The influence of sodium supplementation of two phosphorus sources on performance and bone mineralization of growing-finishing swine evaluated at two geographical locations

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 537-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. T. Kornegay ◽  
M. D. Lindemann ◽  
H. S. Bartlett
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Sodium Phosphates ◽  
Mg Content ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Geographical Locations

Crossbred pigs (n = 144) were used at two geographical locations (mountain and coastal) to evaluate the effects of varied Na intake on growth performance, serum minerals and bone characteristics of growing-finishing swine (average initial body weight 24.5 kg) fed either defluorinated phosphate (DFP) which contained 5% Na or dicalcium phosphate (DCP) which contained < 0.1% Na. The six dietary treatments were DFP with 0, 0.07, 0.14 and 0.28% added Na and DCP with 0 and 0.14% added Na. The basal corn-soybean meal diet contained 0.01% Na, and the Cl content was held constant at 0.25% in all diets. Drinking water at the mountain location contained 4 mg L−1 Na and 194 mg L−1 Na at the coastal location. Growth performance did not differ among treatments, with the exception of pigs fed the DCP diet without added Na (total Na, 0.01%) at the mountain location which had depressed daily gain, daily feed intake and feed per gain compared with all other diets. When metacarpals (MC) and metatarsals (MT) taken from barrows at slaughter were examined on a body weight-corrected basis, Na intake and P source did not consistently influence bone dimensional and strength characteristics. Pigs fed the DCP diet without added Na at the mountain location had a lower Na and higher Mg content of MC and MT, and serum Na and Ca concentrations were reduced while serum P, Mg and K concentrations were unchanged. Varying Na intake did not influence bone strength and mineralization, and the Na in defluorinated phosphate and drinking water is readily available for growing pigs. Key words: Sodium, phosphates, bone mineralization, pigs

Response of growing pigs toPeniophora lycii- andEscherichia coli-derived phytases or varying ratios of calcium to total phosphorus

2006 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Adeola ◽  
O. A. Olukosi ◽  
J. A. Jendza ◽  
R. N. Dilger ◽  
M. R. Bedford
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
The Third ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to study the effects of phytase derived fromEscherichia coli(ECP) andPeniophora lycii(PLP) on performance, nutrient digestibility, and phosphorus (P) equivalency values of young pigs; and the influence of varying ratios of calcium (Ca) to total phosphorus (Ca:tP) with or without ECP on growth performance of pigs. In each experiment, 48 10-kg pigs were housed in individual pens for 28 days. Experiment 1 was designed to study the efficacy of ECP and PLP in improving growth performance and bone mineralization of young pigs given a low inorganic P (iP) diet. In the experiment, pigs were blocked by weight and sex and randomly allocated to eight dietary treatments. Each treatment had six replicates. The treatments were a positive control with adequate iP (PC); a low iP negative control (NC) diet; NC with supplemental iP in the form of monosodium phosphate added to provide 0·75 or 1·50 g iP per kg diet (as-fed basis); NC with ECP or PLP added at 500 or 1000 FTU per kg (as-fed basis; one phytase unit or FTU is defined as the quantity of enzyme required to liberate 1 μmol of iP per min, at pH 5·5, from an excess of 15 μmol/l sodium phytate at 37°C). In experiment 2, the objective was to study the effect of varying Ca:tP ratio with or without ECP on growth performance of growing pigs. Pigs (eight replicates) were blocked by weight and sex and randomly assigned to six dietary treatments in a 3×2 factorial arrangement of Ca:tP ratios at 1·2, 1·5, or 1·8; and ECP at 0 or 1000 FTU per kg (as-fed basis). In experiment 1, ECP (P<0·001) and PLP (P<0·05) linearly increased daily gain. There was a positive linear (P<0·05) response to the supplementation of the NC diet with ECP or PLP in the mineralization of the third and fourth metacarpal bones. Phosphorus equivalency values for 500 FTU of ECP or PLP based on mineralization of the third metacarpal bone were 0·77 g or 0·572 g, respectively. There were linear (P<0·001) and quadratic (P<0·05) responses to ECP, and linear (P<0·01) response to PLP in P digestibility. Neither iP supplementation nor either of the two phytases had significant effects on digestibility of dry matter, protein or energy. In experiment 2, reducing Ca:tP ratio linearly improved (P<0·05) daily gain, food intake, and food efficiency in pigs regardless of phytase supplementation. There was an enzyme by Ca:tP interaction on food intake. These studies in young pigs showed that ECP and PLP were efficacious in improving the growth performance and bone mineralization and that reducing the Ca:tP ratio enhanced performance response to phytase supplementation.

