scholarly journals Assessing the Diagnostic Imaging needs for Five Selected Hospitals in Uganda

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael G Kawooya ◽  
George Pariyo ◽  
Elsie K Malwadde ◽  
Rosemary Byanyima ◽  
Harrient Kisembo
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Risk Pregnancy ◽  
Specific Objective ◽  
Beliefs And Values ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Limited Health

Introduction: Uganda has limited health resources. It is important to measure the need for imaging in order to set policy and plan for imaging services. Objectives: The first specific objective was to develop and apply four imaging needs indices on a case study basis, in five selected Ugandan hospitals. The indices were: Imaging Load (IL), Imaging Burden (IB), Type Specific Imaging Burden (TSIB), and Disease Specific Imaging Burden (DSIB). The second objective was to explore the perceptions of the patient, referring clinician, and radiologist regarding the values, meaning, and objective of imaging in patient care. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey employing triangulation methodology, conducted in 5 Ugandan hospitals over a period of 3 years during 2005 - 2008. The subjects were divided into four clusters: Obstetrics and gynecology (obs/gynae), surgery, internal medicine, and pediatrics. For the quantitative component of the study, data from case notes was used to calculate the indices. The qualitative component explored the non-measurable aspects of imaging needs from the clinician's, radiologist's, and patient's perspective. Results: A total of 1961 patient case notes were studied. The IB was 460 per 1000 hospital patients per year. The highest TSIB was for ultrasound at 232 per 1000 hospital patients per year, followed by 191 patients for general X-ray. The majority of the patients interviewed had special desires, expectations, and misconceptions. Conclusions: There is a high IB of 460 per thousand patient populations per year, mainly due to ultrasound. The majority of the patients have perceptions, misconceptions, beliefs, and values which influence the need for imaging. There is a need to address the medical and non-tangible imaging needs of the patient and to counteract imaging-related misconceptions and over-expectations. Public awareness of the value, capabilities, limitations, and adverse effects of various imaging modalities need to be addressed to ensure that the patients make informed imaging choices and readily avail themselves of interventions in situations when imaging is crucial, for example in suspected high-risk pregnancy.

Various interdental aids, their effectiveness and recommendation; A Cross-Sectional Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2046-2049
Author(s):  
Ali Anwaar ◽  
Fareed Ahmad ◽  
Muhammad Shairaz Sadiq ◽  
Mustafa Qadeer ◽  
Muhammad Afzal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sample Size ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Dental Hygiene ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Outpatient Department ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Know How ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Masses

Objective: The aim of this study is to discover effectiveness of interdental aid, their use in the daily oral hygiene and suggestion of interdental aid to be used. Methods & Materials: This study was conducted among 503 convenient samples of patients from outpatient department of IOD, CMH Lahore medical college. It is a questionnaire-based study. Data collected from February 2021 to April 2021. A written consent was taken. All the examiners were calibrated for check-up and questionnaire was filled on effectiveness of interdental aids and its uses and recommendation by individual. Results: Total 503 people with 230 females and 273 males were participated in the study. Majority of the sample size did not know how to do interdental cleaning. Also, there is lack of awareness about dental hygiene in the masses. Conclusion: Amongst the patients which came for their dental treatments who were using any interdental cleaning aid, toothpick was the most common choice. However, toothpicks are not a recommended aid because it can damage the gums and cause bleeding. Awareness should be given to the patients so that they use appropriate methods and aids for interdental cleaning. Keywords: Interdental Aids, Effectiveness

Evaluation of health system in Iraq from people's point of view: a comparative study of two different eras

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 380-387
Author(s):  
Saad Ahmed Ali Jadoo ◽  
Adil H. Alhusseiny ◽  
Shukr Mahmood Yaseen ◽  
Mustafa Ali Mustafa Al-Samarrai ◽  
Anmar Shukur Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Health System ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Current Health ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Geographical Regions

Background: Since the 2003 United States–British Coalition military invasion, Iraq has been in a state of continuous deterioration at all levels, including the health sector. This study aimed to elicit the viewpoints of the Iraqi people on the current health system, focusing on many provided health services and assessing whether the public prefers the current health system or that was provided before the invasion. Methods: A cross-sectional survey designed to explore the Iraqi people’s opinions on their health system. A self-administered questionnaire using a multi-stage sampling technique was distributed in five geographical regions in Iraq to collect the data from the head of household between 1st October and 31st of December 2019. Multiple logistic regressions were recruited to determine the significant contributing variables in this study. Results: A total of 365 heads of households (response rate: 71.7%) with the mean age of 48.36 + 11.92 years (ranged 35-78) included in the study. Most of the respondents (61.4%) complained of healthcare inaccessibility, 59.7% believed that health resources were not available, 53.7% claimed a deterioration in the quality of care, and 62.2% believed that the political / media position did not contribute to positive changes during the past two decades. Indeed, most respondents (66.0%) believe that the current healthcare system is worse than before. In the multivariate analysis, there was a statistically significant relationship between the characteristics and opinions of the respondents. Young age group (p = 0.003), men (p = < 0.001), unmarried (p = 0.001), high educated (p = < 0.001), rural resident (p = < 0.001), unemployed (p = 0.003), monthly income of less than USD 400 (p = < 0.001), consider themselves to be unhealthy (p = 0.001),  and those who think that people are unhappy now than two decades ago (p = 0.012) have a more negative opinion of the health system. Conclusions: Most Iraqis surveyed expressed disappointment from the health system after the 2003 US-led invasion. The current health system is faltering at all levels and does not meet the citizens' basic needs. Health Transformation Program (HTP) has become inevitable to develop an accessible, affordable, high-quality, efficient, and effective health system.

