scholarly journals The concepts of area and perimeter: Insights and misconceptions of Grade 10 learners

Pythagoras ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
France M. Machaba
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Area And Perimeter ◽  
Written Test ◽  
The Relationship

This article focuses on learners’ understanding and their descriptions of the concepts of area and perimeter, how learners solve problems involving area and perimeter and the relationship between them and misconceptions, and the causes of these misconceptions as revealed by learners when solving these problems. A written test was administered to 30 learners and clinical interviews were conducted with three of these learners, selected based on their responses in the test. This article shows that learners lack a conceptual understanding of area and they do not know what a perimeter is. Learners also hold misconceptions about the relationship between area and perimeter. It appears that inadequate prior knowledge of area and perimeter is the root cause of these misconceptions. This article provides suggestions on how to deal with the concepts of area and perimeter.Keywords: area; perimeter; insights; misconceptions; Grade 10

The More, the Merrier? Roles of Device-Student Ratio in Collaborative Inquiries and Its Interactions With External Scripts and Task Complexity

2021 ◽  
pp. 073563312110107
Author(s):  
Cixiao Wang ◽  
Huixiao Le
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
The Relationship

In collaborative learning, the intuition “the more device, the merrier” is somehow widely acknowledged, but little research has investigated the relationship between device-student ratio and the learning outcome. This study aims to investigate not only the main effect of different device-student ratio, also to identify the moderators in the learning context including task complexity, external script availability and students’ familiarity to the collaboration settings. A three-round quasi-experiment was conducted in a primary school in mainland China, 130 fifth-grade students from four classes participated. Group worksheet including conceptual understanding and problem-solving tasks were used to collect participants’ inquiry performance. Repeated measures ANOVA was employed in data analysis. Findings indicate that 1:m device-student ratio could be beneficial, and external scripts, and prior collaboration experience could moderate such effect. The different effect of 1:m device-student ratio to 1:1 is only significant in the situation when students are faced with relatively simple task, and the effect size is larger when external script is present. When the task is more complicated, such effect of device-student ratio would only emerge after a period of collaboration. This finding challenged the intuition that one-to-one device-student ratio could be better. Related discussions and recommendations to teaching were made.

Science or Art? How Aesthetic Standards Grease the Way Through the Publication Bottleneck but Undermine Science

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 562-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Giner-Sorolla
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Psychological Research ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
Journal Publication ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Results

The current crisis in psychological research involves issues of fraud, replication, publication bias, and false positive results. I argue that this crisis follows the failure of widely adopted solutions to psychology’s similar crisis of the 1970s. The untouched root cause is an information-economic one: Too many studies divided by too few publication outlets equals a bottleneck. Articles cannot pass through just by showing theoretical meaning and methodological rigor; their results must appear to support the hypothesis perfectly. Consequently, psychologists must master the art of presenting perfect-looking results just to survive in the profession. This favors aesthetic criteria of presentation in a way that harms science’s search for truth. Shallow standards of statistical perfection distort analyses and undermine the accuracy of cumulative data; narrative expectations encourage dishonesty about the relationship between results and hypotheses; criteria of novelty suppress replication attempts. Concerns about truth in research are emerging in other sciences and may eventually descend on our heads in the form of difficult and insensitive regulations. I suggest a more palatable solution: to open the bottleneck, putting structures in place to reward broader forms of information sharing beyond the exquisite art of present-day journal publication.

scholarly journals Recapitulation of the relationship between economic thoughts and realities

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Hua Liang
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Economic Problems ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Economic Thinking ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose It is rather common for China’s current academic circles to use western doctrines that originated in situ to explain China’s economic problems, a suspicion of scenario misplacement may thus arise. The root cause lies in the lack of reflection about the current relationship between economic thoughts and realities. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach Correctly understanding economic thoughts associated with the brand of “that era” and effectively deducing its characteristics is of great significance to finding new features of this era and constructing new ideas with the characteristics of “this era.” Findings This motif is exactly the keynote on which to base the study of economic history and economic thought. Originality/value In a period of major historical turning points, the economic realities on which the economic thinking about that era (the era of economists) relied was undergoing major changes, and re-emphasizing the ancient topic of the relationship between economic thoughts and economic realities became particularly urgent.

