EFFECT OF ADDED MONOCALCIUM PHOSPHATE MONOHYDRATE AND AERATION ON NITROGEN RETENTION BY LIQUID HOG MANURE

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 687-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. F. MACKENZIE ◽  
J. S. TOMAR
Keyword(s):  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Monocalcium Phosphate ◽  
Hog Manure ◽  
Sus Scrofa Domesticus

Retention of nitrogen in manure to be used for crop production and to reduce environmental pollution is an essential management component. The effects of monocalcium phosphate monohydrate (MCPM) and aeration on N retention in liquid hog (Sus scrofa domesticus) manure (LHM) were investigated under laboratory conditions. The manure received 0, 20 or 40 g of MCPM kg−1 of LHM (0, 250 or 500 g MCPM kg−1 manure solids) and was incubated over a 15-d period with and without aeration. Manure pH decreased with added MCPM and then remained constant, but pH increased with time when MCPM was not added. Losses of NH3 from hog manure were significantly reduced by added MCPM, but increased significantly with aeration where MCPM was not added to the manure. The NH4-N content of LHM was higher where MCPM was added to the manure. Conversely, the NH4-N content tended to decrease with aeration in the absence of MCPM. Total N content of LHM was significantly decreased where MCPM was not added to the manure. Aeration had no significant effect on total N. It was concluded that addition of MCPM can increase the NH4-N content of LHM by decreasing NH3-N losses through acidification of the manure. Key words: Aeration, Ca(H2PO4)2∙H2O, hog manure, pH reduction, NH3 loss

scholarly journals The interaction of seasonal rainfall and nitrogen fertiliser rate on soil N2O emission, total N loss and crop yield of dryland sorghum and sunflower grown on sub-tropical Vertosols

Soil Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 604 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Schwenke ◽  
B. M. Haigh
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
N2o Emission ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Impact

Summer crop production on slow-draining Vertosols in a sub-tropical climate has the potential for large emissions of soil nitrous oxide (N2O) from denitrification of applied nitrogen (N) fertiliser. While it is well established that applying N fertiliser will increase N2O emissions above background levels, previous research in temperate climates has shown that increasing N fertiliser rates can increase N2O emissions linearly, exponentially or not at all. Little such data exists for summer cropping in sub-tropical regions. In four field experiments at two locations across two summers, we assessed the impact of increasing N fertiliser rate on both soil N2O emissions and crop yield of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) or sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) in Vertosols of sub-tropical Australia. Rates of N fertiliser, applied as urea at sowing, included a nil application, an optimum N rate and a double-optimum rate. Daily N2O fluxes ranged from –3.8 to 2734g N2O-Nha–1day–1 and cumulative N2O emissions ranged from 96 to 6659g N2O-Nha–1 during crop growth. Emissions of N2O increased with increased N fertiliser rates at all experimental sites, but the rate of N loss was five times greater in wetter-than-average seasons than in drier conditions. For two of the four experiments, periods of intense rainfall resulted in N2O emission factors (EF, percent of applied N emitted) in the range of 1.2–3.2%. In contrast, the EFs for the two drier experiments were 0.41–0.56% with no effect of N fertiliser rate. Additional 15N mini-plots aimed to determine whether N fertiliser rate affected total N lost from the soil–plant system between sowing and harvest. Total 15N unaccounted was in the range of 28–45% of applied N and was presumed to be emitted as N2O+N2. At the drier site, the ratio of N2 (estimated by difference)to N2O (measured) lost was a constant 43%, whereas the ratio declined from 29% to 12% with increased N fertiliser rate for the wetter experiment. Choosing an N fertiliser rate aimed at optimum crop production mitigates potentially high environmental (N2O) and agronomic (N2+N2O) gaseous N losses from over-application, particularly in seasons with high intensity rainfall occurring soon after fertiliser application.

scholarly journals Feasibility of Nitrogen-Enriched Chars as Circular Fertilizers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riikka Keskinen ◽  
Johanna Nikama ◽  
Janne Kaseva ◽  
Kimmo Rasa
Keyword(s):  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Retention Capacity ◽  
Total N ◽  
Fertilizer Use ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Ammonium N ◽  
Practical Feasibility

Abstract Purpose Charred materials are low in bioavailable nitrogen (N) due to gaseous losses and the formation of recalcitrant structures during pyrolysis. Enriching chars with N from wastewaters offers a possibility to upgrade the agronomic value of the chars and manage the liquids. For assessing the practical feasibility of the approach, more information on the extent of the retention and release of the loaded N is needed. Methods The ammonium-N (NH4-N) retention capacity of chars derived from sewage sludge (SS_A-C), Salix wood (SA), broiler manure (BR) and coal (LG85) was determined via equilibrations in solutions containing 400, 1500 and 5000 mg NH4-N L−1. Plant availability of the loaded N in SS_C, SA and BR was studied in a pot experiment with ryegrass. Results Differences in the total N retention of moist chars were small. The amount of N retained increased with increase in the solution N and was at the highest 2–4 g NH4-N L−1 char. In four consecutive ryegrass harvests, the apparent N recoveries were 67, 47 and 34% for SA, BR and SS_C treatments. No slow release of N was observed. Conclusion Considering crop production, the amounts of N retained within the studied chars in bioavailable form were small. Chars with a higher N retention capacity would be needed for an efficient cascade from water purification to fertilizer use. Graphical Abstract