scholarly journals PSVII-25 Intra-Farm Variability: Growing pigs have different SID Lys:NE requirements depending on their BW category

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 355-356
Author(s):  
Pau Aymerich ◽  
Carme Soldevila ◽  
Jordi Bonet ◽  
Josep Gasa ◽  
Jaume Coma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Break Point ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
Break Points ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Crossbred Pigs

Abstract The objective of this experiment was to determine if pigs with different initial body weight within the same farm batch have different SID Lys:NE requirements. In the trial 1,170 growing crossbred pigs were distributed in 90 pens (13 pigs/pen) and split in three initial BW categories: Large, Medium and Small (32.1 ± 2.8, 27.5 ± 2.3 and 23.4 ± 2.9 kg, respectively). Each pen was randomly assigned by BW to one of the SID Lys:NE levels (3.25, 3.66, 4.07, 4.47 and 4.88 g SID Lys/Mcal NE), with 6 replicates per dietary treatment. All diets were isoenergetic (2460 kcal NE/kg), and CP ranged from 14.50 to 17.50 %. The dietary treatments were fed for 26 days. Statistical analysis to determine the effect of SID Lys:NE was performed using the GLM procedure of SAS with linear and quadratic polynomial contrasts. In addition, broken-line linear models were fit with the NLIN procedure of SAS to determine the break-point to maximize ADG or minimize FCR for all categories together or independently. The ADG break-point for all pigs was determined at 3.89 g SID Lys/Mcal NE. However, when analyzed by categories, the break-point was 3.86, 4.07 and 4.76 g SID Lys/Mcal NE for large, medium and small pigs respectively. The general break-point for FCR was determined at 4.25 g SID Lys/Mcal NE. By BW categories the different break points determined were: 4.27, 4.15 and 4.59 g SID Lys/Mcal NE for large, medium and small pigs, respectively. In conclusion, the estimated requirement to maximize ADG and optimize FCR via broken-line models is higher for small pigs than large or medium. Therefore, pigs within the same farm batch should be differentially fed in relation to the SID Lys:NE ratio.

474 Comparison Between Copper Sulfate and Dicopper Oxide on Body Weight and Copper Accumulation on Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
Laia Blavi ◽  
David Solà-Oriol ◽  
Alessandra Monteiro ◽  
José Francisco Perez ◽  
Hans-Henrik H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Copper Accumulation ◽  
Cu Accumulation ◽  
Bone Ash ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Abstract There are several Cu sources in the market that have different effects on pigs. We hypothesized that supplementing therapeutic doses of Cu(I)oxide (Cu2O) in diets for growing pigs improves body weight (BW), bone mineralization, and reduces Cu accumulation in liver than supplementing pigs with Cu sulfate (CuSO4). Two-hundred growing pigs (initial BW: 11.5 ± 0.98 kg) were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments included the negative control (NC) diet without Cu supplementation, and 4 diets in which 125 or 250 mg/kg of Cu from CuSO4 or Cu2O were added to the NC diet. The experiment was divided into 4 phases. Pig weights were recorded on d 1 and at the end of each phase. Eight pigs per treatment were sacrificed last d of phases 1 and 4 to obtain samples of liver, spleen, and the right metacarpal. Pigs fed diets containing 250 mg/kg of Cu2O had greater (P &lt; 0.05) BW at the end of phases 1 and 2 than pigs fed the NC diet, and tended (P &lt; 0.10) to have greater BW at the end of phases 3 and 4 than pigs fed the other diets. Copper accumulation in liver and spleen increased with Cu dose, but at the end of phase 1, pigs fed 250 mg/kg CuSO4 had greater (P &lt; 0.05) Cu concentration in liver and spleen than pigs fed 250 mg/kg Cu2O. Pigs fed diets containing 250 mg/kg Cu2O had greater (P &lt; 0.05) quantities of bone ash and greater (P &lt; 0.05) concentrations of Ca, P, and Cu in bone ash than pigs fed the NC diets or diets containing CuSO4. Therefore, supplementing diets for growing pigs with therapeutic doses of Cu2O improves BW and bone mineralization with less Cu accumulation in liver compared with pigs fed diets containing CuSO4.

