scholarly journals Dietary advice to cardiovascular patients. A brief update for physicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Visioli ◽  
Andrea Poli
Keyword(s):  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Everyday Practice ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Individual Preferences ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Protective Food ◽  
Clinical Advances

It is important, in our opinion, to provide physicians with a brief update of scientifically-sound evidence in preventive nutrition, to be employed in their everyday practice, since the latest scientific and clinical advances in this area are generally not well known. Here, we review the most recent evidence in support of an optimal cardio-protective diet, and we identify the need to focus mainly on protective food which should be part of such diet, rather than on nutrients with negative effects to be limited (salt, saturated fats, simple sugars). We conclude that, to favor patient compliance, it is also necessary to underscore indications on the topics for which there is convincing and coherent literature, leaving other less-explored aspects to individual preferences.

scholarly journals TMA, A Forgotten Uremic Toxin, but Not TMAO, Is Involved in Cardiovascular Pathology

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Jaworska ◽  
Dagmara Hering ◽  
Grażyna Mosieniak ◽  
Anna Bielak-Zmijewska ◽  
Marta Pilz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Correlation Spectroscopy ◽  
Uremic Toxin ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Rat Cardiomyocytes ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Fluorescence Correlation ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients

Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) has been suggested as a marker and mediator of cardiovascular diseases. However, data are contradictory, and the mechanisms are obscure. Strikingly, the role of the TMAO precursor trimethylamine (TMA) has not drawn attention in cardiovascular studies even though toxic effects of TMA were proposed several decades ago. We assessed plasma TMA and TMAO levels in healthy humans (HH) and cardiovascular patients qualified for aortic valve replacement (CP). The cytotoxicity of TMA and TMAO in rat cardiomyocytes was evaluated using an MTT test. The effects of TMA and TMAO on albumin and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assessed using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. In comparison to HH, CP had a two-fold higher plasma TMA (p < 0.001) and a trend towards higher plasma TMAO (p = 0.07). In CP plasma, TMA was inversely correlated with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR, p = 0.002). TMA but not TMAO reduced cardiomyocytes viability. Incubation with TMA but not TMAO resulted in the degradation of the protein structure of LDH and albumin. In conclusion, CP show increased plasma TMA, which is inversely correlated with eGFR. TMA but not TMAO exerts negative effects on cardiomyocytes, likely due to its disturbing effect on proteins. Therefore, TMA but not TMAO may be a toxin and a marker of cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals USE OF SPICES AND SPICES AS NATURAL ANTIOXIDANTS AND ANTI-CARCINOGENIC FACTORS

2021 ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
O. P. Maidebura ◽  
N. I. Korylchuk ◽  
A. V. Kravetska
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Human Diet ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Anticancer Effects ◽  
Saturated Fats ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Spices and condiments are natural biotechnological agents that exhibit therapeutic activity in the collection of free radicals formed due to oxidative stress, thereby exhibiting both antioxidant and anticancer effects. The aim of the article is a scientific-theoretical and experimental review of the use of spices and condiments as natural antioxidants and anticancer factors, their therapeutic effect on metabolic disorders and overweight.Materials and methods. During the work, an experimental study of the anti-inflammatory effect of a mixture of spices on metabolism in humans (men) with overweight, cardiovascular disease and metabolic disorders.Results and discussion. The study revealed a change in triglyceride levels between treatment groups, and an estimated 13 subjects gave a TG difference of (15 ± 32) mg / dL (mean ± SD) with 80 % potency (α = 0.05). Quantitative assessment of inflammatory responses was performed in 22 subjects because it was not possible to collect enough blood to perform the tests needed to assess inflammatory cytokine secretion and triglyceride levels.Study participants ate foods such as foods high in saturated fats and carbohydrates 1000 kcal, containing 33 % kcal saturated fats and 36% kcal carbohydrates without additional spices; food containing 2 g of a mixture of spices; food containing 6 g of spice mixture, with a washout period ≥ 3 days between days of intervention. The study shows that the percentage of monocytes increased significantly in circulation 240 minutes after eating food containing spices.The study found that the consumption of spices can reduce the negative effects of foods that contain significant levels of carbohydrates and fats in food. Conclusions. A diet containing a mixture of spices was developed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of spices in the context of food consumption, and for this purpose spices were chosen that are widely used for daily consumption in the human diet.

