scholarly journals Biological value of crude protein for sheep fed timothy hay

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 855-860
Author(s):  
R. Hironaka ◽  
C. B. Bailey ◽  
L. M. Rode ◽  
G. B. Schaalje
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Balance ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Balance Trials ◽  
Single Variety

Protein balance trials with four sheep were conducted with mixtures of a single variety of grass hay containing 4.36–14.46% CP (N × 6.25). The data were used to calculate the minimum urinary CP excretion and the biological value of the ingested CP. Minimum daily urinary CP excretion was 1.08 g BW−0.75. Biological value was calculated to be 0.70 at a dietary CP content of 6.79%. Key words: Biological value, protein, sheep, timothy, hay

CORRELATION COEFFICIENTS BETWEEN NUTRIENTS IN FORAGES

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-253
Author(s):  
H. F. HINTZ ◽  
H. F. SCHRYVER ◽  
J. WILLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The Other ◽  
Simple Correlation ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Hay

Simple correlation coefficients between all possible combinations of Ca, P, crude protein and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were calculated from the analyses of 82 legume, 102 mixed, mostly legume, 143 mixed, mostly grass, and 101 grass hay samples. The correlation coefficients were different from zero (P < 0.01) for all combinations except for Ca and P in legume hay and in mixed, mostly legume hay and for Ca and ADF, and P and ADF in legume hay. However, it was concluded that predictions of the contents of crude protein, Ca, P, or ADF in hay from the contents of any of the other three nutrients could be misleading. Key words: Forage, calcium, grass, legume, phosphorus, protein

171 Effects of Dietary Valine, Isoleucine, and Tryptophan Supplementations to Diets Containing Excess Leucine on Nitrogen Balance of Growing Pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Woongbi Bi Kwon ◽  
Jose A Soto ◽  
Hans H Stein
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Initial Body Weight ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Main Effects

Abstract An experiment was conducted to test the hypothesis that increasing concentrations of dietary Val, Ile, or Trp alone or in combination will alleviate negative effects of excess dietary Leu on N balance of growing pigs. Seventy-two barrows (initial body weight: 33.9 ± 2.6 kg) were housed in metabolism crates and randomly assigned to 1 of 8 diets and 3 blocks with 3 pigs per diet in each block in a 12-d experiment. Treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial with the main effects of L-Val (0 or 0.1%), L-Ile (0 or 0.1%), and L-Trp (0 or 0.05%) that were added to a basal diet containing corn and a high-protein corn product (48% crude protein; 5.9% Leu). The basal diet contained 1.00 % standardized ileal digestible (SID) Lys and 171% SID Leu:Lys. Data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS with concentrations of Val, Ile, and Trp, and all interactions as main effects and replicate as a random effect. No 3-way interactions were observed (Table 1). Results indicated that fecal N output increased if Ile was added to diets without added Val, but that was not the case if Val was added (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). Addition of Ile to diets reduced N retention, but N retention increased with Trp addition to diets without Val addition, but not if Trp was added to diets with added Val (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). The biological value of protein increased if Trp was added to diets without addition of Ile, but if Ile was added, Trp addition did not increase the biological value of protein (interaction, P &lt; 0.05). In conclusion, adding Ile to a diet with excess Leu reduced N retention, but if Trp was added alone or in combination with Ile or Val, N retention increased.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VARYING CONCENTRATE: GRASS HAY RATIOS ON FEED INTAKE AND NUTRIENT DIGESTIBILITY BY GROWING WEST AFRICAN FOREST SHEEP

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-66
Author(s):  
I. O. A. Adeleye ◽  
U. J. Ikhatua
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
West African ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Gross Energy

Twelve ram lambs of the West African Forest type of between 15.7 and 24.6 kg were divided into four groups of 3 animals each. A group was assigned to one of four diets consisting of the following concentrate: grass hay ratios - 20 : 80 (A), 40 : 60 (B), 60 : 40 (C) and 80 : 20 (D). Feed intake, nutrient digestibilities and efficiency of feed utilization were measured. As the level of concentrate increased, the contents of crude protein ether extract, nitrogen-free extract (NFE) and gross energy of the diets increased, while the crude fibre and ash contents decreased almost linearly. Voluntary feed intake increased with increasing levels of concentrate, with diet C having a significantly higher (P 0.01) Relative Intake (RI) value than the other diets. Both the Nutritive Value Index (NVI) and Digestible Energy (DE) intake values were significantly higher (P. 0.01) in diets C and D than the other diets. Generally, the digestion coefficients for the gross energy, crude protein, crude fibre and nitrogen free extract increased with increasing levels of concentrate, the values being significantly higher (P 0.01) in diets C and D, while diet A showed a significantly lower (P 0.05) dry matter digestion coefficient value when compared with either diets. Although a similar trend was observed in the digestion coefficient for ether extract, the differences were not significant (P 0.05). With the exception of animals on diet C which had the highest daily weight gains, average daily weight gains and efficiency of feed utilization increased with successive substitution of concentrate for grass hay.

