scholarly journals Comparison of morphine and carprofen administered alone or in combination for analgesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

2006 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
T.B. Dzikiti ◽  
K.E. Joubert ◽  
L.J. Venter ◽  
L.N. Dzikiti
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Morphine Group ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Total Pain ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The University

In this study the analgesic efficacy of the pure agonistic opioid morphine and the cyclo-oxygenase type-2-selective carprofen were compared since there is no previous specific comparative study for these two common analgesics. Forty-five bitches undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy were randomly assigned to one of three groups; receiving morphine 0.4 mg/kg bodyweight pre-operatively and 0.2 mg/kg every 4-6 hours thereafter (Morphine group), receiving a once-off carprofen 4 mg/kg injection (Carprofen group) or receiving both morphine and carprofen (MorphCarp group). The dogs were premedicated with acepromazine 0.01 mg/kg and induced with either thiopentone 5-10 mg/kg or propofol 4-6 mg/kg. General anaesthesia was maintained with halothane in oxygen. The degree of pain was assessed over a 24-hour period under blinded conditions using a pain scale modified from the University of Melbourne pain scale and the Glasgow composite pain tool. Physiological parameters such as respiratory rate, pulse rate and body temperature were also assessed over the same time period. There was no significant difference in pain-scores and thus analgesia offered by the three analgesia protocols at any assessment point across the three groups, but there were differences within groups across time points. Baseline total pain-scores were lower than scores at all post-operative points within all three groups. Both morphine and carprofen provided good analgesia without any obvious adverse effects. This study indicates that at the dosages indicated above, carprofen administered on its own produces analgesia equal to that produced by morphine and that the two drugs administered together do not produce better analgesia than either drug administered on its own.

scholarly journals A comparison of the analgesic efficacy of vedaprofeno, carprofen or ketofen after ovariohysterectomy in bitches

2008 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 785-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
André Luis Selmi ◽  
Bruno Testoni Lins ◽  
Fernanda Bicudo Cesar ◽  
Juliana Peboni Figueiredo ◽  
Juan Carlos Duque
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Visual Analogue Scale ◽  
Analogue Scale ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Serum Cortisol ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Postoperative Assessment ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
The University

In this study the authors aimed to compare the efficiency of carprofen, ketoprofen and vedaprofen for alleviating postoperative pain in bitches submitted to ovariohysterectomy (OH). Pre- and postoperative assessment of pain was made using serum levels of cortisol and glucose, the visual analogue scale (VAS) and the University of Melbourne pain scale (UMPS) in twenty-one bitches undergoing OH. Dogs were randomly assigned to one of three groups: vedaprofen at 0.5mg kg-1, carprofen at 2.2mg kg-1 or ketoprofen at 2.2mg kg-1. All analgesics were given orally 2 hour before surgery. Assessments were made before surgery and at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 12 and 24 hours post-extubation. No dog of this study required additional doses of analgesics. There were no significant differences on serum cortisol and glucose concentrations among groups or from basal values, excepted one hour after extubation. No significant differences on pain scores were observed. It was concluded that vedaprofen provided as good a level of postoperative analgesia as carprofen and ketoprofen.

Randomised clinical trial comparing the perioperative analgesic efficacy of oral tramadol and intramuscular tramadol in cats

2021 ◽  
pp. 1098612X2110404
Author(s):  
Sébastien H Bauquier
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Randomised Clinical Trial ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
American Society ◽  
Induction Of Anaesthesia

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of oral tramadol in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy. Methods Twenty-four female domestic cats, American Society of Anesthesiologists class I, aged 4–24 months, were included in this positive controlled, randomised, blinded clinical trial. Cats admitted for ovariohysterectomy were allocated to group oral tramadol (GOT, n = 12) or group intramuscular tramadol (GIMT, n = 12). In GOT, tramadol (6 mg/kg) was given orally 60 mins, and saline was given intramuscularly 30 mins, before induction of anaesthesia. In GIMT, granulated sugar in capsules was given orally 60 mins and tramadol (4 mg/kg) intramuscularly 30 mins before induction of anaesthesia. In both groups, dexmedetomidine (0.007 mg/kg) was given intramuscularly 30 mins before induction of anaesthesia with intravenous propofol. Anaesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen, and atipamezole (0.037 mg/kg) was given intramuscularly 10 mins after extubation. The UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite scale was used to conduct pain assessments before premedication and at 20, 60, 120, 240 and 360 mins post-extubation or until rescue analgesia was given. To compare groups, the 60 min postoperative pain scores and the highest postoperative pain scores were analysed via a two-tailed Mann–Whitney test, and the incidences of rescue analgesia were analysed via a Fisher’s exact test; P <0.05. Results There was no significant difference between groups for the 60 min ( P = 0.68) pain scores. The highest postoperative pain score was higher for GIMT compared with GOT ( P = 0.04). Only two cats required rescue analgesia, both from GIMT. The incidence of rescue analgesia was not significantly different between groups ( P = 0.46). Conclusions and relevance In the present study, preoperative administration of oral tramadol at 6 mg/kg to cats provided adequate analgesia for 6 h following ovariohysterectomy surgery.