scholarly journals Dust Phenomenon: Threat Appraisal of Cardiovascular Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mojadam ◽  
Mohammad Hassan Ehrampoush ◽  
Nematollah Jaafarzadeh Haghighifard ◽  
MortezaAbdullatif Khafaie ◽  
Hossein Fallahzadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Threat Appraisal ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Community Members ◽  
Respiratory Problems ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
Cardiovascular Patients ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Dust Effects

Introduction: Dust phenomenon is a major environmental problem in world that threatens the middle-east countries specifically. In order to develop a need-based policy and regulate the supporting health program to reduce dust effects requires a proper understanding of the public beliefs about threats posed by this issue. The purpose of this study was to explain the threat appraisal patients with cardiovascular diseases regarding exposure to dust phenomena. Method: This qualitative content-analysis study was conducted from January to June 2018. The participants included 28 cardiovascular patients who referred to the healthcare centers in Ahvaz City. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with open-ended questions and inspiration from threat appraisal process constructs were used to collect data. All data were gathered, transcribed, and analyzed using MAXQDA-10 software and in-depth analysis. Findings: Perceived threat constructs were used and 4 categories and 9 sub-categories were extracted: perceived likelihood of exposure to dust (perceived likelihood of increased non-respiratory problems, perceived likelihood of increased respiratory problems), belief in seriousness and danger of exposure to dust (understanding the severity of physical complications, understanding the severity of mental and psychological complications, understanding the severity of economic complications), external reward of exposure to dust (improving personal and social relationships, improving financial problems), internal reward of exposure to dust (pleasant feeling). Conclusion: This study provided a clearer and deeper understanding of the threat posed by exposure to dust among cardiovascular patients. Based on the results, the authorities can design more targeted and more effective protective plans to raise awareness among community members, especially cardiovascular patients about the negative effects of exposure to dust and the ways to reduce its exposure.

scholarly journals Effect of a dietary intervention including minimal and unprocessed foods, high in natural saturated fats, on the lipid profile of children, pooled evidence from randomized controlled trials and a cohort study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. e0261446
Author(s):  
Rosanne Barbra Hendriksen ◽  
Ellen José van der Gaag
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Saturated Fats

Aim To study the possible effects of a dietary intervention with minimal and unprocessed foods, high in natural saturated fats on the lipid profile and body mass index of children. Method This study combines three intervention studies; one non-randomized retrospective cohort study and two randomized controlled trials, to a pooled analysis. The intervention group received a dietary intervention of minimal and unprocessed foods for three to six months, consisting of five times per week green vegetables, three times per week beef, daily 200–300 mL whole cow’s milk (3.4% fat) and whole dairy butter (80% fat) on each slice of bread. The control group continued their usual dietary habits. Raw data of the three intervention studies where combined into one single dataset for data analysis, using mixed effects analysis of covariance to test the effects of the dietary advice on the main study outcomes, which are measurements of the lipid profile. Results In total, 267 children aged 1 to 16 years were followed. 135 children were included in the intervention group and 139 children in the control group. Characteristics (age, gender and follow-up period) were equally distributed between the groups at baseline. In the intervention group HDL-cholesterol increased significantly from 1.22 mmol/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14–1.32 to 1.42 mmol/L 95% CI 1.30–1.65 (p = 0.007). The increase over time in HDL cholesterol in the intervention group was significantly different compared to the increase in the control group (from 1.26 mmol/L, 95% CI 1.19–1.35, to 1.30 mmol/L, 95% CI 1.26–1.37) (p = 0.04). Due to the increased HDL concentration in the intervention group, the total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol ratio decreased significantly from 3.70 mmol/L, 95% CI 3.38–3.87, to 3.25 mmol/L, 95% CI 2.96–3.31 (p = 0.05). Conclusion Consumption of minimal and unprocessed foods (high in natural saturated fats) has favourable effects on HDL cholesterol in children. Therefore, this dietary advice can safely be recommended to children.

