adopted twice-daily tooth brushing compared to the control group. The level of knowledge was good, but the role of a noncariogenic diet must be emphasized. Conclusions: The oral health program had positive effects on oral health knowledge and behavior among adolescents. The present study indicated that intervention using experiential learning involving dental students was effective in increasing oral health attitudes and behavior among adolescents from 13-16 years of age included in the study.

Effects of Passive Immunization by Anti-Gingipain IgY on the Oral Health of Cats Fed Kibble Diets

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 275-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Massae Oba ◽  
Fernanda Corrêa Devito ◽  
João Paulo Fernandes Santos ◽  
Rafael Nóbrega Stipp ◽  
Márcia de Oliveira Sampaio Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Adverse Reactions ◽  
Passive Immunization ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Mixed Breed ◽  
Prevalent Disease ◽  
Adult Cats ◽  
Key Microorganisms

Porphyromonas gulae is one of the key microorganisms in biofilm dysbiosis that leads to periodontal disease, a prevalent disease in cats. Gingipains are proteases secreted that promote the disruption of cell adhesion and the differentiation of osteoclasts. The use of anti-gingipain immunoglobulin Y (IgY-GP) has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional prevention and treatment methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of IgY-GP on different parameters related to oral health in cats. Twenty adult mixed-breed cats were divided into 2 groups of 10 cats fed with 2 extruded diets differing only by coating. The control group received a coating of 4 g/kg of powdered egg and the test group received a coating of 4 g/kg of IgY-GP. The experiment followed a crossover design with 2 periods, each lasting 40 days with a washout period of 30 days. The evaluated parameters were plaque, calculus, gingivitis index, and percentage of Porphyromonas gingivalis of the oral cavity (%PG-OC) at baseline and after 40 days of diet consumption. All cats remained healthy throughout the study and no adverse reactions or side effects were observed. After 40 days of IgY-GP consumption, the plaque index was significantly lower compared to the baseline ( P = .0133). There were no significant changes in calculus index, gingivitis index, and %PG-OC between groups after 40 days ( P > .05). The consumption of IgY-GP reduces plaque accumulation, which may lead to an improvement in the oral health of adult cats.

scholarly journals Effects of Air Pollution on the Vital Capacity of Commercial Motorcyclists in Nigeria Population

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
G. U. Ezeja ◽  
C. U. Onwudiwe ◽  
O. D. Nwodo ◽  
G. Umahi-Ottah ◽  
N. D. Nwobodo
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Control Group ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Measuring Device ◽  
The Mean

Background: Ambient air pollution is a serious challenge to human health in most West African countries including Nigeria. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effects of dust inhalation on the vital capacity of commercial motorcyclists in Abakaliki metropolis. Methods: 200 subjects participated in this study, 100 commercial motorcyclists (test group) and 100 non-motorcyclists (control group). The mean ± S.D of their age, height and weight were calculated. Vital capacity was measured using a spirometer. A questionnaire and consent form was filled by every participant before the commencement of the study. A handheld laser dust measuring device called air sampler PCE-PCO 1 was used to analyze the quantity, quality and sizes of particulate matters present in the research area. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics; Mean and standard deviations were calculated and the Z-test was used to test if the mean were significantly different. Level of significance was set at 95%. Results: The age of participants were within the range of 25 – 30 years. Commercial motorcyclists were exposed to particulate matter 0.5, 1.0 and 2.5 µm. The vital capacity of commercial motorcyclists was significantly lower than that of non-motorcyclists (p =0.01). Furthermore, a significant decrease in the vital capacity of commercial motorcyclists was observed when correlated with the number of years spent in the job (p = 0.03). There was also a significant correlation between vital capacity and hours spent per week among commercial motorcyclists (r = 0.245). Conclusion: Commercial motorcyclists need to be encouraged to adopt respiratory health safety strategies like use of full-face helmets, practice of active cycle of breathing techniques and also, be educated on air pollution hazards by public health workers.

scholarly journals ’n Empiriese ondersoek na die sosiale en mediese omstandighede van gelowiges met MIV/VIGS ten einde riglyne vir hoop-getuienis te bepaal

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erina Du Plooy Bain ◽  
Ben J. De Klerk
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Eternal Life ◽  
Control Group ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Signature Strengths ◽  
Positive Signature ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Group Interviews ◽  
Living With Hiv

