scholarly journals A review of normative data for parameters of functional non-strabismic binocular vision

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Darko-Takyi ◽  
Vanessa R. Moodley ◽  
Samuel B. Boadi-Kusi
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Vision Disorders ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ovid Medline ◽  
The Future ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Comparison Data

Background: There was a need to document population-expected normative data for parameters of non-strabismic binocular vision (NSBV) as the analysis and diagnosis of binocular vision disorders required comparison of patient’s clinical signs with expected data in their specific population.Aim: This article sought to review and map population-expected continental normative data for visual function parameters for evaluating the functional non-strabismic accommodative and vergence system, as these systems are very relevant to evaluate the comfort of visual system.Method: Search engines – namely, Google Scholar, Microsoft Academic, Web of Science database and Ovid MEDLINE database – were used to search studies published in English across different continents using keywords such as ‘normative or expected data’ and ‘specific NSBV parameter’. Results were summarised in tables for easy comparison; data were presented based on the geographical location, year of publication, demographics of the population studied and the techniques used for measuring the parameters. A summary of observed challenges with reviewed works and recommendations for the future studies are indicated. The article is delimited to studies published between 1910 and September 2019 only.Results: Most of the studies investigated specific parameters of either accommodation only or vergence only; few recent studies have comprehensively investigated both parameters. Most studies were conducted in North America followed by Asia and Europe, with a few in Africa. No studies were found with Oceania populations. There were discrepancies and differences in methodologies and techniques used by the studies reviewed and normative data varied among different continents and different populations within each continent.Conclusion: As the observed differences in reviewed studies could be attributed to differences in test techniques, the future studies should consider using identical, reliable, repeatable, objective and subjective techniques with good methodological designs to clarify these results. More studies should be conducted in African and Oceania populations.

scholarly journals Scyphomedusae and Ctenophora of the Eastern Adriatic: Historical Overview and New Data

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 186
Author(s):  
Branka Pestorić ◽  
Davor Lučić ◽  
Natalia Bojanić ◽  
Martin Vodopivec ◽  
Tjaša Kogovšek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adriatic Sea ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Mnemiopsis Leidyi ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Phenological Data ◽  
Pelagia Noctiluca ◽  
Regional Trends ◽  
Clear Seasonal Pattern

One of the obstacles to detecting regional trends in jellyfish populations is the lack of a defined baseline. In the Adriatic Sea, the jellyfish fauna (Scyphozoa and Ctenophora) is poorly studied compared to other taxa. Therefore, our goal was to collect and systematize all available data and provide a baseline for future studies. Here we present phenological data and relative abundances of jellyfish based on 2010–2019 scientific surveys and a “citizen science” sighting program along the eastern Adriatic. Inter-annual variability, seasonality and spatial distribution patterns of Scyphomedusae and Ctenophore species were described and compared with existing historical literature. Mass occurrences with a clear seasonal pattern and related to the geographical location were observed for meroplanktonic Scyphomedusae Aurelia solida, Rhizostoma pulmo, and to a lesser extent Chrysaora hysoscella, Cotylorhiza tuberculata and Discomedusa lobata. Holoplanktonic Pelagia noctiluca also formed large aggregations, which were seasonally less predictable and restricted to the central and southern Adriatic. Four species of Ctenophora produced blooms limited to a few areas: Bolinopsis vitrea, Leucothea multicornis, Cestum veneris and the non-native Mnemiopsis leidyi. However, differences between Adriatic subregions have become less pronounced since 2014. Our results suggest that gelatinous organisms are assuming an increasingly important role in the Adriatic ecosystem, which may alter the balance of the food web and lead to harmful and undesirable effects.

scholarly journals A publicly available repository of ROH islands reveals signatures of selection in different livestock and pet species

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wim Gorssen ◽  
Roel Meyermans ◽  
Steven Janssens ◽  
Nadine Buys
Keyword(s):  
Association Studies ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Snp Data ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Signatures Of Selection