Does meloxicam provide adequate pain management as a post-operative analgesic in canine ovariohysterectomy patients?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Gavin Goldsbrough ◽  
Helen Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Pain Management ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Post Surgery ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Adequate Pain Management

Background: Meloxicam is an analgesic agent with anti-inflammatory properties, commonly used in veterinary practices to treat a variety of different long-term medical conditions and is also used as a short-term pain relief following particularly traumatic surgeries. Aims: An observational study was conducted to determine whether meloxicam provides adequate pain management as a post-operative analgesic for canine ovariohysterectomies. Methods: 13 canines were admitted for ovariohysterectomy. Each patient was assessed using the Glasgow composite pain scale (CMPS) prior to surgery during the admission procedure, 15 minutes post-operatively, at discharge and at their post-operative check (POC) 3–5 days after surgery. Results: Data were statistically analysed to determine the overall effectiveness of meloxicam in reducing pain following canine ovariohysterectomy. The results showed a statistically significant difference (Kruskal-Wallis test: H3 =12.98, p=0.005) in pain scores between admission, 15 minutes post operatively, discharge and 3–5 days POC. The greatest decrease in pain score was between 15 minutes post-operatively and POC (Mann-Whitney U test: W=236, n=13, 13, p=0.0014) and between discharge and POC (Mann-Whitney U test: W=227, n=13, 13, p=0.0060). Overall, this demonstrated that there was an improvement in pain suggesting meloxicam is effective between these time frames. In addition, 69.2% (n=9) of patients in the study showed a pain score of 0, indicating an absence of pain, on their final POC. Statistical analysis was also used to determine if there was any difference in pain score between the 3, 4 or 5 day POC pain score. The results show there was no significant difference (Kruskal-Wallis test: H2 =0.090, p=0.638) suggesting that meloxicam's effectiveness was similar across this range of time post surgery. Conclusion: The results from the study indicate that meloxicam is an effective post-operative analgesic for canine patients undergoing an ovariohysterectomy.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Single Dose Epidural Morphine and Intermittent Dose Morphine with Bupivacaine in Post Cesarean Analgesia

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-44
Author(s):  
K Agarwal ◽  
M Sharma ◽  
N Agarwal ◽  
VK Agrawal ◽  
A Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Epidural Morphine ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Obstetric Anesthesia ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Morphine Group ◽  
Lower Segment Caesarean Section ◽  
Significant Difference

Aims: Obstetric anesthesia presents a challenge to the anesthesiologist. The effective pain management allows the parturient adequate degree of comfort and promotes physical recovery and a sense of well being. Methods: This randomized controlled study was designed to assess the analgesic efficacy and side effects of single dose direct epidural morphine (Group 1) versus intermittent 12 hourly epidural morphine with bupivacaine (Group2) for postoperative analgesia in lower segment caesarean section cases. Results: Each group consisted of 36 patients. Demographic characteristics of two groups were comparable and differences among them were not statistically significant. Mean duration of analgesia was significantly longer in group one patients (16.5 ± 2.5) in comparison to group two patients (11.5 ± 1.5). Mean highest visual analogue scales (VAS scale) was significantly lower (3.2± 0.9) in group one patients in comparison of group two (6.7±0.8) patients. Only 43% patient in group one required supplementary analgesic (Inj Paracetamole/ Diclofenac) and 71% required Inj epidural Morphine / Inj bupivacaine in group two. Mean number of supplementary analgesic required in group one was 0.7 and it was 1.8 in group two. There was no significant difference in nausea, vomiting, itching and pruritis in two groups of patients. Conclusions: our study showed that the use of single dose epidural morphine was associated with lower pain scores at rest and movement when compared to intermittent epidural morphine with bupivacaine in post-caesarean section analgesia. Single dose epidural morphine was found more convenient, less cumbersome and less costly as compared to intermittent epidural morphine for post-caesarean section analgesia. Nepal Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology / Vol 7 / No. 1 / Issue 13 / Jan- June, 2012 / 41-44 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v7i1.8835