Hierdie eerste artikel in ’n reeks waar die sentrale en skerpsinnig-wyse sleutelposisie van eskatologiese hoop en getuienis daarvan in die lewe van die gelowiges met MIV/VIGS beklemtoon word, fokus op die mediese en sosiale omstandighede van die persoon met Vigs in ’n terminale fase. Empiriese navorsing is onderneem aan die hand van ’n kwalitatiewe studie by die gesondheidsentrum van ’n voorstedelike motorvervaardigingsaanleg. Die navorsingsontwerp en -metodologie word bespreek en geverifieer. Twee groepsonderhoude met multi-veranderlikes per deelnemer (gelowiges met MIV/VIGS  en ’n kontrolegroep van mediese personeel/gesondheidwerkers) wat onderneem is, het vasgestel dat die persone met MIV/VIGS in ’n uiters negatiewe situasie leef, wat onder meer bestuurbaar gemaak word deur die sogenaamde signature strengths van die Positiewe Psigologie. Pastorale behoeftes sluit gebed, vertroosting en koinonia/samesyn (fellowship) in. Opvolartikels sal fokus op die bydrae van die metateorieë van die mediese en kommunikasiewetenskap en die Positiewe Psigologie as komplementerende ervaringsveld. Op ’n veel hoër vlak is spirituele gesondheid en heling as vrug van die Heilige Gees van kardinale belang vir die ewige lewe: versterkende geestelike krag vanuit hulle eskatologiese hoop vir die ewige lewe saam met God, waar geen swaarkry is nie. Praktiese riglyne tot kerugmatiese, liturgiese, koinoniale en diakoniale getuienis oor hoop sal in hierdie opvolgartikels voorgestel word.An empirical investigation into the social and medical conditions of religious people living with HIV or AIDS in order to determine guidelines for hope. This first article in a series where the central and perspicacious position of eschatological hope and witnessing thereof in the life of a believer with HIV or AIDS is emphasised, focuses on the medical and social circumstances of people with HIV or AIDS. Empirical research via a qualitative study at the health centre of an urban vehicle manufacturing plant was conducted in this study. The research methodology and design are discussed and verified. Two group interviews with multi-variables per participant (believers with HIV or AIDS  and a control group of health workers) established that people living with HIV or AIDS are spiritually enormously strengthened by their eschatological hope of eternal life with God without this earthly suffering. Pastoral needs include prayer, comfort and koinonia and/or fellowship. They revealed an extremely grave situation, which can, however, be made manageable with inter alia positive signature strengths. Follow-up articles will focus on the contribution of meta-theories of complementary and entwined sciences. Practical guidelines in terms of witnessing hope by means of kerygmatical, liturgical, koinonial and diaconial communication and acts will be suggested in these articles.

scholarly journals Politicking with Health Care and Its Implications for the Attainment of Universal Health Coverage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aloysius Odii ◽  
Pamela Ogbozor ◽  
Charles Orjiakor ◽  
Prince Agwu ◽  
Obinna Onwujekwe
Keyword(s):  
Universal Health Coverage ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Healthcare Delivery ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Healthcare Staff ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Universal Health

Abstract Background Primary Health Centres (PHCs) are acknowledged key to the achievement of Universal Health Coverage (UHC) owing to their closeness to the grass-root and the constant patronage by low- and middle-income class citizens. An impediment to the efficiency of PHCs is the nature of politics on-going in its operation beginning from its physical construction, employment of staff, among others. This study provides evidence of politicking marring the efficiency of PHCs as well as possible solutions to the issue. Method The study was carried out in eight purposively selected PHC facilities drawn from three local government areas in Enugu State, southeast Nigeria. Data were collected using in-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs). The IDIs involved sixteen participants that cut across frontline health workers, heads and supervisors of health units at the local governments, and chairpersons of the health facility committees (HFCCs). In addition, four FGDs were held with male and female service users of the facilities. Findings It was discovered that certain powerful community members influenced the locations of PHCs, even when the general community is disfavoured by such decision. Powerful group of persons equally influence the recruitment and sanctioning of healthcare staff. The consequences include weak patronage of the facilities and poor healthcare delivery. Of the several solutions, obtaining localised support from powerful persons in the community to enforce fairness featured strongly. Conclusions The politics around primary healthcare is a threat to the achievement of UHC, since it discourages patronage and encourages inefficiency of healthcare staff. To overcome this, there is the need to facilitate genuine participation of community members and implementing local actions and policies in the facilitation of PHCs, and also, rapidly addressing the excesses of powerful groups and individuals. Key words: Primary Health Centre; Politicking; Universal Health Coverage; Power; Politics

scholarly journals The Effect of Educational Intervention Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior in Promotion of Oral Health Behaviors in Pregnant Women of Rafsanjan City, Kerman, Iran