Abstract Background Runs of homozygosity (ROH) have become the state-of-the-art method for analysis of inbreeding in animal populations. Moreover, ROH are suited to detect signatures of selection via ROH islands and are used in other applications, such as genomic prediction and genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Currently, a vast amount of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data is available online, but most of these data have never been used for ROH analysis. Therefore, we performed a ROH analysis on large medium-density SNP datasets in eight animal species (cat, cattle, dog, goat, horse, pig, sheep and water buffalo; 442 different populations) and make these results publicly available. Results The results include an overview of ROH islands per population and a comparison of the incidence of these ROH islands among populations from the same species, which can assist researchers when studying other (livestock) populations or when looking for similar signatures of selection. We were able to confirm many known ROH islands, for example signatures of selection for the myostatin (MSTN) gene in sheep and horses. However, our results also included multiple other ROH islands, which are common to many populations and not identified to date (e.g. on chromosomes D4 and E2 in cats and on chromosome 6 in sheep). Conclusions We are confident that our repository of ROH islands is a valuable reference for future studies. The discovered ROH island regions represent a unique starting point for new studies or can be used as a reference for future studies. Furthermore, we encourage authors to add their population-specific ROH findings to our repository.

Integrated Theoretical Model of Smoking-Consumer Emotions and Research Outlook

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-263
Author(s):  
Jiayi Du ◽  
Xinkang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Consumer Emotions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Consumer Emotion ◽  
The Relationship

Objectives: Research on smoking-consumer emotions attracts increasing attention. Based on the literature review and analysis, this paper recognizes different definitions, categorizations, measurements of consumer emotions. Then the paper identifies the antecedent variables, moderating variables and outcome variables of consumer emotion and relevant emotion theories to explain the relationship and proposes an integrated theoretical model of consumer emotions. Finally, this paper talks about the future studies of consumer emotions on four aspects. This paper offers insights on the research of smoking-consumer emotions, theoretically and practically.

ELECTRONICS INFORMATICS - KEY INDUSTRY OF THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 162-168
Author(s):  
Long Nghiem Van
Keyword(s):  
Positive Solutions ◽  
Development Policy ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Mountainous Areas ◽  
Strong Growth ◽  
The Future ◽  
Key Industry

Thai Nguyen is a major economic, political, cultural and social center of the Northern Midland and Mountainous Areas. Geographical location, natural and socioeconomic conditions of the province are very favorable for the development of the industry, in recent years, along with positive changes in the development policy, attracting capital The electronics-informatics industry has seen a very strong growth, and is now the most important industry in the province. In the future, in order to further promote the development of this industry, improve the quality and efficiency of production, we need to synchronously implement positive solutions to meet the requirements of development.

scholarly journals Psychosocial aspects of strabismus

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 492-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Jablan ◽  
Vesna Vucinic ◽  
Branka Eskirovic ◽  
Milorad Ljutica
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Psychosocial Functioning ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Typically Developing ◽  
Vision Disorders ◽  
Motor Systems ◽  
Psychosocial Consequences ◽  
Timely Treatment

Binocular vision is characterized by a harmonious relation between sensory and motor systems of both eyes. This relation enables directing visual axes toward the observed object simultaneously, fusing images from two eyes, and the sense of threedimensionality. Motility and binocular vision disorders occur in manifest and latent strabismus. The irregular position of eyes in strabismus is perceived by most people as an esthetic defect. Also, psychosocial consequences and the importance of treating strabismus are very superficially explained in this context. Bearing in mind the results of recent researches, which indicate that individuals of all ages with strabismus face different difficulties in psychosocial functioning, we believe that this issue in our surroundings should be dealt with. Strabismus leads to forming prejudices which usually have a negative impact on socialization and employment opportunities. Timely treatment of strabismus has a positive influence on the functionality of binocular vision, building self-esteem and self-satisfaction, being accepted by typically developing population, the quality and quantity of social interaction. The aim of this paper is to present the relation between strabismus and psychosocial reactions with regard to the available literature.

scholarly journals Metagenomic Comparisons between Soft and Hard Feces of Plateau Pikas (Ochotona curzoniae)

Animals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Haibo Fu ◽  
Wenjing Li
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Microbial Metabolism ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ochotona Curzoniae ◽  
The Future ◽  
First Time

The division of hard and soft feces is an effective digestion strategy in the order Lagomorpha. Although previous studies have reported that hard and soft feces differ in morphology and component, the discrepancy in the microbiome remains unclear. This study explored the microbiomes of hard and soft feces in plateau pikas by sequencing the V3 and V4 regions of 16S rDNA. We found that hard feces harbored higher Firmicutes, while soft feces harbored higher Akkermansia. Increased rare bacterial taxa were observed in hard feces compared with soft feces. Moreover, hard and soft feces displayed a greater difference in terms of core operational taxonomy units (OTUs) compared to the total OTUs. The soft feces showed enhancements in all predicted Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) functions, indicating an advancing microbial metabolism compared to hard feces. The significantly upregulated pathways in soft feces were mainly enriched in metabolism of energy and carbohydrate, glycan biosynthesis, cofactors and vitamins, and amino acids—all of which are associated with increased contents of microbial proteins, vitamins, and short-chain fatty acids. Our study reports, for the first time, the differential microbiomes between hard and soft feces of pikas and provides direction for the future studies on cecotrophy.