scholarly journals High Carbon Amendments Increase Nitrogen Retention in Soil After Slurry Application—an Incubation Study with Silty Loam Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyue Cao ◽  
Rüdiger Reichel ◽  
Holger Wissel ◽  
Sirgit Kummer ◽  
Nicolas Brüggemann
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
High Carbon ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Incubation Study ◽  
Loam Soil

AbstractExcess nitrogen (N) after animal slurry application is a persistent problem of intensive agriculture, with consequences such as environmental pollution by ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions and nitrate (NO3−) leaching. High-carbon organic soil amendments (HCAs) with a large C:N ratio have shown the potential of mitigating unintended N losses from soil. To reduce gaseous and leaching N losses after the application of slurry, a laboratory incubation study was conducted with silt loam soil. We tested the potential of three different types of HCA—wheat straw, sawdust, and leonardite (application rate 50 g C L−1 slurry for each of the three HCAs)—to mitigate N loss after amendment of soil with pig and cattle slurry using two common application modes (slurry and HCA mixed overnight with subsequent addition to soil vs. sequential addition) at an application rate equivalent to 80 kg N ha−1. Compared to the control with only soil and slurry, the addition of leonardite reduced the NH3 emissions of both slurries by 32–64%. Leonardite also reduced the total N2O emissions by 33–58%. Wheat straw reduced N2O emissions by 40–46%, but had no effect on NH3 emission. 15 N labeling showed that the application of leonardite was associated with the highest N retention in soil (24% average slurry N recovery), followed by wheat straw (20% average slurry N recovery). The mitigation of N loss was also observed for sawdust, although the effect was less consistent compared with leonardite and wheat straw. Mixing the slurry and HCA overnight tended to reduce N losses, although the effect was not consistent across all treatments. In conclusion, leonardite improved soil N retention more effectively than wheat straw and sawdust.

scholarly journals Nitrogen retention in the pig

1977 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Carr ◽  
K. N. Boorman ◽  
D. J. A. Cole
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Protein Utilization ◽  
N Retention ◽  
Protein Requirements ◽  
Gross Efficiency ◽  
N Utilization ◽  
Net Protein

1. Published results have been used to study the relationships between nitrogen retention (NR), body-weight (W) and N intake in the pig.2. The general decrease in maximal NR (g/d per kg W0.75) with increasing W (kg) was curvilinear for values of W from 1.5 to 45: NR = 3.324−0.098 W+0.001 W2; and rectilinear for values of W from 45 to 165: NR = 1.252−0.006 W. Values for protein requirements derived from these equations agreed closely with published estimates.3. The slopes of the curves for NR (g/d per kg W0.75) v. N intake (g/d) decreased as W (kg) increased from about 2.5 to 190. After extrapolation to a proposed common intercept on the NR axis of -150 mg N/d per kg W0.75, regression analysis of the intercepts of these curves on the N-intake axis v. W gave an estimate of N requirements for maintenance of 246±19 mg/d per kg W0.75.4. The results also indicated that at low N intakes net protein utilization (N retention+ total obligatory N losses ÷ N intake) was essentially independent of W, whereas the gross efficiency of N utilization (NR ÷ N intake) was influenced by both W and N intake.

scholarly journals Compensatory nitrogen retention in growing pigs following a period of N deprivation

1986 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bronwyn Tullis ◽  
C. T. Whittemore ◽  
Patricia Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
N Losses ◽  
Compensatory Response ◽  
Microbial Cells ◽  
N Retention ◽  
N Supply

1. Semi-synthetic diets, with dried microbial cells (Pruteen) as the nitrogen source, were used to measure N retention in 50 kg pigs given different combinations of N intake involving periods of deprivation and enhanced supply.2. Metabolic faecal N losses were 1.92 g/d (1.26 g/kg dry matter eaten) and endogenous urinary losses were 3.96 g/d for pigs given an N intake of 6.9 g/d.3. Compensatory N retention averaging 4.2 g extra N/d was observed in pigs given enhanced N supply by diets providing 31.0, 60.4 and 93.4 g N/d. In some instances enhanced N retention was maintained for 22 d.4. Pigs given enhanced N supply by extravagant N intake did not maintain the compensatory response which had been evident initially.

