Herring silage as a protein supplement for young cattle

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1187-1196 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. G. Nicholson ◽  
D. A. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Potassium Sorbate ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Young Cattle ◽  
True Protein

Fish silage made by grinding herring and adding formic acid, β-hydroxytoluene and potassium sorbate was evaluated as a protein supplement for young cattle. Only about 15% of the crude protein in the herring silage was true protein. Ammonia N accounted for 8% of the crude protein and most of the rest was peptides and free amino acids. The crude protein of herring silage was as resistant as fish meal to deamination when fermented in rumen fluid, and more resistant than soybean or casein. The herring silage was readily accepted by Holstein heifers fed hay or grass–legume silage with potatoes (7 kg d−1) and a supplement (1.5 kg d−1). Feed intake and weight gain were similar when the heifers were fed hay with either soybean meal or herring silage but were higher when forage silage replaced the hay. Rumen fluid NH3-N and blood urea levels were normal, even for cattle fed the high non-protein N diet of forage silage with herring silage. The herring silage depressed rumen fluid acetate levels and increased propionate in the heifers fed hay + potatoes, probably because of the unsaturated fatty acids in the herring. Well-made herring silage was a suitable protein supplement for young cattle fed forage and potato diets. Key words: Herring silage, fish silage, potatoes, cattle, protein degradation

scholarly journals Performance of laying hens on diets containing Eurolysine bacterial protein or Pekilo protein

1982 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 271-278
Author(s):  
Matti Näsi
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Bacterial Protein ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Meal Protein ◽  
True Protein

The investigation was made to determine to what extent soybean meal and fish meal protein in the diet of laying hens can be replaced by Eurolysine bacterial protein, a by-product of lysine fermentation, or with Pekilo protein. In a 24-week laying trial the inclusion levels of Eurolysine in the diet were 0-4.0- 7.9- 11.9 % and those of Pekilo 0-6.3- 12.7 - 18.0 %, or 0-33-66-100 % of the protein supplement. Eurolysine contained 68.5 % crude protein 53.5 % true protein and 6.9 % ether extract in DM and the corresponding values of Pekilo were 43.3 %, 38,8 % and 1.4 %. The average laying rates decreased with increasing inclusion of Eurolysine, and replacement of the protein supplement by Pekilo also lowered egg production, but the differences between the treatments were not significant (P > 0.05). Feed intakes were increased (P < 0.05) by inclusion of SCP. Feed conversion efficiency did not differ significantly among the treatments (P > 0.05). Mortality increased with inclusion of both types of SCP in the diets, but the principal cause of death was cannibalism.

scholarly journals Small nutrient molecules in fruit fuel efficient digestion and mutualism with plants in frugivorous bats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Andrea Moreno ◽  
Mariana Gelambi ◽  
Alejandro Biganzoli ◽  
Jesús Molinari
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Metabolic Costs ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Free Ranging

AbstractFrugivorous bats often possess short intestines, and digest rapidly. These characters are thought to be weight-saving adaptations for flight. The hypothesis that they limit digestive efficiency was tested by assaying glucose and protein in fecal samples of a free-ranging bat, and in fruit of its main food plant. To assure the correct calculation of digestive efficiencies, seeds were used as a mass marker for nutrients in fruit and feces. Glucose represents 32.86%, and protein 0.65%, of the nutrient content of fruit. Digestive efficiencies for these nutrients respectively are 92.46% and 84.44%, clearly negating the hypothesis for glucose. Few studies have quantified protein in fruit. Instead, “crude protein”, a dietary parameter solely based on nitrogen determinations, is used as a surrogate of protein content. This study shows that, for fruit consumed by bats, crude protein estimates typically are much greater than true protein values, implying that a large fraction of the crude protein reported in previous studies consists of free amino acids. The rapid digestion of frugivores has the potential to limit protein digestion, thus it may require free amino acids for efficient assimilation of nitrogen; therefore, the crude protein approach is inadequate for the fruit that they consume because it does not differentiate free amino acids from protein. Adding simple sugars and free amino acids, instead of protein, to fruit reduce metabolic costs for plants. Direct assimilation of these small nutrient molecules increases digestive and foraging efficiencies. Both factors contribute to the persistence of the mutualism between plants and frugivores, with community-wide repercussions.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy of conventional ingredients for the silver mojarra, Diapterus rhombeus

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 1655
Author(s):  
Francisco Oliveira de Magalhães Júnior ◽  
Ricardo Henrique Bastos de Souza ◽  
Érica Bevitório Passinato ◽  
Filipe Dos Santos Cipriano ◽  
Kauana Santos Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Corn Gluten ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Maize Meal