Analgesic efficacy of intraperitoneal administration of bupivacaine in cats

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 906-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Benito ◽  
Beatriz Monteiro ◽  
Anne-Marie Lavoie ◽  
Guy Beauchamp ◽  
B Duncan X Lascelles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Blinded Study ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic efficacy of intraperitoneal (IP) bupivacaine in cats undergoing ovariohysterectomy (OVH). Methods Forty-five cats were included in a randomized, prospective, blinded study after owners’ written consent was obtained. The anesthetic protocol included acepromazine–buprenorphine–propofol–isoflurane. A ventral midline incision was made and cats (n = 15/group) were administered either IP saline 0.9% (negative and positive control groups; NG and PG, respectively) or IP bupivacaine (2 mg/kg; bupivacaine group; BG). Cats in the PG received meloxicam (0.2 mg/kg SC). An OVH was performed and postoperative pain was evaluated using a dynamic interactive visual analog scale (DIVAS), the UNESP-Botucatu multidimensional composite pain scale (MCPS) and mechanical nociceptive thresholds (MNT) for up to 8 h after the end of surgery. Postoperative sedation was evaluated using DIVAS. Rescue analgesia was provided with buprenorphine and/or meloxicam. Repeated measures linear models and a Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test were used for statistical analysis ( P <0.05). Results There was a significant effect of treatment on the number of times rescue analgesia was administered ( P = 0.002) (PG, n = 2, 13%; NG, n = 12, 80%; BG, n = 4, 27%) with the number of rescues being higher in the NG group than in the PG ( P = 0.0004) and BG ( P = 0.02) groups. The DIVAS, MCPS and MNT were significantly different when compared with baseline values at different time points; however, data were not significantly different among groups. Conclusions and relevance Treatments PG and BG produced similar analgesia in terms of pain scores, number of times rescue analgesia was administered and MNT. Based on rescue analgesia, IP administration of bupivacaine provides analgesia in cats after OVH.

scholarly journals Comparison of analgesic efficacy between TAP block and local site infiltration post operatively in caesarean section

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabanita Das ◽  
Usha Shukla ◽  
Dheer Singh ◽  
Urvashi Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Caesarean Section ◽  
Postoperative Analgesia ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Tap Block ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Pain ◽  
Study Population

Background: Patients undergoing caesarean section need to be alert, comfortable and mobile in order to take care of their babies, for which they must be pain free in post operative period. The aim of present study is to compare the analgesic efficacy of TAP block with local anaesthetic infiltration specifically in LSCS patients in reducing patient pain postoperatively, as well as to decrease the analgesic requirements.Methods: The study population consisted of 60 patients posted for elective and emergency caesarean section. They were blindly divided into two groups of 30 patients each. Group T received 40ml 0.25% Ropivacaine in Transverses abdominis plane (TAP) block for postoperative analgesia and group I received 40ml 0.25% ropivacaine as infiltration at incision site for postoperative analgesia. Patients were observed for numeric pain score NPS, analgesic requirements, total analgesic consumption and adverse effects if any.Results: There was highly significant difference in numeric pain scores at 2nd, 6th, 12th and 24th hours (p<0.0001). Both the time for first rescue analgesic and total amount of analgesic consumed are statistically significant (p<0.0001).Conclusions: TAP block is an effective postoperative analgesic procedure for post caesarean section patients.

scholarly journals Clinical use of the parasympathetic tone activity index as a measurement of postoperative analgaesia in dogs undergoing ovariohysterectomy

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismael Hernández-Avalos ◽  
Alex Valverde ◽  
José Antonio Ibancovichi-Camarillo ◽  
Pedro Sánchez-Aparicio ◽  
Sergio Recillas-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Clinical Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Clinical Relationship ◽  
Baseline Values ◽  
Parasympathetic Tone ◽  
The University

Abstract Introduction While the current tools to assess canine postoperative pain using physiological and behavioural parameters are reliable, an objective method such as the parasympathetic tone activity (PTA) index could improve postoperative care. The aim of the study was to determine the utility of the PTA index in assessing postoperative analgaesia. Material and Methods Thirty healthy bitches of different breeds were randomly allocated into three groups for analgaesic treatment: the paracetamol group (GPARAC, n = 10) received 15 mg/kg b.w., the carprofen group (GCARP, n = 10) 4 mg/kg b.w., and the meloxicam group (GMELOX, n = 10) 0.2 mg/kg b.w. for 48 h after surgery. GPARAC was medicated orally every 8 h, while GCARP and GMELOX were medicated intravenously every 24 h. The PTA index was used to measure the analgaesia–nociception balance 1 h before surgery (baseline), and at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 36, and 48 h after, at which times evaluation on the University of Melbourne Pain Scale (UMPS) was made. Results The baseline PTA index was 65 ± 8 for GPARAC, 65 ± 7 for GCARP, and 62 ± 5 for GMELOX. Postoperatively, it was 65 ± 9 for GPARAC, 63 ± 8 for GCARP, and 65 ± 8 for GMELOX. No statistically significant difference existed between baseline values or between values directly after treatments (P = 0.99 and P = 0.97, respectively). The PTA index showed a sensitivity of 40%, specificity of 98.46% and a negative predictive value of 99.07%. Conclusion Our findings suggest that the PTA index measures comfort and postoperative analgaesia objectively, since it showed a clinical relationship with the UMPS.