Therapeutic Effect of Metformin and Vitamin E Versus Prescriptive Diet in Obese Adolescents with Fatty Liver

2011 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 398-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akcam ◽  
Boyaci ◽  
Pirgon ◽  
Kaya ◽  
Uysal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Liver Steatosis ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Model Assessment ◽  
Fasting Insulin ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obese Adolescents

Objective: The aim of the study was to determine whether metformin or vitamin E treatment for six months is effective in reducing body weight, blood pressure, and also ameliorating insulin resistance, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in obese adolescents with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Methods: Sixty-seven obese adolescents with liver steatosis (age range, 9 - 17 years) were included in the study. The metformin group received an 850-mg dose of metformin daily and the vitamin E group received 400 U vitamin E /daily, in capsule form for 6 months, plus an individually tailored diet, exercise, and behavioral therapy. Results: After 6 months later, there was a significant decline in body mass index, and fasting insulin and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) values in all three groups. Moreover, in comparingson of changes in HOMA among the groups, the metformin- treated group showed significantly improved metabolic control and insulin sensitivity (HOMA) at the end of the study. There were no significant differences for changes of adiponectin, TNF-alpha, in all three groups after 6 months study. Conclusion: These data suggest that metformin treatment is more effective than dietary advice and vitamin E treatment in reducing insulin resistance, and also in ameliorating metabolic parameters such as fasting insulin and lipid levels, in obese adolescents having NAFLD.

Undesirable Effects of Goal Setting on Perceived Fairness, Commitment, and Unethical Behavior

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina Keith
Keyword(s):  
Goal Setting ◽  
Unethical Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Goal Commitment ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
And Performance

Abstract. The positive effects of goal setting on motivation and performance are among the most established findings of industrial–organizational psychology. Accordingly, goal setting is a common management technique. Lately, however, potential negative effects of goal-setting, for example, on unethical behavior, are increasingly being discussed. This research replicates and extends a laboratory experiment conducted in the United States. In one of three goal conditions (do-your-best goals, consistently high goals, increasingly high goals), 101 participants worked on a search task in five rounds. Half of them (transparency yes/no) were informed at the outset about goal development. We did not find the expected effects on unethical behavior but medium-to-large effects on subjective variables: Perceived fairness of goals and goal commitment were least favorable in the increasing-goal condition, particularly in later goal rounds. Results indicate that when designing goal-setting interventions, organizations may consider potential undesirable long-term effects.

The Effect of Suicide-Related Internet Use on Users’ Mental Health

Crisis ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hajime Sueki
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Internet Use ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Psychological Effects ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Suicide Methods ◽  
Internet Users

Background: Previous studies have shown that suicide-related Internet use can have both negative and positive psychological effects. Aims: This study examined the effect of suicide-related Internet use on users’ suicidal ideation, depression/anxiety tendency, and loneliness. Method: A two-wave panel study of 850 Internet users was conducted via the Internet. Results: Suicide-related Internet use (e.g., browsing websites about suicide methods) had negative effects on suicidal ideation and depression/anxiety tendency. No forms of suicide-related Internet use, even those that would generally be considered positive, were found to decrease users’ suicidal ideation. In addition, our results suggest that the greater the suicidal ideation and feelings of depression and loneliness of Internet users, the more they used the Internet. Conclusion: Since suicide-related Internet use can adversely influence the mental health of young adults, it is necessary to take measures to reduce their exposure to such information.

Searching Online for Methods of Suicide

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Christian Ulrich Eriksen ◽  
Flemming Konradsen ◽  
Thilde Vildekilde
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
English Language ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Background Information ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Online Content ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Methods Of Suicide

Abstract. Background: Information on methods of suicide is available online, and access to information on methods of suicide appears to contribute to a small but significant proportion of suicides. There is limited documentation of how methods of suicide are being profiled, as well as what content exists in other languages than English. Aim: We aimed to analyze and compare how methods of suicide are profiled on Danish and English-language websites. Method: We applied a categorization and content analysis of websites describing methods of suicide. Sites were retrieved by applying widely used Danish and English-language search terms. Results: A total of 136 English-language websites and 106 Danish-language websites were included for analysis. Websites were more often categorized as prevention or support sites, academic or policy sites, and against suicide sites than dedicated suicide sites (i.e., pro-suicide sites), or information sites. However, information on methods of suicide was available, and 20.1% and 8.9% of the English and Danish-language sites, respectively, suggested that a particular method of suicide was quick, easy, painless, or certain to result in death. Limitations: Only one author coded and analyzed all websites. A further operationalization of the content analysis checklist is warranted to increase reliability. Conclusion: The websites primarily had a prevention or anti-suicide focus, but information on methods of suicide was available, requiring an increased focus on how to diminish the negative effects of harmful online content.

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