PSIV-10 The Effect of a Dacitic (rhyolitic) Tuff Breccia, a Hydrated Sodium Calcium Aluminosilicate (HSCAS), Inclusion in Corn-soybean Meal Diets on Growth Performance of Individually Housed Grower Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 178-178
Author(s):  
Tyler B Chevalier ◽  
Jon Ferrel ◽  
Merlin D Lindemann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Calcium Aluminosilicate ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Crossbred Pigs ◽  
Tuff Breccia

Abstract Crossbred pigs (24 barrows and 24 gilts; BW 35.59±0.24 kg) were blocked by body weight, sex, and allotted in a randomized complete block design to 3 dietary treatments: 1) Control [CON], 2) CON+0.25%, and 3) CON+0.50% inclusion of a dacitic tuff breccia (DTB) to evaluate effects on growth performance. Diets were formulated to meet or exceed NRC (2012) requirement estimates and fed for 2 phases (d0-14=PHS_1 and d14-28=PHS_2). Diets were limit fed based on metabolic body weight (3.5 x maintenance ME needs [3.5 × 106 Kcal ME/kg BW0.75]). Pigs were weighed weekly and feed allowance adjusted accordingly. In PHS_1, a tendency for a sex difference, gilt vs. barrow, respectively, for ADG (4.92%; 0.913 vs. 0.870 kg; P=0.10) and G:F (4.14%; 0.528 vs. 0.507; P=0.06) existed. The responses to treatments 1–3, respectively, for ADG (0.877, 0.900, and 0.896 kg; linear P=0.54) and G:F (0.510, 0.522, 0.521; linear P=0.46) were numerically greater. In PHS_2, sex differences, gilt vs. barrow, respectively, for ADG (5.67%; 0.946 vs. 0.895 kg; P=0.05) and G:F (7.98%; 0.460 vs. 0.426; P&lt; 0.01) existed. The numerical responses to treatments 1–3, respectively, for ADG (0.912, 0.944 and 0.905 kg; P=0.41) and G:F (0.439, 0.446, 0.444; linear P=0.70) continued. A tendency for a quadratic response in ADFI (P=0.06) existed because feed allowance increased with increasing weekly BW for treatments 2 and 3. Overall, sex differences, gilt vs. barrow, respectively, for ADG (5.30%; 0.929 vs. 0.882 kg; P&lt; 0.05) and G:F (6.23%; 0.491 vs. 0.462; P&lt; 0.01) occurred. Numerical responses to treatments 1–3, respectively, for ADG (0.895, 0.921 and 0.900 kg, P=0.32) and G:F (0.471, 0.480, 0.479; linear P=0.50) occurred. Additionally, the response to DTB appeared to be higher in barrows.

scholarly journals Effects of Defatted Rice Bran Inclusion Level on Nutrient Digestibility and Growth Performance of Different Body Weight Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1374
Author(s):  
Bingbing Huang ◽  
Huangwei Shi ◽  
Li Wang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Zhiqian Lyu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defatted Rice Bran ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Stage 1

This study was conducted to determine the effects of low-protein diet prepared with different levels of defatted rice bran (DFRB) and weight stages on growth performance and nutrient digestibility of growing–finishing pigs. The animal experiment included three stages. A total of 240 growing pigs with an initial body weight of 28.06 ± 8.56 kg for stage 1 were allocated to five diets including one control group and four DFRB diets supplemented with 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% DFRB, respectively. The 192 crossbred pigs with initial body weights of 55.03 ± 7.31 kg and 74.55 ± 9.10 kg were selected for stage 2 and stage 3, respectively. Pigs were allocated to four diets including one control group and three DFRB diets supplemented with 10%, 15% and 20% DFRB, respectively. The results showed that with the increase in DFEB intake, the gain: feed was linearly increased (p < 0.05), and the average daily feed intake tended to linearly decrease (p = 0.06) in stage 1. Except for the apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of acid detergent fiber (ADF) in stage 3, levels of DFRB had significant effects on the ATTD of gross energy (GE), dry matter (DM), ash, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADF in three weight stages. In stage 1, with the increase in levels of DFRB, the ATTD of NDF and hemicellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 2, with the increasing levels of DFRB, the ATTD of DM, ash and cellulose were firstly increased and then decreased (p < 0.01). In stage 3, the ATTD of GE, DM, ash, NDF and hemicellulose decreased linearly with the increase in levels of DFRB (p < 0.01). Collectively, DFRB could be used as a replacement for corns and soybean meal, and weight stage is important to consider when adjusting the additive proportion.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary β-Mannanase Supplementation on Growth Performance, Apparent Total Tract Digestibility, Intestinal Integrity, and Immune Responses in Weaning Pigs