Knowledge on the nutritional value of feed ingredient is an important step in the formulation of diets in order to maximize animal productivity. Thus a study was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter (ADCDM), crude protein (ADCCP), gross energy (ADCGE) and amino acids (ADCAA) of conventional feed ingredients for juvenile silver mojarra (13.0 ± 3.23 g). The study was conducted in the laboratory for nutrition and feeding of fish (AQUANUT), using 80 silver mojarra collected in nature, which were kept in digestibility aquaria for a period of 21 days. The following ingredients were evaluated: fish meal, soybean meal, corn meal, corn gluten meal, rice bran, wheat bran and starch, which substituted 30% of a reference pelletized diet with 325.00 g kg-1 crude protein and 3,692 Kcal kg-1 gross energy. Additionally 1.0 g kg-1 chrome oxide was added to each diet as a marker. The excreta were obtained using three repetitions for each tested ingredient, which were dried for further analyses. The soybean meal showed the best ADCDM value (67.45%), followed by the other ingredients. There was no significant difference between the soybean meal (95.16%), fish meal (92.97%) and the corn meal (91.90%) for the best ADCCP coefficients. The ADCGE for soybean meal and maize meal were 65.23% and 60.31%, respectively, followed by fish meal (51.85%). The results demonstrate that silver mojarra can digest animal protein as well as that of vegetal origin. Silver mojarra can also efficiently digest and absorb some of the main amino acids of fish, such as lysine, methionine and threonine, from the same studied ingredients.

Studies on pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas. 2. Disappearance of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids from diets containing different protein sources

1980 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Alimon ◽  
DJ Farrell
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Peanut Meal ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Meat Meal

Quantitative estimates of disappearances of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids anterior to the mid-point and terminal ileumof the small intestine were made in pigs prepared with re-entrant cannulas and offered six diets containing wheat alone or supplemented with either meat meal, fish meal, peanut meal, soybean meal or sunflower meal. Apparent digestibilities of dietary dry matter and nitrogen were also estimated by faecal measurements. Disappearance of dry matter and nitrogen was greater anterior to the mid-point than at the end of the small intestine and the rectum. Amounts disappearing at each location and between the three locations differed significantly between protein sources. Up to 10% of dietary dry matter and nitrogen disappeared in the large intestine. For lysine, methionine, threonine and valine, absorption was greater anterior than posterior to the midpoint of the small intestine for all diets except that containing only wheat. Measurements made of the disappearance of amino acids anterior to the large intestine indicated that the apparent availability of the majority of ammo acids of peanut meal, followed by soybean meal, was greater than those of meat meal (52 % crude protein) and fish meal (50 % crude protein).

Nitrogenous components of human milk: non-protein nitrogen, true protein and free amino acids

2003 ◽  
Vol 81 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brunella Carratù ◽  
Concetta Boniglia ◽  
Francesco Scalise ◽  
Amalia Maria Ambruzzi ◽  
Elisabetta Sanzini
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
True Protein

scholarly journals Zur N-reduzierten Fütterung von Mastschweinen bei Einsatz freier Aminosäuren

2000 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-192
Author(s):  
H. Nonn ◽  
H. Jeroch
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Fattening Pigs

Abstract. Title of the Paper: Investigation on N-reduced feeding and use of free amino acids in fattening pigs The aim of the present study was to investigate the N-reduced feeding by fattening pigs feed by cereals rieh feedmixture supplemented with the free amino-acids L-lysine, DL-methionine, L-threonine, L-tryptophane, Lleucine, L-isoleucine, L-histidine and L-valine. It was to test extreme low crude protein content by requirement sufficient supply on amino-aeid. The reaction of the animals in growth, carcass quality and the reduction of Nexeretion was to investigate. The pigs were divided in two groups (control and experimental group) with 24 animals per group (12 females and 12 castrates). The experiment was divided into three periods (25–60, 60–85 and 85–110 kg body weight). The protein content of the feedmixture was by the control group 18.3, 15.6 and 13.6% and by the experimental group 14.0, 11.8 and 10.7%, respectively. The lysine-energy ratio of the feedmixture was by all three feeding periods by 0.72 or 0.74, 0.61 or 0.62 and 0.55 or 0.57 g lysine per MJ ME in control feedmixture or experimental feedmixture, respectively. By a high Performance are the average daily life weight gain (control group 869 and experimental group 863 g) and the lean meat rate (control group 55.2 and experimental group 55:0%) not influenced by the high of crude protein supply. The calculated N-excretion were by the control group 4.16 kg (as 100%) and by experimental group 2.60 kg (62.5%) per 100 kg body weight gain.

The value of feather meal as a protein supplement for growing pigs

1965 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Barber ◽  
R. Braude ◽  
A. G. Chamberlain ◽  
Zena D. Hosking ◽  
K. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Protein Supplement ◽  
Feather Meal ◽  
Feeding Trial ◽  
Total Crude Protein

SUMMARYThe results of a nitrogen balance experiment with growing pigs have shown that 5 % feather meal was inferior to 7 % white-fish meal, when both supplements supplied the same amount of total crude protein in a barleyweatings- minerals-vitamins ration.A comparative feeding trial in which white-fish meal was partially replaced by feather meal in the diets given to growing pigs gave inconclusive results.

Postprandial Changes of Free Amino Acids in the Rumen Fluid of Steers Fed with or without Monensin

1984 ◽  
Vol 48 (9) ◽  
pp. 2363-2366
Author(s):  
Mitsuto Matsumoto ◽  
Takeru Kobayashi ◽  
Hisao Itabashi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Rumen Fluid
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