scholarly journals Antimicrobials use and resistance on integrated poultry-fish farming systems in the Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Justine S. Gibson ◽  
Honey Wai ◽  
Shwe Sin May Lwin Oo ◽  
Ei Moh Moh Hmwe ◽  
Soe Soe Wai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Livestock Species ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Livestock Health

Abstract Antimicrobials are used to support livestock health and productivity, but might pose a risk for the development of antimicrobial resistance; in particular, when multiple livestock species are raised together in production systems. On integrated chicken-fish farms, chickens are raised over fish ponds and poultry faeces is excreted into the ponds. We investigated antimicrobial usage and the antimicrobial susceptibility of Escherichia coli cultured from poultry faeces on 301 integrated farms in Ayeyarwady Delta of Myanmar. Antimicrobials were used by 92.4% of farmers for chickens, but they were not applied to fish. The most common antimicrobials used were Octamix (amoxicillin and colistin sulfate) on 28.4%, enrofloxacin on 21.0% and amoxicillin on 16% of farms. Overall, 83.1% (152/183) of the E. coli were resistant to at least one antimicrobial. The highest level of resistance was to amoxicillin (54.6%), tetracycline (39.9%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (35.5%) and enrofloxacin (34.4%). Multidrug resistance was identified in 42.4% of isolates. In general, we found similar levels of antimicrobial resistance in non-users of antimicrobials as in users of antimicrobials for more commonly applied antimicrobials. Overall, antimicrobial resistance was lower in chickens on these integrated farms in Myanmar, compared to poultry farms in other countries of South East and East Asia.

scholarly journals Characterization of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farms in Ecuador

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Vinueza-Burgos ◽  
David Ortega-Paredes ◽  
Cristian Narváez ◽  
Lieven De Zutter ◽  
Jeannete Zurita
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Latin American Countries

AbstractAntimicrobial resistance (AR) is a worldwide concern. Up to a 160% increase in antibiotic usage in food animals is expected in Latin American countries. The poultry industry is an increasingly important segment of food production and contributor to AR. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence, AR patterns and the characterization of relevant resistance genes in Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) and AmpC E. coli from large poultry farms in Ecuador. Sampling was performed from June 2013 to July 2014 in 6 slaughterhouses that slaughter broilers from 115 farms totaling 384 flocks. Each sample of collected caeca was streaked onto TBX agar supplemented with cefotaxime (3 mg/l). In total, 176 isolates were analyzed for antimicrobial resistance patterns by the disk diffusion method and for blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaCMY, blaSHV, blaKPC, and mcr-1 by PCR and sequencing. ESBL and AmpC E. coli were found in 362 flocks (94.3%) from 112 farms (97.4%). We found that 98.3% of the isolates were multi-resistant to antibiotics. Low resistance was observed for ertapenem and nitrofurantoin. The most prevalent ESBL genes were the blaCTX-M (90.9%) blaCTX-M-65, blaCTX-M-55 and blaCTX-M-3 alleles. Most of the AmpC strains presented the blaCMY-2 gene. Three isolates showed the mcr-1 gene. Poultry production systems represent a hotspot for antimicrobial resistance in Ecuador, possibly mediated by the extensive use of antibiotics. Monitoring this sector in national and regional plans of antimicrobial resistance surveillance should therefore be considered.

Distribution of TET, AAC and CTX-M Genes among Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated From Poultry under Various Farming System of A and N Islands

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Sunder ◽  
T. Sujatha ◽  
S. Bhowmick ◽  
S.C. Mayuri ◽  
A.K. De ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Multi Drug Resistance ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Animal Food ◽  
E Coli

Background: Transmission of antibiotic resistance from animal food chain to human through animal food-borne pathogens have led to increased public concern. Wider surveillance on prevalence of antibiotic resistance in E. coli will provide information on evolution of resistance in various geographical locations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from poultry under various farming system in A and N Islands and resistance genes of tet, ctx-M and aac encoding the isolates. Methods: Isolates were obtained from cloacal swabs in poultry under various farming systems and tested against major antimicrobial derivatives to study multi drug resistance. The presence of genes associated with resistance to tetracycline (tet A), ESBL (CTX-M) and Gentamycin (aac(3)-IV) were determined by PCR. Result: A total of 126 cloacal samples were analysed out of which 31.38% of the E.coli isolates from poultry under various farming systems were producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases and were multiple antimicrobial resistant. Poultry birds of commercial farms showed higher resistance levels (37.5%) than organised farms (24.76%) and desi birds (31.88%). Results indicate a high level of multi-drug resistance is emerging even in desi birds. It is suggested that an antimicrobial resistance surveillance program is needed in A and N Islands in order to detect bacterial resistance among rural poultry production as the 80 percentage of total poultry population belong to desi birds.

