scholarly journals Long term trends and breeding parameters of Gull-billed Tern Gelochelidon nilotica in three Italian coastal sites

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcello Grussu ◽  
Francesco Scarton ◽  
Emiliano Verza ◽  
Roberto G. Valle
Keyword(s):  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Lagoon Of Venice ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Breeding Parameters ◽  
Salt Pans ◽  
Po Delta

Between 2001 and 2018 colonies of Gull-billed Tern were monitored in large wetland complexes of Veneto (lagoon of Venice and the Northern Po Delta) and Sardinia (western and southern) regions. Most of the colonies settled in man-made structures such as islets, levees, dams, located inside fish farms, fish ponds and salt pans. Laying took place around half May until early June (Veneto), with eggs occurring in the nests until half July (Sardinia). Colonies had 3-230 pairs, with several instances of isolated pairs; colonies were mono- or plurispecific, with other Charadriiformes. The number of eggs per clutch was 2.6±0.6 (N=111, 1 SD) in the Venice lagoon, 2.6±0.6 (N=182) in the Po delta, 2.3±0.70 (N=1007) in Sardinia; hatched eggs were 2.2±0.6 (N=111), 2.0±0.7 (N=182) and 1.7±0.67 (N=40) per nest, respectively. The most important cause of breeding failure was due to flooding of nesting sites, due to the rapid increase of water levels inside fish farms and salt pans. During the 2001-2018 years, the Gull-billed Tern nested regularly in Sardinia, whereas in the Po Delta the first nesting occurred in 2001 and in the lagoon of Venice in 2008. The whole population ranged between 34 and 417 pairs until 2017 (223.6±113.4, N=17), with a sudden increase up to almost 1,000 pairs in 2018; the overall trend is of strong increase (p<0.01), with an annual rate of 10.5%.

scholarly journals [Waders and seabirds (Charadriiformes) nesting along the north-eastern Adriatic coastline (Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia) in 2008-2014: abundance, trends and major conservation issues]

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Scarton ◽  
Emiliano Verza ◽  
Carlo Guzzon ◽  
Paolo Utmar ◽  
Giacomo Sgorlon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abundant Species ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Common Tern ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
The North ◽  
Ne Italy ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sandwich Tern ◽  
Friuli Venezia Giulia

[In 2008-2014 wader and seabird nesting pairs were censused along the 220-km long coastline of the NE Adriatic Sea, in the Veneto and Friuli-Venezia Giulia regions (NE Italy). Fourteen species were regularly breeding, with an annual mean of 20,610 pairs (±1553, 1 SD). The most abundant species was the Yellow-legged Gull (about 13,400 pairs on average, 65% of the whole population of the study area), followed by the Common Tern (1670 pairs, 8.1%) and Common Redshank (1525 pairs, 7.4%). The whole population of waders and seabirds increased with an annual rate, estimated with the TRIM software, of +0.8%, with a greater increase (+4.3%) if the Yellow-legged Gull was not included. Twelve species were stable or increasing; only the yellow-legged gull (-1%) and the common redshank (-2.4%) were decreasing. The populations of several species exceed 10% of those estimated for the whole of Italy; those of the Eurasian Oystercatcher, Common Redshank and Sandwich Tern are among the most important in the whole Mediterranean. On average, about 8860 pairs (43%) nest in the Venice lagoon, 6,400 pairs (31%) in the Po Delta, 5100 pairs (25%) in the Friuli-Venezia Giulia lagoons. Among nesting habitats, semi-natural (such as the fish farms) and man-made sites (dredge islands) make each year about 70% of the nesting pairs. Saltmarsh islets host large numbers of Common Redshank and Sandwich Tern, while along the beach zone the only abundant species are the Yellow-legged Gull and the Eurasian Oystercatcher. The major conservation threats observed in the study area were the erosion of littoral islands, the uncontrolled occurrence of sunbathers along the beaches, the vegetation overgrowth at dredge islands, the increasing frequency of saltmarsh submersion by high tides, the strong fluctuations of water levels inside the fish farms.] [Article in Italian]

scholarly journals TWO-POND FEEDING NURSERY FISH BREEDING COMPLEX

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vl. N. Shkura ◽  
◽  
A. V. Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Pipe System ◽  
Fish Trap ◽  
Fish Breeding ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Search Design