scholarly journals A Household-Based Cross-Sectional Survey of Knowledge, Awareness and Practice Regarding Malaria in Western Area Rural District, Sierra Leone

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Wang ◽  
Jianhai Yin ◽  
Canjun Zheng ◽  
Samuel Juana Smith ◽  
Esther Ngegba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Malaria Prevention ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Capital City ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Area ◽  
Route Of Transmission

Sierra Leone is a highly endemic area for malaria, and the implementation of the National Malaria Strategic Plan (2016–2020) has reached its midpoint in 2018. To provide more specific guidance for interventions in the future, a household-based cross-sectional survey was conducted to elucidate the knowledge, awareness and practices regarding malaria and malarial control measures among the general public. Three communities (Grafton, Jui, and Kossoh) in the Western Area Rural District that were in close proximity to Sierra Leone's capital city of Freetown were included. Households were randomly selected and interviewed with a structured questionnaire covering malaria infection, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, as well as knowledge of malaria prevention. As a result, a total of 262 qualified questionnaires were included. The average cost for meals per day is ~30,000 Leones in each household. The rate of awareness, indicated by reporting having heard of malaria, was 98.1% (257/262), and 86.6% (227/262) of the respondents knew that mosquito bites are the main route of transmission. In addition, 80.9% (212/262) of the respondents sought health advice or treatment for the illness, and a similar percentage of respondents had been tested for malaria, mostly with rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). A high demand for long-lasting insecticidal nets (72.1%) matched the serious shortage (61.8%, 162/262), and of the households that reported a lack of nets, 66 had children younger than 5 years old. In conclusion, public awareness of malaria prevention is high, based on this survey, although there was a limited use of preventive measures in these three communities and the malaria burden was still high. Therefore, the public's knowledge of malaria should be sustained and reinforced, and the distribution and use of malaria prevention measures should be promoted to supprt the achievement of the planned objectives.

scholarly journals SEPTICEMIA;

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (06) ◽  
pp. 808-811
Author(s):  
SAEMA TEHSEEN ◽  
AFIFA WAHEED ◽  
NABEELA SHAMI
Keyword(s):  
Study Design ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Elective Termination ◽  
Complete History ◽  
Definite Role

Induced Miscarriage is defined as the elective termination of pregnancy before 24 weeks of gestation. Objectives: To determinethe frequency of sepsis associated with induced Miscarriage. Study Design: Cross-sectional survey. Setting: Department of Obstetrics andGynaecology, Unit-II, Ghurki Trust Teaching Hospital, Lahore. Duration of Study: Six months from 25-12-08 to 24-06-09. Materials andMethods: Total 110 cases were taken. Complete history including parity and mode of admission was taken. All information was recorded onspecially designed proforma. Results: A large number of patients turned out to be para 3-4 i.e. 87 (79%), 15 cases (13.7%) had the paritybetween 5-7 and only 8 cases (7.3%) were para 1-2 (Table-I).On analyzing the mode of admission it was found that 50 (45.4%) patients wereadmitted through out-patient department. 60 cases (54.6%) were admitted through emergency (Table-II). Finally the frequency of sepsisamongst women presenting with Miscarriage was calculated and it was found to be 25 (22.7%). 85 (77.3%) cases did not show any evidence ofsepsis (Table-III). Conclusions: Illegal Miscarriages are a major contribution to septic morbidity leading to a large number of maternal deathswhich is a dilemma in under developed countries like ours. Better public awareness and access to contraceptive measures has a definite role toplay in improving the outcome.

scholarly journals Public awareness and acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine: An online cross-sectional survey, conducted in the first phase of vaccination drive in India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arumuganainar Suresh ◽  
Rocktotpal Konwarh ◽  
Anand Pratap Singh ◽  
Anand Krishna Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Clinical Trial Data ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Specific Complex ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Knowledge And Acceptance

