THE GROWTH AND ECONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF PRECONDITIONED CALVES AND THEIR DAMS ON THE FARM AND OF CALVES IN THE FEEDLOT

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. B. KARREN ◽  
J. A. BASARAB ◽  
T. L. CHURCH
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Treatment Rate ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Cow Calf ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm

A study was conducted to evaluate the effects of preconditioning beef calves. In 1982, each of two producers allocated 100 cow-calf pairs to the study while in 1983, 130 cow-calf pairs were included on Farm 1 and 151 on Farm 2. In 1982, approximately even numbers of cow-calf pairs were randomly assigned to either a preconditioning (PC) or a regular (RG) program. These same groups were maintained in 1983. The length of the period from early weaning to shipment (preconditioning period) was 30 d (PC30) in 1982 and either 30 or 42 d (PC42) in 1983. At the end of the preconditioning period, calves from both farms were shipped to the same feedlot for 68- and 95-d tests in 1982 and 1983, respectively. PC calves gained faster than RG calves during the preconditioning period in five of the six farms by year by treatment situations. Preconditioning calves for 42 d rather than 30 d had no effect on either preconditioning gain or farm to feedlot weight loss. The cost of preconditioning ranged from $29.65 to $38.77 head−1 for PC30 calves and from $41.95 to $49.08 head−1 for PC42 calves. The price differential required by the cow-calf producer to break-even on PC calves ranged from + 5.0C kg−1 for PC30 calves to + 11.0C kg−1 for PC42 calves. Weaning treatment had no effect on either pregnancy rate the following year or on calving interval. In 1982 RG calves gained 0.13 kg d− more in the feedlot than PC30 calves. In 1983 PC30, PC42 and RG calves gained similarly. Treatment for illness of PC30 calves during the feedlot phase was 13.7% lower than RG calves in 1982. In 1983, treatment rate was reduced 42.0% for PC30 calves and 60.6% for PC42 calves. Preconditioning for 42 d rather than 30 d had no effect on feedlot growth or health performance. Cost of gain was 5.0C kg−1 less for PC calves than for RG calves in both 1982 and 1983. Key words: Calves (beef), weaning (early), preconditioning, farm, feedlot

scholarly journals Influence of the age of first insemination and first calving in Holstein – Friesian heifers on farm economic efficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
K. Stankov
Keyword(s):  
Milk Yield ◽  
Economic Efficiency ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Friesian Cattle

Abstract. The present study aims to assess the influence of the age of first insemination and first calving in Holstein-Friesian heifers on the cost of breeding and the cost of their marketing as breeding animals. For this purpose, a study was conducted on 7 farms (A, B, C, D, E, F, G) situated in Central and Southern Bulgaria in which Holstein-Friesian cattle are bred. The results of the study indicated that the age of first insemination in the controlled farms was 17.2 months on average, and the age of first calving (AFC) was 26.6 months, which was within the established norms for the Holstein-Frisian breed raised in the country. The heifers from farm A, which entered breeding age the earliest (at 16 months), as well as the age of first calving (25.3 months) had the longest utilisation period – 4.9 lactations. However, they did not develop the highest milk yield either and the economic performance from their raising was low. The heifers on farm F, with age of first insemination of 17.3 months, and first calving age of 26.8 months, and the ones from farm G, with ages 17.4 and 26.6 months, respectively, developed maximum milk yield per lactation. The expenses for raising a heifer of the Holstein-Frisian breed varied from BGN 1922 up to BGN 2389, with an average sum of cost for the studied farms amounting to BGN 2123. This indicated that the raising of heifers from a high-yield breed was an expensive undertaking, but when taking the necessary care for their breeding at a younger age during the period of use they developed higher milk productivity.