Purpose: development and description of the layout and design solution for a two-pond feeding nursery fish-breeding complex, which characterizes by compact placement of its constituent structures and their adaptation to the topographic conditions of the territory. Materials and methods. The theoretical and empirical basis for the development was made up of well-known recommendations on design and construction of pond complexes and survey data of operating fish-breeding facilities and their structures. During the development, the technologies of search design of engineering projects in compliance with fish breeding requirements and restrictions were used. Results. The fish-breeding complex includes: two fish-breeding ponds with a common dividing dam and a water supply system including a pumping station; water supply pipe system; a system of devices and structures that ensure the release of fish grown in ponds into a fish trap; spillway devices for discharging water from ponds and a fish trap with a set of regulating elements. Fish ponds are located on the floodplain lands of the river Don and are formed by protecting dikes. The bed of the reservoirs is planned with sections with longitudinal and transverse slopes to the water-fish collecting and-transporting ditches arranged in their bottom, allowing them to be emptied and the fish grown in the ponds to be directed to the outlet structures. The release of fish from the ponds is carried out by two tower water outlets. The design of the fish trap provides for the accumulation and seine fishing, it is equipped with means for regulating water discharge and maintaining conditions for fish. Conclusions. The developed layout and design solution for a two-pond fish-breeding complex with one fish trap is adapted to the local relief and the difference in water levels in ponds and in water intake. The implemented layout and design solutions can be used in the development of similar objects

scholarly journals Assessing glyphosate in water, marine particulate matter, and sediments in the Lagoon of Venice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matteo Feltracco ◽  
Elena Barbaro ◽  
Elisa Morabito ◽  
Roberta Zangrando ◽  
Rossano Piazza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Suspended Particulate Matter ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Lagoon Of Venice ◽  
Agricultural Chemicals ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Lagoon Water ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Suspended Particulate

Abstract Lagoon water, suspended particulate matter, and sediment samples from seven sites at Lagoon of Venice were collected from 2019 to 2021 in order to study the presence of the herbicide glyphosate (N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine), among the most widely used agricultural chemicals worldwide, but its occurrence in lagoon water environment has not been deeply investigated. The sites were selected considering a supposed diversity of inputs and of pollution levels. An analytical method based on ion chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was optimized and validated for lagoon water, marine particulate matter, and sediment samples. Maximum concentrations of glyphosate were 260 and 7 ng L−1 for lagoon water and suspended particulate matter, respectively, and 15 ng g−1 for sediment, with some spatial and temporal fluctuations. Our results demonstrate that glyphosate content in the Venice Lagoon mainly depends on external forcing from river inlets and agricultural lagoon activities.

scholarly journals Use of Thermodynamic Orientors to Assess the Efficiency of Ecosystems: A Case Study in the Lagoon of Venice

2002 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Bastianoni
Keyword(s):  
Aquatic Ecosystems ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Ecological Systems ◽  
Actual State ◽  
Lagoon Of Venice ◽  
The Past ◽  
Comparison Results ◽  
The One

So-called orientors have been introduced at the interface between ecology and thermodynamics. Two have been chosen here to compare the characteristics of five ecological systems: exergy, which is related to the degree of organization of a system and represents the biogeochemical energy of a system, and emergy, which is defined as the total amount of solar energy directly or indirectly required to generate a product or a service. They represent two complementary aspects of a system: the actual state and the past work needed to reach that state. The ratio of exergy to the emergy flow indicates the efficiency of an ecosystem in producing or maintaining its organization.The main system under study is a portion of the Venice Lagoon, which is used as a fish farming basin. Four other aquatic ecosystems were considered for comparison. Results show that the ecosystem within the Venice Lagoon is the one with the highest efficiency in transforming the available inputs in organization of the system. This fact is due to human intervention, which is very limited but also very effective.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Effect of A. chilensis on the Production of Infectious Viral Particles of ISAv and Its Consequences on the SUMOylation of NP Protein

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Fernanda Fredericksen ◽  
Gardenia Payne ◽  
Nicolás Maldonado ◽  
Melina Villalba ◽  
Víctor Olavarría
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Infectious Salmon Anemia ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Nadph Oxidase Complex ◽  
Salmon Anemia Virus ◽  
Anemia Virus ◽  
In Cells

Infectious salmon anemia virus (ISAv) is a pathogen of high economic importance worldwide; it produces a highly fatal clinical symptomatology called infectious salmon anemia (ISA), which is one of the main causes of economic loss in Chilean aquaculture, specifically in Chilean salmon, being responsible for a mortality rate greater than 80% when outbreaks of this pathogen occur in fish farms. ISAv dramatically increases levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by increasing the activity of the p38MAPK protein, which activates p47phox, by phosphorylation, allowing its binding to the membrane subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex, which is an important positive regulator of ROS levels in cells. Further, it is known that oxidative stress is able to regulate the SUMOylation machinery, producing an increase in SUMOylated proteins. Together with this background and various bioinformatic analyses, it was found that the ISAv nucleoprotein (NP) has a highly conserved capacity for SUMOylation, and this protein alone is capable of causing strong oxidative stress in transfected cells and is therefore able to regulate the SUMOylation machinery. Immunoprecipitation assays confirmed the bioinformatic analyses, where NP was seen to be SUMOylated, and this signal decreased considerably when cells were treated with a p38MAPK inhibitor. Together with this, the number of copies of NP and the viability in cells infected with ISAv were also evaluated, where it was observed that there was a strong increase in the number of copies of NP and a marked decrease in cell viability, this being in contrast to when, in addition to the infection, the cells were treated with a natural product “maqui” (A. chilensis), which, due to its high content of polyphenolic compounds, has been shown to have a high antioxidant capacity, greatly reducing the number of copies of NP and the percentage of mortality compared to cells that are only infected with ISAv.