scholarly journals Scoping review to identify potential non-antimicrobial interventions to mitigate antimicrobial resistance in commensal enteric bacteria in North American cattle production systems

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. MURPHY ◽  
V. R. FAJT ◽  
H. M. SCOTT ◽  
M. J. FOSTER ◽  
P. WICKWIRE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Organic Systems ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Modifiable Factors ◽  
Antimicrobial Interventions

SUMMARYA scoping review was conducted to identify modifiable non-antimicrobial factors to reduce the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in cattle populations. Searches were developed to retrieve peer-reviewed published studies in animal, human andin vitromicrobial populations. Citations were retained when modifiable non-antimicrobial factors or interventions potentially associated with antimicrobial resistance were described. Studies described resistance in five bacterial genera, species or types, and 40 antimicrobials. Modifiable non-antimicrobial factors or interventions ranged widely in type, and the depth of evidence in animal populations was shallow. Specific associations between a factor or intervention with antimicrobial resistance in a population (e.g. associations between organic systems and tetracycline susceptibility inE. colifrom cattle) were reported in a maximum of three studies. The identified non-antimicrobial factors or interventions were classified into 16 themes. Most reported associations between the non-antimicrobial modifiable factors or interventions and antimicrobial resistance were not statistically significant (P> 0·05 and a confidence interval including 1), but when significant, the results were not consistent in direction (increase or decrease in antimicrobial resistance) or magnitude. Research is needed to better understand the impacts of promising modifiable factors or interventions on the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance before any recommendations can be offered or adopted.

scholarly journals Comparison of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors amongEscherichia coliIsolated from Conventional and Free-Range Poultry

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa L. Koga ◽  
Sara Scandorieiro ◽  
Eliana C. Vespero ◽  
Alexandre Oba ◽  
Benito G. de Brito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Poultry Production ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Human Infections

Microbiological contamination in commercial poultry production has caused concerns for human health because of both the presence of pathogenic microorganisms and the increase in antimicrobial resistance in bacterial strains that can cause treatment failure of human infections. The aim of our study was to analyze the profile of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors ofE. coliisolates from chicken carcasses obtained from different farming systems (conventional and free-range poultry). A total of 156E. colistrains were isolated and characterized for genes encoding virulence factors described in extraintestinal pathogenicE. coli(ExPEC). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed for 15 antimicrobials, and strains were confirmed as extended spectrum ofβ-lactamases- (ESBLs-) producingE. coliby phenotypic and genotypic tests. The results indicated that strains from free-range poultry have fewer virulence factors than strains from conventional poultry. Strains from conventionally raised chickens had a higher frequency of antimicrobial resistance for all antibiotics tested and also exhibited genes encoding ESBL and AmpC, unlike free-range poultry isolates, which did not. Group 2 CTX-M and CIT were the most prevalent ESBL and AmpC genes, respectively. The farming systems of poultries can be related with the frequency of virulence factors and resistance to antimicrobials in bacteria.

scholarly journals FISHING IN DRAINING PONDS OF MODERN FISH FARMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Alekseevich Kostrykin ◽  
Yulia Nikolaevna Grozesku
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Farmed Fish ◽  
Severe Injuries ◽  
Commercial Fish ◽  
Technological Stage ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Excessive Accumulation

The article describeы the fishing process as a final technological stage that completes the cycle of fish breeding in the fish ponds. Fishing in the ponds, regardless of their category, is a difficult and energy-intensive process. The safety of farmed fish and the overall results of fish farming depend on the process of fishing. The well-known fishing methods are based on filtering fish when discharging water through fish catchers or other artificial structures. When water is drained from the pond, the fish moves to a fish catcher with the water flow, which contradicts its biological tendency to breast the current and prevents from its getting into the fish catcher or another artificial structure. In addition, the separation of fish from water by a grated water separator leads to the mechanical damage of the fish scales and reduces the number of alive fish. The technology of fish catching in draining ponds used at the small innovative enterprise SRK Sharapovsky (Kamyzyaksky district, Astrakhan region) has been analyzed. The absence of a fish catcher is a specific feature of the technology. Fishing in the ponds is carried out by using a dragnet during the pond drainage, starting the catch when the pond’s area is lowered to 1/3 or 1/4. The disadvantages of this technology include excessive accumulation of fish in a small volume of water, which can cause fish death or severe injuries to the underyearlings reared with commercial fish species. Choosing the optimal fishing gear or a device will allow to clearly plan and coordinate the work of the enterprise, because the fishing period is short and depends on the time frames and the market demands.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Escherichia coli and ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Diffusion in Conventional, Organic and Antibiotic-Free Meat Chickens at Slaughter

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Musa ◽  
Patrizia Casagrande Proietti ◽  
Raffaella Branciari ◽  
Laura Menchetti ◽  
Sara Bellucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Organic Farming Systems ◽  
Skin Samples