scholarly journals A review of the classification of nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Darko-Takyi ◽  
Naimah Ebrahim Khan ◽  
Urvashni Nirghin
Keyword(s):  
Binocular Vision ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Test Procedures ◽  
Convergence Insufficiency ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Divergence Insufficiency

There are conflicting and confusing ideas in literature on the different types of accommodative and vergence anomalies as different authors turn to classify them differently. This paper sought to review literature on the different classifications and types of nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies and harmonize these classifications. Search engines, namely Google scholar, Medline, Cinahl and Francis databases, were used to review literature on the classification of accommodative and vergence dysfunctions using keywords like <em>binocular vision dysfunctions</em>, <em>classification of nonstrabismic binocular vision disorders or anomalies</em>, <em>accommodative disorders/anomalies classification</em> and <em>vergence disorders/anomalies classifications</em>, and included works that described these anomalies. Nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies are classified as accommodative and vergence anomalies. There are three different major types of accommodative anomalies, namely accommodative insufficiency, accommodative infacility (accommodative inertia), and accommodative excess (accommodative spasm), and seven different types of vergence anomalies (convergence insufficiency, convergence excess, divergence insufficiency, divergence excess, basic esophoria, basic exophoria and fusional vergence dysfunctions), which are functional in origin. Functionally, there is a commonly reported interaction between accommodative and convergence insufficiency referred to as pseudoconvergence insufficiency. Accommodative paralysis (subtype of accommodative insufficiency) and vergence anomalies – <em>i.e.</em>, convergence paralysis, convergence spasm and divergence paralysis – are non-functional in origin with underlying systemic disease etiologies. Systemic convergence insufficiency, associated with subnormal accommodation, is a non-functional interaction between the accommodative and convergence insufficiency. The classification of nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies is based on the description of the clinical signs and the underlying etiology either functional or non-functional in origin. Proper diagnosis and management involves investigation of the underlying etiology in addition to the battery of binocular vision test procedures.

Feline arterial thromboembolism

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 426-430
Author(s):  
Eva Pavelková
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrial ◽  
Thromboembolic Event ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Antithrombotic Treatment ◽  
Arterial Thromboembolism ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Atrial Enlargement ◽  
Blood Flow Velocities ◽  
Thromboembolism Events

Arterial thromboembolism is a common complication of feline cardiomyopathy. In many cats, underlying cardiac disease can be clinically silent. Risk factors for development of arterial thromboembolism include a previous episode of arterial thromboembolism; spontaneous echocardiographic contrast; severe left atrial enlargement; reduced left atrial and left ventricular function; and low left auricular appendage blood flow velocities. Diagnosis can be based on clinical signs, but echocardiography is necessary to confirm the presence of cardiomyopathy. Antithrombotic treatment is often empirical, as prospective studies are lacking. Clopidogrel has been shown to be superior to aspirin in prevention of subsequent arterial thromboembolism events, and future studies might show efficacy of other antithrombotic drugs. Cats that survive the initial thromboembolic event might have a fairly favourable prognosis, with a survival of over 12 months.

Balloon dilation of a urethral stricture caused by a congenital obstructive proximal urethral membrane (COPUM) in a dog

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. e001084
Author(s):  
Darren Kelly ◽  
Ingrid Isaac ◽  
Judith Cruzado-Perez ◽  
Florence Juvet
Keyword(s):  
Urethral Stricture ◽  
Balloon Dilation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Membranous Structure ◽  
First Report ◽  
Urethral Strictures ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Proximal Urethra

Congenital urethral strictures are well recognised in human beings and have recently been described in two cats but have not been previously reported in dogs. A 10-month-old female English Bull Terrier presented with a life-long history of being unable to pass a normal stream of urine. Urethrocystoscopy confirmed the presence of a stricture lesion in the proximal urethra. This thin, membranous structure was effaced under endoscopic visualisation using a 10 mm diameter balloon-dilation catheter. Complete and sustained resolution of clinical signs occurred after a single dilation procedure. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a congenital urethral stricture in a dog and the term congenital obstructive proximal urethral membrane may be useful for describing these lesions in the future.

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