scholarly journals Antimicrobials use and resistance on integrated poultry-fish farming systems in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine S. Gibson ◽  
Honey Wai ◽  
Shwe Sin May Lwin Oo ◽  
Ei Moh Moh Hmwe ◽  
Soe Soe Wai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Livestock Health

Abstract Antimicrobials are used to support livestock health and productivity, but might pose a risk for the development of antimicrobial resistance; in particular, when multiple livestock species are raised together in production systems. On integrated chicken-fish farms, chickens are raised over fish ponds and poultry faeces is excreted into the ponds. We investigated antimicrobial usage and the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli cultured from poultry faeces on 301 integrated farms in Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar. Antimicrobials were used by 92.4% of farmers for chickens, but they were not applied to fish. The most common antimicrobials used were Octamix (amoxicillin and colistin sulfate) on 28.4%, enrofloxacin on 21.0% and amoxicillin on 16% of farms. Overall, 83.1% (152/183) of the E. coli were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. The highest level of resistance was to amoxicillin (54.6%), tetracycline (39.9%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (35.5%) and enrofloxacin (34.4%). Multidrug resistance was identified in 42.4% of isolates. In general, we found similar levels of antimicrobial resistance in non-users of antimicrobials as in users of antimicrobials for more commonly applied antimicrobials. Overall, antimicrobial resistance was lower in chickens on these integrated farms in Myanmar, compared to poultry farms in other countries of South East and East Asia.

The October 1940 extreme flood in the Pyrenees revisited: validation of some hypotheses based on hydraulic simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Gaume ◽  
Maryse Charpentier-Noyer ◽  
Olivier Payrastre
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Mesh Refinement ◽  
Adaptive Mesh ◽  
Record Values ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Peak Discharge ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Local Risk ◽  
The Town

&lt;p&gt;One of the most impressive flash floods of the last century in France, as in Spain, occurred in the Eastern part of the Pyrenees on the 17&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; and 18&lt;sup&gt;th&lt;/sup&gt; of October 1940. 47 people died in France during this extraordinary event and more than 100 in Catalunia. This flood caused considerable damages to buildings and, in particular, destroyed the center of the thermal town of Vernet-les-Bains on the slopes of the mount Canigou. The maximum observed 24-hour rainfall amount was close to one meter and remains until now one of the French record values. This flooding has already been widely documented both by the state technical services and by scientists of the time. Much of this documentation, which has been archived and is still available, makes it possible to propose new evaluations in the light of the recent advancements in flash floods studies. The conclusions of this work of flood reanalysis are presented, and are supplemented here by hydraulic simulations in order to test different hypotheses concerning the timing and magnitude (i.e. discharge values) of the flood. The Basilisk software (finite volume method for shallow water equations with adaptive mesh refinement) is used to conduct the 2D-hydraulic simulations. The initial reanalysis of the flood revealed that (1) the peak discharge values estimated in 1940, on which local risk assessment studies are based, had probably been largely over-estimated; (2) a sudden increase of local water levels, described by eye-witnesses in the town of Elne, was due to the breach of a railway embankment in the floodplain upstream the town. The hydraulic simulations, carried out both with the peak discharge estimated in 1940 and with the re-evaluated one, show that the former values are not compatible with the flood witnesses&amp;#8217; accounts - which retrace the chronology of the episode - or with the surveyed water levels. The revised and reduced peak discharge appears to be more realistic according to the data retracing the event. Moreover, the presence of the breach in the railway line embankment appears to explain the maximum water levels observed in the town of Elne. This work illustrates that major past-flood events may be re-interpreted at the light of our increased scientific knowledge provided that they have been well documented at the time of their occurrence, which is often the case for major devastating floods.&lt;/p&gt;

Sanitation of fish farms and prevention of fish diseases by pond drying with the use of fish and grass rotation

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 380-384
Author(s):  
Наумова ◽  
A. Naumova ◽  
Наумова ◽  
A. Naumova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Fish Farm ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Annual Frequency ◽  
One Year