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Jae-Cheol Jang ◽  
Kwang Kim ◽  
Young Jang ◽  
Yoo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Weaning Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of dietary β-mannanase supplementation on growth performance, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients, intestinal integrity, and the immunological and oxidative stress parameters in weaning pigs. A total of 64 newly weaning pigs (initial body weight: 6.96 ± 0.70 kg) were allotted to two dietary treatments in eight replicates per treatment with four pigs per pen based on body weight and sex. Dietary treatments were 1.) CON (control: corn-soybean meal based basal diet) and 2.) β-mannanase (basal diet +0.06% β-mannanase). The β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, concentrations of acute phase protein, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. However, the pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet had greater ATTD of ether extract, jejunum villus height, and villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, and lower crypt depth compared with those fed the CON diet (p < 0.05). The pigs fed the β-mannanase-supplemented diet tended to have the lower count of E. coli in cecum than those fed the CON diet (p = 0.08). In conclusion, dietary β-mannanase supplementation did not affect growth performance, immune response and oxidative stress of weaning pigs, whereas it increased fat digestibility and had positive effects on intestinal integrity and cecum microflora by reducing the count of E.coli.

scholarly journals Effects of Substitution of Corn with Ground Brown Rice on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, and Gut Microbiota of Growing-Finishing Pigs

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
Sheena Kim ◽  
Jin Ho Cho ◽  
Younghoon Kim ◽  
Hyeun Bum Kim ◽  
Minho Song
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Brown Rice ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Dietary Treatments

The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing corn with brown rice on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, carcass characteristics, and gut microbiota of growing and finishing pigs. A total of 100 growing pigs (23.80 ± 2.96 kg BW; 10 weeks of age) were randomly allotted to 4 dietary treatments (5 pigs/pen; 5 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (block = BW) as follows: corn-soybean meal basal diet (CON) and replacing corn with 50% (GBR50), 75% (GBR75), and 100% (GBR100) of ground brown rice. Each trial phase was for 6 weeks. During the growing period, there were no differences on growth performance and nutrient digestibility among dietary treatments. Similarly, no differences were found on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and carcass characteristics of pigs during the finishing period among dietary treatments. As a result of the beta diversity analysis, microbial populations were not clustered between CON and GBR100 during the growing phase, but clustered into two distinct groups of CON and GBR100 during the finishing phase. In conclusion, brown rice can be added to the diets of growing-finishing pigs by replacing corn up to 100% without negatively affecting growth performance of the pigs; additionally, this may have an effect on changes in pig intestinal microbiota if continued for a long time.

PSV-20 The Effect of Black Pepper (Piperine) Extract Supplementation on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Fecal Microbial, Fecal Gas Emission, and Meat Quality of Finishing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 195-196
Author(s):  
Vetriselvi Sampath ◽  
Hyun Ju Park ◽  
Inho Kim ◽  
Huan Wang ◽  
Raihanul Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract The study was conducted to assess the effect of black pepper (BP) supplementation on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal gas emission, and meat quality of finishing pigs. A total of 180 crossbred [(Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc] finishing pigs with average initial body weight (BW) of 53.72 ± 1.42 kg were used in 10-week trial and allotted to 6 dietary treatments (6 replications pens/treatment with 5 pigs per pen). The dietary treatments were: CON (basal diet), TRT1- CON + 0.025% BP, TRT2- CON + 0.05% BP, TRT3- CON + 0.1% BP, TRT4- CON + 0.2% BP, TRT5- CON + 0.4% BP. A linear increase (P = 0.0380, 0.0061) in body weight gain (BWG) and average daily gain (ADG) were observed respectively, during the overall trial in pigs fed BP supplemented diet compared to control. The dietary supplementation of BP showed a linear increase (P=0.0065) in gain and feed ratio (G: F) at week 10. However, there were no significant results observed on average daily feed intake (ADFI) during the overall experiment. The total tract digestibility of dry matter (DM) was linearly improved (P=0.0531) in BP treatment groups compared to control. In addition, BP diet supplementation had linearly increased fecal Lactobacillus counts (P=0.0482) and decreased E. coli counts (P=0.0306) in pigs at week 10. Furthermore, NH3, methyl mercaptans, and acetic acid was linearly decreased (P=0.0227, 0.0555,0.0541) in pigs fed BP supplementation compare to control. The inclusion of BP supplementation in pigs diet had linearly increased (P=0.0146) the backfat thickness at week 10. Thus, we concluded that BP supplementation had positively enhanced the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, fecal microbial, fecal gas emission, and meat quality of finishing pigs.