As a result of public health concerns regarding antimicrobial resistance in animal-based food products, conventional poultry companies have turned to ‘raised without antibiotics’ (ABF) and organic farming systems. In this work, we evaluated the influence of rearing systems on antimicrobial susceptibility in E. coli and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESLB) E. coli diffusion in conventional (C), organic (O) and antibiotic free (ABF) chicken samples collected from cloacal swabs and skin samples in slaughterhouse. The E. coli isolates from conventional (135), antibiotic-free (131) and organic (140) samples were submitted to the Kirby–Bauer method and ESBL E. coli were analyzed by the microdilution test. Conventional samples showed the highest number of strains resistant to ampicillin (89.6%; p < 0.01), cefotaxime (43.7%; p < 0.01), nalidixic acid (57.8%; p < 0.01), ciprofloxacin (44.4%; p < 0.001), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (62.2%; p < 0.01), with patterns of multi-resistance to three (35.1%) and to four antimicrobials (31.3%), whereas most of the E. coli isolated from antibiotic-free and organic chicken samples revealed a co-resistance pattern (29.2% and 39%, respectively). The highest number of ESBL E. coli was observed in conventional, in both cloacal and skin samples and the lowest in organic (p < 0.001). Our results are consistent with the effect of conventional farming practices on E. coli antimicrobial resistance and ESBL E. coli number, due to the use of antimicrobials and close contact with litter for most of the production cycle.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial resistance in commensal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. is influenced by production system, antimicrobial use, and biosecurity measures on Spanish pig farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Mencía-Ares ◽  
Héctor Argüello ◽  
Héctor Puente ◽  
Manuel Gómez-García ◽  
Edgar G. Manzanilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Production System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Antimicrobial Use ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Pig Farms ◽  
Surveillance Programs

Abstract Background Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health threat consequence of antimicrobial use (AMU) in human and animal medicine. In food-producing animals factors such as management, husbandry or biosecurity may impact AMU. Organic and extensive Iberian swine productions are based on a more sustainable and eco-friendly management system, providing an excellent opportunity to evaluate how sustained differences in AMU impact the AMR in indicator bacteria. Here, we evaluate the usefulness of commensal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp. isolates as AMR bioindicators when comparing 37 Spanish pig farms from both intensive and organic-extensive production systems, considering the effect of AMU and biosecurity measures, the last only on intensive farms. Results The production system was the main factor contributing to explain the AMR differences in E. coli and Enterococcus spp. In both bacteria, the pansusceptible phenotype was more common (p < 0.001) on organic-extensive farms when compared to intensive herds. The microbiological resistance in commensal E. coli was, for most of the antimicrobials evaluated, significantly higher (p < 0.05) on intensive farms. In enterococci, the lincosamides usage revealed the association between AMR and AMU, with an increase in the AMR for erythromycin (p < 0.01), quinupristin-dalfopristin (p < 0.01) and the multidrug-resistant (MDR) phenotype (p < 0.05). The biosecurity measures implemented on intensive farms influenced the AMR of these bioindicators, with a slightly lower resistance to sulfamethoxazole (p < 0.01) and the MDR phenotype (p < 0.05) in E. coli isolated from farms with better cleaning and disinfection protocols. On these intensive farms, we also observed that larger herds had a higher biosecurity when compared to smaller farms (p < 0.01), with no significant associations between AMU and the biosecurity scores. Conclusions Overall, this study evidences that the production system and, to a lesser extent, the biosecurity measures, contribute to the AMR development in commensal E. coli and Enterococcus spp., with antimicrobial usage as the main differential factor, and demonstrates the potential value of these bacteria as bioindicators on pig farms in AMR surveillance programs.

scholarly journals Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Poultry Farms in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia: A Cross Sectional Study

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Sharifo Ali Elmi ◽  
David Simons ◽  
Linzy Elton ◽  
Najmul Haider ◽  
Muzamil Mahdi Abdel Hamid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
East Coast ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Poultry Farms ◽  
Resistance Patterns