Objective of research: to present the actuality and novelty of application of fish and grass “rotation” because this allows to reveal new data on pond drainage planning which is the most effective in sanitation of the fish farm. Materials and methods: to determine the most effective cycle for the summer drying of ponds, we studied ecological and epizootological features of fishing ponds, which had been used after drying within 1 and 5 years. As research object served 8 fish ponds: 4 drained ponds under crop (40 ha), 4 — overflowed (40 ha) and filled with one-year carps (2,5-З thousand ind./ha) and silver carps (1,2-1,4 thousand ind./ha). Results and discussion: The results of comparative research on anti-epizootic efficacy of pond drying at different periodicity of 1 and 5 years with the use of fish and grass “rotation” are provided. Data on decreased invasion of fishes (carp, silver carp) by parasites, absence of causative agents of infection, improved blood indicators, increased fish production at annual pond drying (with the use of fish and grass “rotation”) compared with the pond drying of 5 year periodicity are presented. Advantages of economic efficacy of the annual frequency of pond drying are confirmed: twice increased commercial fish production; reduced expenses for purchase of food (own barley and wheat production), drugs, disinfectants, fertilizers that allow increasing economic revenue and making profit.

scholarly journals Characterising hillslope–stream connectivity with a joint event analysis of stream and groundwater levels

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 5713-5744
Author(s):  
Daniel Beiter ◽  
Markus Weiler ◽  
Theresa Blume
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Water Level ◽  
Groundwater Level ◽  
Stream Water ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Joint Analysis ◽  
Strong Increase ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract. Hillslope–stream connectivity controls runoff generation, during events and during baseflow conditions. However, assessing subsurface connectivity is a challenging task, as it occurs in the hidden subsurface domain where water flow can not be easily observed. We therefore investigated if the results of a joint analysis of rainfall event responses of near-stream groundwater levels and stream water levels could serve as a viable proxy for hillslope–stream connectivity. The analysis focuses on the extent of response, correlations, lag times and synchronicity. As a first step, a new data analysis scheme was developed, separating the aspects of (a) response timing and (b) extent of water level change. This provides new perspectives on the relationship between groundwater and stream responses. In a second step we investigated if this analysis can give an indication of hillslope–stream connectivity at the catchment scale. Stream water levels and groundwater levels were measured at five different hillslopes over 5 to 6 years. Using a new detection algorithm, we extracted 706 rainfall response events for subsequent analysis. Carrying out this analysis in two different geological regions (schist and marls) allowed us to test the usefulness of the proxy under different hydrological settings while also providing insight into the geologically driven differences in response behaviour. For rainfall events with low initial groundwater level, groundwater level responses often lag behind the stream with respect to the start of rise and the time of peak. This lag disappears at high antecedent groundwater levels. At low groundwater levels the relationship between groundwater and stream water level responses to rainfall are highly variable, while at high groundwater levels, above a certain threshold, this relationship tends to become more uniform. The same threshold was able to predict increased likelihood for high runoff coefficients, indicating a strong increase in connectivity once the groundwater level threshold was surpassed. The joint analysis of shallow near-stream groundwater and stream water levels provided information on the presence or absence and to a certain extent also on the degree of subsurface hillslope–stream connectivity. The underlying threshold processes were interpreted as transmissivity feedback in the marls and fill-and-spill in the schist. The value of these measurements is high; however, time series of several years and a large number of events are necessary to produce representative results. We also find that locally measured thresholds in groundwater levels can provide insight into the connectivity and event response of the corresponding headwater catchments. If the location of the well is chosen wisely, a single time series of shallow groundwater can indicate if the catchment is in a state of high or low connectivity.

scholarly journals IOT Based Smart Monitoring System for Fish Farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S) ◽  
pp. 420-424 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Current Method ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
High Water ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Water Quality Parameters ◽  
Fish Pond ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Fish Tank

The purpose of the current method is to create a safe and secure that helps the fish pond owners and aquatic planters in producing high quality fish by maintaining normal water levels in the fish tank. The flow of the low or high water in the fish pond will solve the long-term problem of killing fish in a fish tank. Each water quality can affect the health of animals alone. The flow of water on fish ponds discusses how every day should be monitored. This should ensure quality by handling the PH, membrane, temperature, ammonia etc. It is a symbol of good quality water quality standards and poor water quality pools and how it should be upgraded. It is recommended that a prerequisite to increase production by ensuring sustainable fresh quality, and consequently, priority should be given priority. Therefore, water quality parameters maintain balanced positions, culture is the basis for the health and development of living organisms. It is recommended to monitor and evaluate water quality parameters on a regular basis

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