scholarly journals Assessing moodle-assisted e-learning for students’ concept understanding and critical thinking skills in algebra

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-369
Author(s):  
Agus Pahrudin ◽  
Yustika Fatimatuz Zahra ◽  
Nanang Supriadi ◽  
Iip Sugiharta ◽  
Farida Farida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Thinking ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Thinking Skills ◽  
Critical Thinking Skills ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Homogeneity Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Written Test

Conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills are necessary for all students to help them in their learning process. This research aims to determine the effect of Moodle-assisted e-learning on (1) conceptual understanding, (2) critical thinking skills, and (3) conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills combined. This research employed a quasi-experimental design with random cluster sampling was used as the sampling technique. An algebra written test was used to collect research data. Furthermore, the researchers performed the normality test, homogeneity test, and MANOVA analysis to analyze the data. The researchers discovered that Moodle-assisted e-learning influenced students' conceptual understanding, critical thinking skills, and conceptual understanding and critical thinking skills.

scholarly journals Are Entrepreneurial Capabilities and Prior Knowledge the Silver Bullet for the Generation of New Digital Venture Ideas in a Digital Context?

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Digital Technology ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Idea Generation ◽  
New Venture ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
It Capabilities ◽  
The Relationship

Digital technology has had changed the uncertain nature of the process of new venture idea generation, and it has also brought unprecedented opportunities for the generation of new digital venture ideas. To explore how startups can deal with major challenges brought by digital technology and create new digital venture ideas, this paper focuses on micro level entrepreneurial actions, and constructs a theoretical model of the relationship among networking capabilities, IT capabilities, prior knowledge and new digital venture ideas. Furthermore, through the hierarchical linear regression analysis of 278 sample data, the paper finds that in the context of digitalization, both networking capabilities and IT capabilities have a positive impact on the generation of new digital venture ideas. In addition, prior knowledge plays an moderating role in the relationship between IT capabilities and new digital venture ideas. This paper explore how startups can build new digital venture ideas in the context of digitalization, which guides small enterprises in responding to new challenges.

scholarly journals Learning with Leaflet of Electronegativity (LoEN): Enhancing Students' Understanding on Electronegativity, Chemical Bonding, and Polarity

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
E. Erlina ◽  
C. Cane ◽  
D. P. Williams
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Classroom Discussion ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
Full Color ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research has reported that many high-school and undergraduate students have difficulty explaining the relationship between polarity and electronegativity even though they may be familiar with the concept of polarity. This study aims to address these misconceptions using a leaflet and assess its effectiveness using questionnaires and concept testing.  A simple, colorful printable leaflet was produced and distributed to students in Indonesia. The Leaflet on Electronegativity (LoEN) provided students with an overview of the theoretical basis of the concepts and guidance on applying these principles. The leaflet format is cheap and easy to mass-produce, which is an important factor given the limited access to other types of appropriate learning resources in Indonesia. The leaflet formed the basis of a classroom discussion activity. Visualization is known to play an important role in constructing students' conceptual understanding, so the leaflet made extensive use of diagrams to explain relevant concepts. The leaflet was printed in full color to make it visually appealing and facilitate student learning. Students were tested before and after learning with the LoEN. A Paired-sample t-test using SPSS is used to compare the pretest and posttest scores to measure the effectivity of the LoEN.A statistically significant improvement in scores (p = 0.000) was achieved, which indicates that using the LoEN in the classroom helps students understand the topic. Also, students' positive responses signify that the LoEN provides an engaging way to learn the concepts.

scholarly journals Modelling instruction effect with different reasoning ability on physics conceptual understanding by controlling the prior knowledge