Nitrogen turnover and loss during storage of slurry and composting of solid manure under typical Vietnamese farming conditions

2010 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. TRAN ◽  
T. K. V. VU ◽  
S. G. SOMMER ◽  
L. S. JENSEN
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Plant Nutrients ◽  
Pig Manure ◽  
Pig Slurry ◽  
N Loss ◽  
N Losses ◽  
N Content ◽  
Total N ◽  
Available N ◽  
Slurry Storage

SUMMARYA high proportion of plant nutrients present in animal feed are excreted and therefore animal manure can be an important source of nitrogen (N) for crop production if losses of plant nutrients to the environment during storage and processing are minimized. The present study examines gaseous N losses from stored pig slurry and during composting of solid manure as affected by protein and fibre content in the feed and manure management. Two slurry storage treatments (with and without cover) and three additives to solid manure composting (straw only, straw+lime and straw+superphosphate) were examined for three common types of pig feed in Vietnam (low-protein high-fibre, medium-protein medium-fibre and high-protein low-fibre).Feed type was found to affect the N content in pig slurry or manure and thus potential N losses. The fraction of N loss caused by N emission from covered slurry storage was 0·25–0·30 of initial N content, while that from uncovered slurry was 0·60–0·70. After 90 days of storage, 1·15–1·20 times the initial ammonium-N (NH4-N) was found in the covered slurry and 0·40–0·50 in the uncovered. The fraction of N lost during composting with superphosphate was 0·25–0·35 of initial total N, while with lime or straw the total N loss was 0·45–0·55. With added superphosphate, 1·25–1·60 times the initial NH4-N in manure was found in the compost after 80 days compared with only 0·11–0·22 for lime and 0·22–0·36 for straw only. Covering stored slurry and addition of superphosphate when composting solid pig manure are thus important methods for Vietnamese farmers to minimize N losses and produce compost with a high content of plant-available N.

Impact of Nitrogen Management Practices on Total Nitrogen in the Fruits of High Productive Hamlin Orange Trees

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 498e-498
Author(s):  
S. Paramasivam ◽  
A.K. Alva
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Fine Sand ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Total N ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Leaf N Concentration ◽  
N Rates ◽  
Orange Trees

For perennial crop production conditions, major portion of nutrient removal from the soil-tree system is that in harvested fruits. Nitrogen in the fruits was calculated for 22-year-old `Hamlin' orange (Citrus sinensis) trees on Cleopatra mandarin (Citrus reticulata) rootstock, grown in a Tavares fine sand (hyperthermic, uncoated, Typic Quartzipsamments) that received various N rates (112, 168, 224, and 280 kg N/ha per year) as either i) broadcast of dry granular form (DGF; four applications/year), or ii) fertigation (FRT; 15 applications/year). Total N in the fruits (mean across 4 years) varied from 82 to 110 and 89 to 111 kg N/ha per year for the DGF and FRT sources, respectively. Proportion of N in the fruits in relation to N applied decreased from 74% to 39% for the DGF and from 80% to 40% for the FRT treatments. High percentage of N removal in the fruits in relation to total N applied at low N rates indicate that trees may be depleting the tree reserve for maintaining fruit production. This was evident, to some extent, by the low leaf N concentration at the low N treatments. Furthermore, canopy density was also lower in the low N trees compared to those that received higher N rates.

scholarly journals Combined application of biochar with fertilizer promotes nitrogen uptake in maize by increasing nitrogen retention in soil

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Peng ◽  
Xiaori Han ◽  
Na Li ◽  
Kun Chen ◽  
Jinfeng Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yield ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Total N ◽  
Residual Rate ◽  
The Third ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Entire Experiment

AbstractCombined application of biochar with fertilizers has been used to increase soil fertility and crop yield. However, the coupling mechanisms through which biochar improves crop yield at field scale and the time span over which biochar affects carbon and nitrogen transformation and crop yield are still little known. In this study, a long-term field trial (2013–2019) was performed in brown soil planting maize. Six treatments were designed: CK—control; NPK—application of chemical fertilizers; C1PK—low biochar without nitrogen fertilizer; C1NPK, C2NPK and C3NPK—biochar at 1.5, 3 and 6 t ha−1, respectively, combined with chemical fertilizers. Results showed that the δ15N value in the topsoil of 0–20 cm layer in the C3NPK treatment reached a peak of 291 ‰ at the third year (2018), and demonstrated a peak of 402 ‰ in the NPK treatment in the initial isotope trial in 2016. Synchronously, SOC was not affected until the third to fourth year after biochar addition, and resulted in a significant increase in total N of 2.4 kg N ha−1 in 2019 in C3NPK treatment. During the entire experiment, the 15N recovery rates of 74–80% were observed highest in the C2NPK and C3NPK treatments, resulting in an annual increase in yields significantly. The lowest subsoil δ15N values ranged from 66‰ to 107‰, and the 15N residual rate would take 70 years for a complete decay to 0.001% in the C3NPK. Our findings suggest that biochar compound fertilizers can increase C stability and N retention in soil and improve N uptake by maize, while the loss of N was minimized. Biochars, therefore, may have an important potential for improving the agroecosystem and ecological balance. Graphic abstract

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