EFFECTS OF EARLY WEANING ON CALF GAIN AND COW PERFORMANCE AND INFLUENCE OF BREED, AGE OF DAM AND SEX OF CALF

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. BASARAB ◽  
F. S. NOVAK ◽  
D. B. KARREN
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Birth Date ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Cow Performance ◽  
Calving Intervals ◽  
Winter Feeding

A study was conducted to determine the effects of early weaning and preconditioning to feedlot on calf gain and the effects of early weaning on cow weight and reproductive performance. A total of 390 cow-calf pairs in 1982 and 460 in 1983, representing four breed, three age-of-dam groups and two-sex-of-calf groups, were randomly assigned to either an early weaned (EW) or a late weaned (LW) group. In the fall of each year, EW calves were weaned 1 mo before LW calves and fed grain (up to 4.8 kg head−1 d−1) and hay during this period. EW calves gained approximately 0.5 kg d−1 less over the 1 mo fall test period than LW calves in 1982 (0.16 vs. 0.75 kg d−1) and 1983 (0.05 vs. 0.58 kg d−1). EW cows gained 0.32 kg d−1 more during this same period than LW cows in 1982 (0.86 vs. 0.54 kg d−1) and lost 0.21 kg d−1 less in 1983 (−0.10 vs. −0.31 kg d−1). These differences in gain did not result in significant weight differences between EW and LW cows entering the winter feeding period in either year. EW and LW cows lost a similar amount of weight over the winter feeding period in 1982–1983 (−0.13 vs. −0.12 kg d−1) and had the same weight after calving in 1983. However, during the winter feeding period of 1983–1984, EW cows lost less weight than LW cows (−0.22 vs. −0.30 kg d−1) and, thus, weighed 27.3 kg more than LW cows after calving in 1984 (468.3 vs. 441.0 kg). Weaning treatment had no effect on pregnancy rate, calf crop percentage or calving interval. Weaning treatment also had no effect on cow weight and gain, calf birth date and weight, calving interval or calf preweaning gain the following year. Interactions between weaning treatment and breed, age of dam or sex of calf were absent for most weight and weight gain parameters and for calving intervals. Calf weights were affected by breed, age of dam and sex of calf while calf gains over the fall test were affected by age of dam. Cow weights were affected by breed and age, calf crop percentage by breed and calving interval by age. Breed, age of cow and sex of calf effects for all other parameters were not significant. Key words: Beef cattle, beef calves, early weaning, preconditioning

Addressing on-farm management to enhance pasture productivity and persistence

2013 ◽  
pp. 241-244
Author(s):  
W.N. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategies ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Stocking Rate ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Pasture Production ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
The North ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Attention To Detail

Following the 2007/08 drought, we experienced poor pasture production and persistence on our dairy farm in north Waikato, leading to decreased milksolids production and a greater reliance on bought-in feed. It is estimated that the cost of this to our farming operation was about $1300 per hectare per year in lost operating profit. While climate and black beetle were factors, they did not explain everything, and other factors were also involved. In the last 3 years we have changed our management strategies to better withstand dry summers, the catalyst for which was becoming the DairyNZ Pasture Improvement Focus Farm for the north Waikato. The major changes we made were to reduce stocking rate, actively manage pastures in summer to reduce over-grazing, and pay more attention to detail in our pasture renewal programme. To date the result has been a reduced need for pasture renewal, a lift in whole farm performance and increased profitability. Keywords: Focus farm, over-grazing, pasture management, pasture persistence, profitability

Pound Wise and Penny Foolish? Weight Loss and The Dynamics of Health Care Spending

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas G Koch
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Cost Savings ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Health Care Spending ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Dynamic Measures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Current estimates of obesity costs ignore the impact of future weight loss and gain, and may either over or underestimate economic consequences of weight loss. In light of this, I construct static and dynamic measures of medical costs associated with body mass index (BMI), to be balanced against the cost of one-time interventions. This study finds that ignoring the implications of weight loss and gain over time overstates the medical-cost savings of such interventions by an order of magnitude. When the relationship between spending and age is allowed to vary, weight-loss attempts appear to be cost-effective starting and ending with middle age. Some interventions recently proven to decrease weight may also be cost-effective.