62 Growth Performance and Mineral Status of 6 Kg Piglets Fed Reduced Levels of Dietary Calcium

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 42-42
Author(s):  
Laura A Merriman ◽  
Craig Wyatt ◽  
Marie-Pierre Létourneau-Montminy ◽  
Xaviere Rousseau ◽  
Dan Bussières
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Plasma Parameters ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Imbalances between calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) impair growth performance and bone mineralization. However, reducing dietary limestone may change the buffering capacity of feed in early nursery piglets, which may help prevent post-weaning diarrhea. An experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of reducing Ca post weaning compared to recommendations outlined by NRC (2012) or a low P diet. Dietary treatments consisted of 1) Low Ca (LCa; Phase 1, 0.51% Ca and 0.47% STTD P), 2) NRC recommendations (NRC; Phase 1, 0.85% Ca and 0.42% STTD P), and 3) a recommendation lower in phosphorus (LP; Phase 1, 0.65% Ca and 0.36% STTD P). Each diet was fed over 4 phases. Piglets (n = 953; 276/275 Fast X PIC 800 genetics) were blocked by room, sex, and initial BW (6 kg). Feed intake and pig weights were recorded weekly. At 12 d and 41 d, blood was collected and Dual-X ray (DXA) measurements were taken using 8 piglets per treatment. Fecal scores were evaluated during wk 4 and 5. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS (SAS Inst. Inc., Cary, NC). There were no differences observed in mortality, overall growth performance, plasma Ca and P, and scour scores at either time point. At 12 d, the bone mineral content was reduced (P = 0.001) in LP pigs compared to LCa and NRC. At 41 d, bone mineral content was reduced in NRC in comparison to LCa while LP was intermediate (P = 0.001). Plasma parameters showed an increased magnesium (Mg) and Ca:Mg in LCa (P &lt; 0.01) that can be related to bone resorption to face Ca hypocalcemia. Pigs were healthy with no enteric challenges, limiting the ability to observe a benefit in fecal scores. In conclusion, piglets can maintain growth and bone mineralization through a short-term limestone removal program.

scholarly journals Effect of extruded full-fat soybeans on performance, amino acids digestibility, trypsin activity, and intestinal morphology in broilers

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 10) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Foltyn ◽  
V. Rada ◽  
M. Lichovníková ◽  
I. Šafařík ◽  
A. Lohniský ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Trypsin Activity ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Different Levels

The influence of different levels of extruded full-fat soybean (EFFSB) in the diet on growth performance, apparent ileal amino acids digestibility (AIAAD), intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in digesta of broilers was determined. In the first experiment, two-hundred sixty ROSS 308 male chickens were used to investigate the effect of EFFSB on growth performance, intestinal morphology, and trypsin activity in the digesta and AIAAD. Five dietary treatments were used, containing 0, 40, 80, 120, and 160 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. The inclusion of EFFSB at the level of 160 g/kg in the diet significantly (P &lt; 0.05) decreased final body weight (2443 g in 0 group vs. 2093 in 160 group) and worsened feed efficiency. AIAAD was lower when diet contained more than 40 g/kg EFFSB. But at the level of 160 g/kg AIAAD increased in several amino acids (threonine, isoleucine, leucine, histidine). Trypsin activity increased with increasing EFFSB in the diets. There were no significant (P &gt; 0.05) differences in AIAAD between groups 80, 120, and 160. Villus height (groups 0: 966.2; 4: 852.1; 8: 792.6; 12: 836.3; 16: 926.7 &micro;m) and crypt depth (groups&nbsp;0: 160.1; 4: 134.8; 8: 122.9; 12: 129.5; 16: 134.6 &micro;m) of ileum decreased with inclusion of EFFSB in the diet, but villi/crypt ratio increased. In the second experiment, male chickens ROSS 308 were divided into 4&nbsp;groups with 2 replicates per 100 chicks each. The groups were fed 0, 40, 80, and 120 g/kg of EFFSB. The experiment lasted from day 10 till day 38 of age. Final body weight (2594 g in 0 group vs. 2624 g in 120 group) was not significantly (P &gt; 0.05) affected by the diet. The study showed that EFFSB at the level of 120 g/kg in grower broiler diet had no adverse effect on performance. &nbsp;

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document