scholarly journals The Effect of Pain Training Before Thoracotomy Operation on Postoperative Pain Levels

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emel Gündüz ◽  
Hakan Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Extubation Time ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The World ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Vas Scores

INTRODUCTION: Postoperative pain is a condition that patients frequently complain about all over the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pain training before elective thoracotomy on postoperative pain levels in patients. METHODS: 100 patients who underwent thoracotomy for any reason were included in the study. Patients were given a 20-30-minute training on postoperative pain and how the pain is controlled, and what the patient can do to minimize the pain 24-48 hours before thoracotomy. The patients were divided into two groups; those that were trained and those that were not trained. Extubation time was accepted as baseline (0 hour). At the hours of 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24, patients were asked about their pain on the visual pain scale (VAS). Respiratory rate, blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation levels were recorded at the hours. RESULTS: When VAS scores were compared between the two groups, no significant difference was found in the values measured at the 4th hour whereas there was a significant difference between the subsequent values. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of this study showed that pain training before thoracotomy operation gradually decreased postoperative VAS pain scores in patients.

scholarly journals Intravenous Acetaminophen Does Not Provide Adequate Postoperative Analgesia in Dogs Following Ovariohysterectomy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3609
Author(s):  
Jessica Leung ◽  
Thierry Beths ◽  
Jennifer E. Carter ◽  
Richard Munn ◽  
Ted Whittem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Rescue Analgesia ◽  
Analgesic Effects ◽  
Pain Scores ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Intravenous Acetaminophen ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Score Evaluation

(1) Objective: To investigate the analgesic effects of intravenous acetaminophen after intravenous administration in dogs presenting for ovariohysterectomy. (2) Methods: 14 ASA I client-owned female entire dogs. In this randomized, blinded, clinical study, dogs were given meperidine and acepromazine intramuscularly before induction of anesthesia with intravenous propofol. Anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Intravenous acetaminophen 20 mg/kg or 0.9% NaCl was administered postoperatively. Pain assessments were conducted using the Glasgow Pain Scale short form before premedication and at 10, 20, 60, 120, and 180 min post-extubation or until rescue analgesia was given. The pain scores, times, and incidences of rescue analgesia between the groups was compared. Blood was collected before and 2, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 min after acetaminophen administration. Acetaminophen plasma concentration was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The acetaminophen plasma concentration at the time of each pain score evaluation was subsequently calculated. (3) Results: There was no significant difference in pain scores at 10 min, highest pain scores, or time of rescue analgesia between groups. In each group, 3 dogs (43%) received rescue analgesia within 20 min. (4) Conclusions: Following ovariohysterectomy in dogs, there was no detectable analgesic effect of a 20 mg/kg dosage of intravenous acetaminophen administered at the end of surgery.

scholarly journals Analgesic efficacy and associated plasma concentration of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol following oral administration post ovariohysterectomy in dogs

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M Goudie-DeAngelis ◽  
Kerry J Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Postoperative Pain ◽  
Pain Score ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Analgesic Efficacy ◽  
Pain Scale ◽  
Clinical Pain ◽  
Drug Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference

Tramadol is used in both human and veterinary medicine to treat postoperative pain. The purpose of this study was to evaluate tramadol as a sole postoperative analgesic and to compare drug plasma concentration to clinical pain score. A high or low dose of tramadol was randomly assigned and administered to 14 mixed breed female dogs after ovariohysterectomy. The Short-Form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale was used for pain evaluation post-operatively. Plasma was collected for evaluation of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol concentrations. The effect of weight and dose on pain scores as well as how pain score correlated with plasma concentration of tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol was evaluated. A significant difference in pain score was noted between doses when weight classes were pooled. The plasma concentrations did not correlate with pain score. Based on our results, the use of tramadol as a sole analgesic agent provides inadequate postoperative pain control.

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