2020 ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Ike Lusi Meilina ◽  
Supriyono Koes Handayanto ◽  
Muhardjito Muhardjito
Keyword(s):  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Scientific Reasoning ◽  
Model Development ◽  
Learning Model ◽  
Reasoning Ability ◽  
Knowledge Test ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Reasoning Abilities ◽  
Significant Difference

Modelling instruction is systematic instructional activity for constructing and applying scientific knowledge in Physics lesson. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of Modelling instruction with different reasoning abilities on understanding physical concepts by controlling students’ prior knowledge. This research used experimental method with 2x2 factorial design with two Modelling instruction classes and two conventional classes with a total of 176 students. The instrument used was reasoning ability test, prior knowledge test, and physics concept test. It used LCTSR (Lawson’s Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning) instrument. Prior knowledge test instruments consisted of 25 problems to identify how deep the students understand the topic before they undergo the learning process and physics concept test consisted of 25 problems. Based on the statistical test using two factor Ancova, it proved that there was a significant difference in students’ ability to master the physics concept between using Modelling instruction learning model and using conventional learning model. The result showed that the Modelling instruction increasing conceptual understanding better than conventional learning. There are two important parts in the Modelling instruction that are model development and model deployment. This study also confirms that there are significant differences in understanding the concepts between students of high reasoning ability and low reasoning ability. Students with high reasoning abilities have a better understanding of concepts than students with low reasoning abilities.

scholarly journals Motivational and Emotional Orientation, Engagement, and Achievement in Mathematics. A Case Study With One Sixth-Grade Classroom Working With an Electronic Textbook on Fractions

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Reinhold ◽  
Stefan Hoch ◽  
Anja Schiepe-Tiska ◽  
Anselm R. Strohmaier ◽  
Kristina Reiss
Keyword(s):  
Learning Outcomes ◽  
Prior Knowledge ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Emotional Engagement ◽  
Behavioral Engagement ◽  
Electronic Textbook ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Grade Classroom

Interactive and adaptive scaffolds implemented in electronic mathematics textbooks bear high potential for supporting students individually in learning mathematics. In this paper, we argue that emotional and behavioral engagement may account for the effectiveness of such digital curriculum resources. Following the general model for determinants and course of motivated action, we investigated the relationship between students’ domain-specific motivational and emotional orientations (person)—while working with an electronic textbook on fractions (situation), their emotional and behavioral engagement while learning (action), and their achievement after tuition (outcome). We conducted a case-study with N = 27 students from one sixth-grade classroom, asking about the relationship between students’ motivational and emotional orientations and their emotional and behavioral engagement, and whether emotional and behavioral engagement are unique predictors of students’ cognitive learning outcomes while working with an e-textbook. For that, we designed a four-week-intervention on fractions using an e-textbook on iPads. Utilizing self-reports and process data referring to students’ interactions with the e-textbook we aimed to describe if and how students make use of the offered learning opportunities. Despite being taught in the same classroom, results indicated large variance in students’ motivational and emotional orientations before the intervention, as well as in their emotional and behavioral engagement during the intervention. We found substantial correlations between motivational and emotional orientations (i.e., anxiety, self-concept, and enjoyment) and emotional engagement (i.e., intrinsic motivation, competence and autonomy support, situational interest, and perceived demand)—with positive orientations being associated with positive emotional engagement, as expected. Although the correlations between orientations and behavioral engagement (i.e., task, exercise, and hint count, problem solving time, and feedback time) also showed the expected directions, effect sizes were smaller than for emotional engagement. Generalized linear mixed models revealed that emotional engagement predicted cognitive learning outcomes uniquely, while for behavioral engagement the interaction with prior knowledge was a significant predictor. Taken together, they accounted for a variance change of 44% in addition to prior knowledge. We conclude that when designing digital learning environments, promoting engagement—in particular in students who share less-promizing prerequisites—should be considered a key feature.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KECEPATAN JATUH SEDIMEN PADA SUNGAI CIBEET, JAWA BARAT

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Kevin Wijaya Warsito ◽  
Wati Astriningsih Pranoto
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Understanding ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Soil Mechanics ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Sediment Concentration ◽  
Water And Sediment ◽  
Sediment Research ◽  
Hydraulics Laboratory ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Optimum Salinity