Abstract The context-specific, complex issue of ‘vaccine hesitancy’ is explicated in terms of delay or refusal of vaccination despite the availability of vaccine services. Although eleven million beneficiaries were administered the COVID-19 vaccine in India from 16th January 2021 till 20th February 2021, however, proportionately a low turnout has been registered in various parts of the country, possibly attributable to hesitance/apprehension towards the current vaccination. In this backdrop, we report the response (collected between Feb 1, 2021 and Feb 15, 2021) of 358 voluntary respondents who participated in an online questionnaire-based pan-India survey, executed to assess their knowledge and acceptance towards the current COVID-19 vaccination program in its first phase. The survey questionnaire consisted of demographic characteristics of the respondents and queries pertaining to knowledge (7 items) and acceptance (3 items). The overall correct rate and the average knowledge score of the participants were 78 % and 5.46 ± 1.4/7 respectively. The acceptance score was 3.50 ± 1.6/5 while 70 % of participants agreed against the 20 % of respondents who neither agreed nor disagreed to take the vaccine. Around 66 % believed that the vaccines, currently being administered in India are safe. Fear about possible side effects (44 %) and inadequacy of comprehensive clinical trial data (29 %), seemed to be the major players in fortifying the vaccine hesitancy among the respondents, exhibiting negative acceptance. Although maximum respondents demonstrated a good level of knowledge (82%) and acceptance (88%), significant differences were observed among some demographic variables. In general, a positive correlation was observed between knowledge and acceptance against a negative correlation, observed in specific provinces. Despite the good acceptance and knowledge, a considerable fraction of the participants (30%) expressed hesitancy. Counselling, mobilization, and feedback from vaccinated individuals about safety should be encouraged. However, due to the limited sample size, we must be cautious when generalizing these findings. Nevertheless, the major elucidations of this study may be utilized in planning vaccination campaigns in further phases.

Local Side Effects Caused by Hair Dye Use in Females: Cross-sectional Survey

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid M. Alghamdi ◽  
Noura A. Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Hair Dyes ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Hair Dye ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Relevant Variables ◽  
Skin Redness ◽  
Local Side

Background: Despite its association with a number of side effects, hair dye use is common worldwide. Objective: To explore the local side effects of hair dye use and to relate these effects to features of hair dyeing. Methods: A questionnaire about hair dye use was distributed to a random sample of 650 female patients at various outpatient clinics in 2008. Results: A total of 567 females returned the questionnaire (87.2% response rate). Of these respondents, 82.6% (464 of 562) had used hair dye products in the past. The mean age at first use was 22.23 ± 7.05 years, and the median time between two consecutive dyes was 6 months. Of these respondents, 76.8% (354 of 461) used permanent dyes. Participants reported that they suffered skin redness caused by hair dyes (15.1%, 65 of 431), had scaling (14.4%, 60 of 417), or had itchiness (31.3%, 134 of 428). In addition, 74% (262 of 354) of the participants reported that they had issues with the texture or condition of hair following hair dye use; 77.7% (314 of 404) reported split ends, whereas 69.6% (273 of 392) reported hair dryness, 69.4% (256 of 369) lusterless hair, 77.2% (308 of 399) excessive hair loss, and 53.6% (210 of 392) excessive hair graying. Furthermore, 55.1% (196 of 356) of the participants reported a slowing of hair growth. The total number of hair dyeing events was associated with increased hair loss (p = .04) and excessive graying (p < .001) after controlling for all relevant variables. Conclusion: Hair dye is associated with local side effects to the skin and hair. Increased public awareness of these risks could help inform consumer choices and reduce excessive use.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Regarding Rabies in El Jadida Region, Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Khadija Bouaddi ◽  
Abdelali Bitar ◽  
Mohammed Bouslikhane ◽  
Abdesslam Ferssiwi ◽  
Aziz Fitani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
El Jadida ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

The aim of this study was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding rabies in the El Jadida region, Morocco. We conducted a cross-sectional survey using a structured questionnaire among randomly selected residents across 24 study sites. In total, 407 respondents took part in the survey. The majority (367, 92%) were male and had no formal education (270, 66%). Some (118, 29%) believed that rabies does not affect humans. Most respondents (320, 79%) were aware that vaccination could prevent rabies, but nevertheless did not vaccinate their dogs (264, 64.9%) and allowed their dogs to roam freely in search of food. Some (52.8%) would visit traditional healers for treatment in the event of a dog bite incident. Age and educational level were found to be significantly associated with knowledge, attitudes, and practices (p < 0.05). Although respondents demonstrated some level of knowledge about rabies, overall this study reveals critical gaps in their attitudes and practices. These shortcomings may be associated with a low level of education. Therefore, decision-makers need a new approach to control rabies, with a special focus on public awareness and health education, in order to sustain rabies control programs.