Antimicrobial resistance is of concern to global health security worldwide. We aimed to identify the prevalence, resistance patterns, and risk factors associated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) resistance from poultry farms in Kelantan, Terengganu, and Pahang states of east coast peninsular Malaysia. Between 8 February 2019 and 23 February 2020, a total of 371 samples (cloacal swabs = 259; faecal = 84; Sewage = 14, Tap water = 14) were collected. Characteristics of the sampled farms including management type, biosecurity, and history of disease were obtained using semi-structured questionnaire. Presumptive E. coli isolates were identified based on colony morphology with subsequent biochemical and PCR confirmation. Susceptibility of isolates was tested against a panel of 12 antimicrobials and interpreted alongside risk factor data obtained from the surveys. We isolated 717 E. coli samples from poultry and environmental samples. Our findings revealed that cloacal (17.8%, 46/259), faecal (22.6%, 19/84), sewage (14.3%, 2/14) and tap water (7.1%, 1/14) were significantly (p < 0.003) resistant to at least three classes of antimicrobials. Resistance to tetracycline class were predominantly observed in faecal samples (69%, 58/84), followed by cloacal (64.1%, 166/259), sewage (35.7%, 5/14), and tap water (7.1%, 1/84), respectively. Sewage water (OR = 7.22, 95% CI = 0.95–151.21) had significant association with antimicrobial resistance (AMR) acquisition. Multivariate regression analysis identified that the risk factors including sewage samples (OR = 7.43, 95% CI = 0.96–156.87) and farm size are leading drivers of E. coli antimicrobial resistance in the participating states of east coast peninsular Malaysia. We observed that the resistance patterns of E. coli isolates against 12 panel antimicrobials are generally similar in all selected states of east coast peninsular Malaysia. The highest prevalence of resistance was recorded in tetracycline (91.2%), oxytetracycline (89.1%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (73.1%), doxycycline (63%), and sulfamethoxazole (63%). A close association between different risk factors and the high prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant E. coli strains reflects increased exposure to resistant bacteria and suggests a concern over rising misuse of veterinary antimicrobials that may contribute to the future threat of emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogen isolates. Public health interventions to limit antimicrobial resistance need to be tailored to local poultry farm practices that affect bacterial transmission.

scholarly journals Microbial and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Microbiota in Common Carps (Cyprinus carpio) from Aquacultured and Wild Fish Populations

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Modestas Ruzauskas ◽  
Julija Armalytė ◽  
Eglė Lastauskienė ◽  
Rita Šiugždinienė ◽  
Irena Klimienė ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Wild Fish ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Fish Ponds ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Microbial Composition ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Growing Conditions

In this study we analyzed differences in microbial composition and antimicrobial resistance profiles in common carp living in two different environments: fish ponds, where carp have been kept under the same growing conditions over the last 50 years, and from the wild. The results demonstrated that wild fish carry a great variety of bacterial species (448 species with a prevalence of at least 0.01% from the total number of reads). Aquacultured individuals harbored 2.56 times fewer species in their gut. Significant microbial differences were observed in all taxonomic ranks, including bacterial classes and phyla. Besides bacterial variety, it was determined that aquacultured fish harbored more bacteria that are considered pathogens or opportunistic pathogens, such as Moraxellaceae, Flavobacteriaceae, and Staphylococcaceae. The frequency of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial indicators was more common in aquacultured fish than in wild fish, therefore fish farming may be a potential source of environmental contamination with antimicrobial resistant bacteria.

scholarly journals Impact of Medicated Feed on the Development of Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria at Integrated Pig-Fish Farms in Vietnam

2011 ◽  
Vol 77 (13) ◽  
pp. 4494-4498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Son Thi Thanh Dang ◽  
Andreas Petersen ◽  
Dung Van Truong ◽  
Huong Thi Thanh Chu ◽  
Anders Dalsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Fish Farms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Animal Excreta ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTIntegrated livestock-fish aquaculture utilizes animal excreta, urine, and feed leftovers as pond fertilizers to enhance the growth of plankton and other microorganisms eaten by the fish. However, antimicrobial-resistant bacteria may be transferred and develop in the pond due to selective pressure from antimicrobials present in animal feed, urine, and feces. In an experimental pig-fish farm located in periurban Hanoi, Vietnam, nine piglets were provided feed containing 5 μg of tetracycline (TET)/kg pig weight/day and 0.45 μg of enrofloxacin (ENR)/kg pig weight/day during the second and fourth (last) months of the experiment. The aim of this study was to determine the association between the provision of pig feed with antimicrobials and the development of antimicrobial resistance, as measured in a total of 520Escherichia coliand 634Enterococcusstrains isolated from pig manure and water-sediment pond samples. MIC values for nalidixic acid (NAL) and ENR showed thatE. coliandEnterococcusspp. overall exhibited significant higher frequencies of resistance toward NAL and ENR during the 2 months when pigs were administered feed with antimicrobials, with frequencies reaching 60 to 80% in both water-sediment and manure samples. TET resistance for both indicators was high (>80%) throughout the study period, which indicates that TET-resistantE. coliandEnterococcusspp. were present in the piglets before the initiation of the experiment. PCR-based identification showed similar relative occurrences ofEnterococcus faecium,Enterococcus faecalis, and otherEnterococcusspp. in the water-sediment and manure samples, suggesting thatEnterococcusspp. isolated in the ponds originated mainly from the pig manure. The development of antimicrobial resistance in integrated animal husbandry-fish farms and possible transfers and the impact of such resistance on food safety and human health should be further assessed.

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