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Farzaneh ◽  
Zahra Asadollahi ◽  
Mohammad Asadpour ◽  
Zohre Rahaei ◽  
Farzaneh Sardari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Planned Behavior ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Oral Health Behavior ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction: Theory of planned behavior can provide a framework for intervention to understand how to prevent health problems. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of training intervention based on the theory of planned behavior in promoting oral health behavior of pregnant women who visit health care centers of Rafsanjan. Methods: In this educational intervention trial, 100 pregnant women in Rafsanjan were selected by multi-stage sampling in 2016. Initially, four centers were randomly selected, followed by two centers selected as intervention groups and two centers as control groups. Data were collected using a three-part researcher-made questionnaire, that were completed by pregnant women in two periods, ie, before and three months after the intervention. Quantitative data were presented as mean ± SD and qualitative data as n (%). First, the homogeneity of the two groups was examined using an independent t-test and chi-square test. Data were analyzed with SPSS 18. The significance level of all tests was considered to be 0.05. Results: Findings showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the demographics of the two groups (p> 0.05). After the implementation of the program, the mean score of intervention in all constructs of the theory of planned behavior model was significant between the control and intervention groups (p < 0.001). Following the educational program, the oral health behavior of pregnant women increased in the intervention group (3.72 ± 4.22) which was significantly higher than the control group (1.48 ± 2.58) (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that educational interventions can focus on the subjective norm which had fruitful results in the field of oral health. This theory can be used as an appropriate model for oral health promotion programs.

scholarly journals 1527Effect of a text-messaging intervention on oral self-care practices in antenatal women in Delhi, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 50 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saurav Basu ◽  
Anjali Rajeev ◽  
Suneela Garg ◽  
Mongjam Singh
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Text Messages ◽  
Oral Health Promotion ◽  
Text Message Intervention

Abstract Objective to determine the effect of a mHealth (text-message) intervention compared with a structured health educational session on the oral care and hygiene practices of pregnant women. Methods We conducted a pilot Randomized Control Trial parallel design superiority trial with a 1:1 allocation ratio. A total of 76 pregnant women up-to 20 weeks of gestational age and capable of reading mobile phone text-messages were recruited during August-October’ 2020 from the antenatal clinic of a primary health centre in a low-income urban agglomeration in Delhi, India. The mHealth intervention arm participants were sent a daily text-message for 30 days while all participants were provided a face-face, brief didactic structured educational sessions towards oral health promotion. Results The baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable in terms of age-structure, education, parity, and oral hygiene but differed in terms of oral health problems. Post-intervention, although, the twice-brushing frequency increased in both arms, only the mHealth arm revealed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of missed twice daily brushing episodes (p = 0.016). The absolute effect size for the primary outcome signifying the difference in the proportion of participants reporting twice daily brushing frequency habit between the mHealth and comparison arms’ was 0.090, the Cohen’s H was 0.182, and the odds of twice brushing habit in the mHealth arm was 1.44 times higher than in the comparison arm. Conclusions a mHealth based daily text-message intervention for one month was not superior to a one-time brief didactic structured educational intervention for oral health promotion in antenatal women. Keywords mHealth; Dental health promotion; Dental health education; Antenatal care

scholarly journals USE OF WIDAL TEST IN DIAGNOSIS OF TYPHOID FEVER IN NORTH INDIAN POPULATION BY ESTIMATING BASELINE TITER IN CONTROL GROUP

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 251
Author(s):  
Shetty Jeevan
Keyword(s):  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Enteric Fever ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Widal Test ◽  
Medical College

Objective: This study was undertaken to establish a cutoff significant titer for Widal test using healthy volunteers as control group. Utilizing the baseline titer obtained from the control group, a diagnosis of typhoid fever was made in the test group comprising outpatients and inpatients. Methods: Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers and patients attending G.S Medical College and Hospital, Pilkhuwa, over a period of 6 months from September 2016 to March 2017. Antibodies to Salmonella typhi (TO, TH) and Paratyphi A (AH) and Paratyphi B (BH) are determined by this tube agglutination test. A total of 124 healthy controls and 303 patients having clinical suspicion of typhoid fever were subjected to Widal test. Results: In healthy control group, titer TO ≥20 was observed in 43 (34.7%), TO ≥40 in 48 (38.7%), TO≥80 in 25 (20.2%), and titer TO ≥160, TO ≥320 was observed in none of the control group. Titer TH ≥40 in 58 (46.8%), AH ≥40 in 7 (5.6%), and BH ≥40 in 13 (10.5%) were observed in the control group. Among the test group, 96 (31.7%) sera were positive out of 303 clinically suspected enteric fever by the Widal test. Among different age group studied, 34 (46.6%) patients belonged to the age group of 11-20 years which formed the highest followed by the age group of 21-30 years (33.3%). Conclusion: Based on the study, a cutoff titer of ≥160 for anti-O and anti-H antibodies and titer of ≥80 for anti-AH and anti-BH antibodies be considered as significant titer in diagnosis of enteric fever in this region. The baseline titer helps in early recognition and treatment of this serious health problem.

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