Factors Associated With Degree and Length of Recovery in Children With Mild and Complicated Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Neurosurgery ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. E842-E850 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E Gardner ◽  
Masaru Teramoto ◽  
Colby Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Activity Patterns ◽  
Skull Fracture ◽  
Complete Recovery ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Potential Risk Factors

Abstract BACKGROUND A complicated mild traumatic brain injury (C-mTBI) is an mTBI with some form of intracranial abnormality identified radiographically. The lack of knowledge in recovery patterns and no clear guidelines on return to activity in children with C-mTBI provide unique challenges to physicians. OBJECTIVE To examine recovery patterns among three cohorts: mTBI, mTBI with skull fracture only (mTBI-SF), and C-mTBI via a cross-sectional survey. METHODS Caregivers of children with mTBI (from hospital database queries 2010–2013) were mailed a questionnaire on preinjury health, postinjury recovery, and activity patterns before and after injury. We examined degree (0-10 with 10 being complete recovery) and length (in months) of recovery in children with mTBI, and associations of potential risk factors to these variables. RESULTS Of the 1777 surveyed, a total of 285 complete responses were analyzed for this study. Data included 175 (61.4%) children with mTBI, 33 (11.6%) children with mTBI-SF, and 77 (27.0%) children with C-mTBI. Older age and C-mTBI (vs mTBI) were significantly associated with a lower degree and longer period of recovery (P < .05). Predicted probabilities of complete recovery for children with mTBI, those with mTBI-SF, and those with C-mTBI were 65.5%, 52.7%, and 40.0%, respectively. Predicted probabilities of not yet completely recovered after more than a year since injury for these groups were 11.3%, 24.4%, and 37.6%, respectively. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate significant differences in children with different forms of mTBI, and argue for further investigation of treatment plans individualized for each form of mTBI.

scholarly journals Public Awareness of Sepsis Compared to Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: Questionnaire Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nourah Al-Orainan ◽  
Adel Mohamed EL-Shabasy ◽  
Khawlah Alamin Al-Shanqiti ◽  
Rawan Awad Al-Harbi ◽  
Hadeel Rajeh Alnashri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Acute Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Data Entry ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Correct Definition

BACKGROUND Sepsis is a state of organ dysfunction caused by an impaired host response to infection. It is one of the leading causes of death globally. Sepsis, acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and stroke share the primary management requirement of rapid intervention. This could be achieved through early presentation to the hospital, which demands previous knowledge of the disease to ensure better outcomes. OBJECTIVE Our study aimed to assess the level of public awareness of sepsis compared with AMI and stroke. METHODS This was a cross-sectional survey study performed in June and July 2018, with 1354 participants from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, aged ≥18 years. Data entry was performed using Microsoft Excel and statistical analysis including chi-square tests and multilogistic regression was performed using SPSS software. RESULTS A total of 1354 participants were included. Only 56.72% (768/1354) had heard of the term “sepsis” and 48.44% (372/768) of these participants were able to correctly identify it. In addition, 88.33% (1196/1354) had heard the term “myocardial infarction” and 64.63% (773/1196) knew the correct definition of that condition. Stroke was recognized by 81.46% (1103/1354) of participants and 59.20% (653/1103) of these participants correctly identified the condition. The difference between those who had heard of these diseases and those who knew the correct definition significantly differed from the values for awareness of sepsis and its definition. CONCLUSIONS We found that public awareness and knowledge of sepsis are poor amongst the population of Jeddah compared with the awareness and knowledge of AMI and stroke. This lack of knowledge may pose a serious obstruction to the prompt management needed to limit fatal outcomes.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Public Awareness of Cancer Risk Factors and Determinants among Yemeni adults- A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 319 ◽  
pp. 01051
Author(s):  
Amran Ibrahim ◽  
Karima El Rhazi ◽  
Bouchra Benazzouz ◽  
Sawson Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Fresh Vegetables

Cancer is the second biggest cause of premature death after cardiovascular diseases. However, the majority of cancers are caused by risk factors that may be changed. Knowledge is frequently a component of the behavior modification process. Data on the target population’s level of knowledge is required. A cross-sectional survey about nine risk factors for cancer was conducted in four areas in Yemen. The data was analyzed using spss statistics (version20). Among the (571) subjects who took part in the research. The majority of respondents agreed that active smoking, alcohol consumptions are cancer risk factors and physical activity as a preventive factor for developing cancer. However, fewer respondents agreed that passive smoking, lack of fresh vegetables and fruits, sun overexposure, obesity, air pollution in cities and indoor smoke, physical inactivity are cancer risk factors. Participants’ responses were shown to have a strong relationship with their educational level, residency, and gender. The higher the educational level and whenever the gender was male and residency urban the higher the probability that respondents identified cancer risk factors including smoking and physical activity as a preventive factor (p<0.0005). The findings show that this community has little knowledge of prevalent cancer risk factors.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document