scholarly journals Influence of knolkhol on quality characteristics of chicken meat balls

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2221-2227
Author(s):  
Ifrah Khursheed ◽  
Julie Dogra Bandral ◽  
Monika Sood ◽  
Naseer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Emulsion Stability ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Poultry Meat ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Energy Dense Food

Poultry meat is a major source of high biological value protein. The incorporation of fiber in meat helps to enhance its nutritive value with added health benefits that demonstrates a relationship between a diet containing an excess of energy- dense food rich in fats and sugar and the emergence of a range of chronic disease and several others. While studying the effect of fiber incorporation on the functional parameters it was observed that cooking yield (%) and emulsion stability (%) significantly decreased and the values were 91.94 % and 91.13 % in control and 87.28 % and 87.01 % in case of T7 (18% KnolKhol powder). The physico chemical analysis revealed that with addition of Knolkhol powder (3%) level, the pH decreased from 6.31 to 6.26, TBARS from 0.39 to 0.33 (mg malonaldehyde /Kg), ash content from 2.60 to 2.52 % crude protein 17.15 to 17.10 %, whereas moisture increased from 66.06 to 67.11 %, crude fiber from 0.58 to 0.65 %. Coliform were not evident in the stored samples up to 30 days of storage, however psychrophyll count was found after 30 days of storage. The total psychrophillic count in control samples was 0.36 (log cfu/g) which increased to 0.81 (log cfu/g) with addition of 25% Sweet Corn paste.

EVALUATION WITH RATS OF YEAST (Candida utilis) AND GARBAGE SWILL PROTEIN

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MAYLIN ◽  
A. CERVANTES ◽  
R. BEAMES
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Candida Utilis ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
Biological Value ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Net Protein ◽  
True Protein Digestibility

True protein digestibility and biological value of three sources of protein used in the feeding of pigs in Cuba were measured with rats. The sources were dried yeast (Candida utilis), cream yeast (C. utilis), and autoclaved garbage swill. The true protein digestibility of swill (84.4%) was similar to that of dried yeast. However, the true protein digestibility of cream yeast (96.3%) was significantly higher. Biological values of swill, dried yeast and cream yeast were 79.7, 72.3 and 76.6%, respectively, to produce respective net protein utilization (true protein digestibility × biological value) values of 67.4, 61.4 and 73.8%. The results support the present policy in Cuba of feeding yeast in the undried form. Key words: Rats, yeast, garbage, protein evaluation

The influence of dietary monensin and salinomycin on growth and endocrine status of gilts

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Van Lunen ◽  
R. N. Kirkwood ◽  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Diet ◽  
Serum Growth Hormone ◽  
Endocrine Status ◽  
Effect Of Treatment

Seventy-two gilts were fed a 16% crude protein diet supplemented with monensin, salinomycin or not supplemented. There was no effect of treatment on gilt growth between 30 and 100 kg body weight. Monensin-fed gilts tended to have increased, while salinomycin-fed gilts had decreased (P < 0.01), serum growth hormone concentrations. Salinomycin-fed gilts were older and heavier at puberty (P < 0.05). Key words: Monensin, salinomycin, gilts, growth, reproduction

CARCASS COMPOSITION OF STEERS GIVEN HAY, HAY SUPPLEMENTED WITH RUMINAL UNDEGRADABLE PROTEIN, OR CONCENTRATE

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 905-909 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. B. BAILEY
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Rumen Undegradable Protein ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Holstein steers (10 per group) were given either 85% grass hay and 15% concentrate (group 1), the same diet with added rumen undegradable protein to raise the overall protein level from 120 to 130 g kg−1 (group 2), or 85% concentrate and 15% grass hay (group 3) until they were slaughtered at 500 kg. Extractable fat in separable muscle was greatest for steers in group 3, least for steers in group 2, and intermediate for those in group 1. Loin-eye area was less for steers in groups 1 and 2 than for those in group 3. Carcasses were a larger proportion of empty liveweight in steers in group 3 than in those in groups 1 and 2 due primarily to increased adipose tissue in the front quarter. In comparison with steers on a mainly hay diet, a hay diet supplemented with rumen undegradable protein did not affect the composition of the carcass although it increased the rate of gain from weaning to slaughter. Key words: Carcass, composition, nondegradable, protein, steer