Cibeet River is one of the branch of the Citarum river in West Java province with a length of 101 km. Cibeet River is one of the rivers supplying water and sediment to the West Tarum irrigation channel or known as the Kalimalang. In this research, the sample used was in the form of mud taken at the Cibeet River Estuary. This research is focused on settling velocity which is a parameter for sedimentation in order to improve numerical modeling and conceptual understanding of sediment dynamics, especially mud. Sediment research is carried out in the Soil Mechanics laboratory and Hydraulics laboratory. Bottom withdrawal tube experiments were carried out using 5 types of salinity and 6 kinds of sediment concentrations. The purpose of the study was to obtain settling velocity and compare laboratory results with the Stokes law approach and compare the relationship between settling velocity with sediment concentration and salinity. The optimum salinity is obtained at 15 ‰, and the optimum sediment concentration at 4700 ppm with an average fall speed of 37,28 mm / s. The results from the laboratory are not in accordance with the Stokes law due to the influence of flocculation from the cohesive nature of the mud sediment, so that using the Stokes law approach cannot calculate the velocity of falling sediment on the mud. Keywords: concentration; salinity; sediment; settling velocity AbstrakSungai Cibeet merupakan salah satu anak sungai dari sungai Citarum di provinsi Jawa Barat dengan panjang 101 km. Sungai Cibeet merupakan salah satu sungai pemasok air dan sedimen ke saluran irigasi Tarum Barat atau dikenal sebagai Kalimalang. Pada penelitian ini, sampel yang digunakan berupa lumpur yang diambil di Muara Sungai Cibeet. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada kecepatan jatuh sedimen yang merupakan parameter untuk sedimentasi demi meningkatkan permodelan numerik dan pemahaman konsep dari dinamika sedimen terutama lumpur.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium Mekanika Tanah dan laboratorium Hidrolika, memakai bottom withdrawal tube, dilakukan dengan menggunakan 5 macam jenis salinitas dan 6 macam konsentrasi sedimen.  Penelitian ini membandingkan antara hasil laboratorium dengan pendekatan yaitu hukum Stokes serta membandingkan hubungan antara konsentrasi sedimen dengan salinitas. Untuk salinitas didapat optimum pada saat 15‰, dan konsentrasi sedimen yang optimum pada saat 4700 ppm dengan kecepatan jatuh rata-rata 37,28 mm/s. Hasil dari laboratorium tidak sesuai dengan pendekatan hukum stokes dikarenakan adanya pengaruh flokulasi dari sifat sedimen lumpur yang kohesif, sehingga menggunakan pendekatan hukum stokes tidak bisa untuk menghitung kecepatan jatuh sedimen pada lumpur.

Paternal Borderline Symptoms and Offspring Outcomes in Young Adulthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Elaine J. Johnson ◽  
Patricia A. Brennan
Keyword(s):  
Internalizing Symptoms ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Borderline Personality ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Interviews ◽  
Youth Outcomes ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Significant Mediator ◽  
Significant Moderator

Borderline personality disorder symptoms (BPDsx) in mothers have been linked to psychopathology in their offspring. However, it is still unclear whether BPDsx in fathers influences offspring psychopathology and, if so, how this risk transmission may occur. A total of 448 father-mother-offspring triads completed a longitudinal study following children from birth until age 20 and included self-report questionnaires and clinical interviews when children were 15 and 20 years old. Results revealed that paternal BPDsx were predictive of youth BPDsx and internalizing symptoms, even after controlling for maternal BPDsx. Chronic family stress was a significant mediator of the relationship between paternal BPDsx and offspring BPDsx, internalizing symptoms, and externalizing symptoms. Fathers' expressed emotion and child temperament were not significant mediators. Although offspring sex predicted youth outcomes, it was not a significant moderator of the association between paternal BPDsx and offspring symptoms. Finally, controlling for comorbid paternal disorders weakened the association between paternal BPDsx and youth psychopathology.

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