Upgrading wheat straw with urea at a tropical temperature: effects of amount of urea and moisture on in vitro digestibility and pH

1996 ◽  
Vol 1996 ◽  
pp. 212-212
Author(s):  
I.U. Haq ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Urea Solution ◽  
In Vitro Digestibility ◽  
Ammonia Treatment ◽  
Urea Treatment ◽  
Cow Urine ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
On Farm

Urea-ammonia treatment of straws in the tropics involves mixing 1.0 kg of air dry straw with 1.0 kg of a 40 g/kg urea solution and storing under plastic for at least 4 weeks (Schiere and Ibrahim, 1989). The economics of treatment is dependent on the cost of urea. Treatment cost would reduce, if on-farm-produced urine, e.g. cow urine, could be used as a source of urea. However cow urine is dilute and may contain only 10 g/kg urea or less (Owen, 1993). The present study therefore investigated varying concentrations of urea solution for treating wheat straw at a tropical temperature.

scholarly journals Seasonal Index and Breeding Efficiency of Red Chittagong Cattle in Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
M. Ruhul Amin ◽  
Bhuiyan A.K.F.H ◽  
Habib M.A Habib ◽  
Khan M.A.S
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Behavior ◽  
Reproductive History ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Reproductive Pattern ◽  
Calving Interval ◽  
Age At First Calving ◽  
Breeding Efficiency ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Seasonal Index

The study was aimed to observe reproductive pattern and efficiency of Red Chittagong Cattle (RCC) including reproductive history taken from two different herds; nucleus herd (on-station) and community herd (on-farm) in Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. A total of 184 calving parity records from 66 RCC cows that included 317 estrous, 164 conception and 178 calving history covering a period from 2005 to 2011 were considered for analyses. The highest frequencies of estrous, conception and calving occurred in May (13%, 15% and 14%, respectively), while the lowest in September for estrous (4%) and conception (4%) and April and June for calving (5%). The month of the year had significant (p<0.001 to p<0.05) effect on both estrous and calving but not for conception (p>0.05). There was no significant effect of season with estrous or conception or calving, but numerically highest incidence of estrous and conception in summer (36% and 38%, respectively) and calving in winter (36%) are noted. The seasonal indexes of calving in the on-station and on-farm herds were 0.73 and 0.78 respectively, with an overall mean of 0.68. The breeding or reproductive efficiency of the nucleus herd was estimated based on calving interval and age at first calving along with calving interval and the calculated results were 79 % and 82%, respectively for those two methods of estimation. The result obtained in this study indicates the reproductive behavior of RCC did not differ significantly by season, but varied with month of the year. In addition, reproductive efficiency of RCC in this study was slightly lower than that of expected.

Who Pays for Skills?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terence Hogarth ◽  
Lynn Gambin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Education And Training ◽  
The State ◽  
National Economic ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Investments In Education ◽  
And Training

Debates about the need to increase investments in education and training in order to improve overall national economic performance quickly result in deliberations about who should pay for those investments. If it is the individual or the employer who are the principal beneficiaries, then there is an expectation that they should share the cost of the investment proportionate to the benefit they obtain. There are, however, a number of barriers which prevent employers and individuals making optimum levels of investment which inevitably means that the State needs to step into the breach. This chapter addresses what economics has to say about who should make the investment in training and how various barriers to those investments being made can be overcome.

Improving the Cost Control System of Organizations Based on the Concept of Sustainable Development

Auditor ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 40-45
Author(s):  
Nataliya Kazakova ◽  
Lyudmila Permitina
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Control System ◽  
Production Process ◽  
Cost Control ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Control Optimization ◽  
Control Procedures ◽  
The Cost ◽  
On Farm

The article proposes the author’s two-level methodology of on-farm control based on the concept of sustainable development, which has practical significance and allows solving the problem of control, optimization of costs and production costs both at the pre-production stage and in the production process with an emphasis on control procedures for three types of costs: economic, environmental and social.

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