Effect of adding lignosulfonate and heat to canola screenings on ruminal and intestinal disappearance of dry matter and crude protein

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marina A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
E. Weurding ◽  
Mary Lou Swift ◽  
C. F. Wright ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
Lower Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Heat Treated

The effect of adding 5% calcium lignosulfonate (LSO3) and heat to canola screenings on in situ ruminal and intestinal dry matter (DM) and crude protein (CP) disappearance in Holstein cows was investigated. Treatments consisted of untreated canola screenings, canola screenings that had been heated to 100 °C for 30 or 60 min and canola screenings that had 5% (wt wt−1) LSO3 added and were subsequently heated at 100 °C for 0, 30 or 60 min. Results indicate that treatment of canola screenings with 5% LSO3 and heated to 100 °C for 60 min was effective in reducing rumen degradation of DM and CP with a corresponding increase in disappearance in the lower gastrointestinal tract when compared to untreated and heat-treated canola screenings. Key words: Canola screenings, rumen by-pass protein, heat treatment, lignosulfonate

Feeding value of immature safflower forage for dry ewes

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Stanford ◽  
G. L. Wallins ◽  
B. M. Lees ◽  
H. -H. Mündel
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
In Situ Study ◽  
Grass Hay ◽  
Feeding Value

An in situ study compared mature, frost-damaged safflower to full-bloom safflower and mid-bloom alfalfa-grass hay, with the full-bloom safflower and alfalfa-grass hay also used in a ewe (n = 40) feeding study. Feed refusals were higher (P < 0.05) for ewes fed the safflower, but feed conversion efficiency was improved (P < 0.05) for the safflower-fed sheep. Ewes were bred shortly after the 9-wk feeding trial and the proportion of ewes lambing was higher (P < 0.05) in the safflower-fed ewes. Sheep were able to utilise the safflower forage as thorough chewing of spines likely prevented mouth ulceration and the ewes selectively consumed the most nutrient-dense parts of the forage. Key words: Safflower forage, sheep, fertility

Nutritional evaluation of very low glucosinolate canola meal

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 497-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Bell ◽  
M. O. Keith ◽  
D. S. Hutcheson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Nutritional Evaluation ◽  
Protein Supplements ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Ad Libitum

Two very low glucosinolate (VLG) canola meals from crop years 1987 and 1988 (CM; 1.66 and 0.53 μmol g−1) and two Tobin CM (B. campestris) (10.71 and 15.62 μmol g−1) were evaluated in experiments with pigs. In exp. 1, 1987 Tobin CM, VLG-CM and soybean meal (SBM) were compared in individually fed meal and pelleted diets. Daily gains from 23 to 57 kg were similar for the CMs (VLG-CM 662 g, Tobin CM 645 g) but lower than those obtained with SBM (730 g; P < 0.01). Daily feed intakes of pigs fed CM were lower than for those fed SBM (P < 0.05). Plasma thyroxine (T4) levels were similar for SBM and VLG-CM and were above those from pigs fed Tobin (P < 0.05) CM. Triiodothyronine (T3) levels were lower for VLG-CM than for SBM (P < 0.05) and the T3 value for Tobin CM was intermediate. Pelleting enhanced T3 (0.70 vs 0.94 ng mL−1) and T4 (50 vs. 60 ng mL−1) levels with all protein supplements (P < 0.01). In exp. 2, similar diets were fed ad libitum. Daily gains for SBM were greater than for Tobin CM (803 vs. 744, P < 0.05) and gains for pigs fed VLG-CM was 774 g. Daily feed intakes were similar (2.01, 1.99 and 1.92 kg). In exp. 3 energy digestibility of 1987 VLG-CM was greater (P < 0.01) than for Tobin CM (75.0 vs 67.4% for 30-kg pigs). Apparent digestibility coefficients of crude protein (CP) were 71.9, 71.2 and 71.6 in 16% CP diets. In exp. 4 Tobin and VLG-CMs from 1987 and 1988 crops were compared with SBM and commercial CM using 96 pigs (48M, 48F). Daily gains and feed intakes were similar for the CMs but T3 and T4 values were below those of SBM (P < 0.05). Key words: Canola meal, very low glucosinolate, digestibility, feeding value, pigs

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