scholarly journals Demographics of Kenyan dentists under the predevolved system of government; a dental workforce study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
B.A. Okumu ◽  
L.M. Catherine ◽  
K Estie ◽  
T Marc
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Undergraduate Training ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
County Governments ◽  
Workforce Management ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Decentralised System

Objective: The main aim of this study was to analyse the dental workforce in Kenya prior to the decentralization of health workforce management to county governments in 2013.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of Kenyan dentists who were practising as at 2013. Demographic data was obtained from the Kenya Medical Practitioners and Dentists' Board and the Ministry of Health annual retention registers. These data were integrated and analysed in Microsoft Excel 2016. All tests for significance were set at 95% confidence level (p ≤0.05).Results: Most of the dentists studied were male (55.6%) and more than half (54.5%) were below the age of 40 years (M=39.8, SD=11.9). A majority (79.3%) were general practitioners and approximately half (50.8%) were involved in private practice. Whereas, 76% had received local undergraduate training, many specialists (51.2%) held foreign degrees.Conclusion: There is urgent need for Kenya to develop strategies that will increase and retain the number of dentists and specialists. It remains to be seen whether the creation of a decentralised system of government will address existing shortages as well as the age, gender and speciality imbalances affecting the dental workforce.Keywords: Kenya, dentists, dental specialists, demographics, pre-devolution

PERCEPTION OF QUALIFIED MEDICAL PRACTITIONERS TOWARD PRESCRIBING IN INTERNATIONAL NON-PROPRIETARY (GENERIC) NAMES – AN OBSERVATIONAL, CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
MANAB NANDY ◽  
KUSHAL BANERJEE ◽  
INDRANIL BISWAS ◽  
KAJORI NANDY ◽  
SOUVIK MAJUMDER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Essential Medicine ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Practitioners ◽  
Study Questionnaire

Objectives: The study was conducted to assess the perception and practice of medical practitioners, working in tertiary care, and teaching institutions in Eastern India, regarding the use of generic (non-proprietary) names while prescribing. The study tried to assess their perception toward using drugs from the National List of Essential Medicine (NLEM), as well. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted. Medical practitioners attached to the institution were considered for the study and those who gave voluntarily consent were included. Hundred participants were interviewed based on convenient random sampling. They were provided with the study questionnaire and the responses were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2007 using charts and tables. Results: Majority (43/100) did not feel that generic medicines are as effective as reputed brands, while 32 felt they are of equally effective. About 45% (45/99) felt generics to be equally safe as and 24% (24/99) did not feel so. About 86% considered generics to be cheaper. About 56% did not prefer to substitute with generics in all conditions. About 73% had doubts regarding the quality of production of generics. The decision to use generics was mostly influenced by the lower cost (73%) and by administrative pressure (53%). About 58% felt that the NLEM does not contain all the medicines they would require in practice. About 94% agreed to prescribe more in generics if the quality may be ensured. Conclusion: Awareness of the NLEM and about generics needs to be improved. Authorities need to ensure the quality of generics and assure the prescribers about it.

scholarly journals Hand Hygiene Knowledge, Perception, and Practices among Domestic Visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City Amid the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 673
Author(s):  
Hashim A. Mahdi ◽  
Hamza M. Assaggaf ◽  
Mohammad Alfelali ◽  
Omar B. Ahmed ◽  
Radi Alsafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Graduate Education ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

This study aimed to assess hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices of visitors to the Prophet’s Mosque in Al Madinah City, Saudi Arabia. Using a self-administered electronic questionnaire, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among domestic residents, who visited the mosque between 31 July and 3 August 2020. Participants’ demographic data, hand hygiene knowledge, perception, and practices were collected. Four hundred participants aged 18–65 (median 36) years completed the survey, of which 215 (53.8%) were female. The visitors’ mean knowledge score about hand hygiene was 6.4 (± standard deviation (SD) 1.35) of total 12. Most participants (392, 98%) were aware of the role of hand hygiene in preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19); nevertheless, 384 (96%) said hand hygiene lowers body immunity and 316 (79%) thought <60% alcohol is sufficient for hand disinfection. Males had a higher knowledge score than females (6.46 (±1.41) vs. 6.14 (±1.27), p = 0.02) and, visitors who had no formal education scored higher than those with post-graduate education (6.88 (±1.45) vs 5.73 (±1.12), p = 0.01). Washing hands with soap and water was the predominant method practiced after a meal (365, 91.7%), after toilet visit (354, 88.5%), after touching a surface (262, 65.7%), after waste disposal (332, 83.2%), and when hands were visibly dirty (357, 89.5%). Al Madinah visitors had moderate knowledge about hand hygiene, but demonstrated some knowledge gaps and negligence in practice that are crucial to curb the spread of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Parathyroid Hormone in Pregnancy: Vitamin D and Other Determinants

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 360
Author(s):  
Ola Hysaj ◽  
Patricia Marqués-Gallego ◽  
Aline Richard ◽  
Magdeldin Elgizouli ◽  
Alexandra Nieters ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Parathyroid Hormone ◽  
Inflection Point ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
25 Hydroxy Vitamin D ◽  
Maximal Suppression

We aimed to assess the parathyroid hormone (PTH) concentration in pregnant women at the beginning of pregnancy (1st trimester) and within days before delivery (3rd trimester) and evaluate its determinants. From September 2014 through December 2015 in a cross-sectional study, 204 women in the 1st trimester of pregnancy and 203 women in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy were recruited. Blood samples were collected to measure PTH and circulating 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations. Lifestyle and demographic data were collected using a questionnaire. Serum 25(OH)D and PTH were inversely correlated in both early and late pregnancy. Our analyses suggest that in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, a 25(OH)D level of 18.9 ng/mL (47.3 nmol/L) could serve as an inflection point for the maximal suppression of PTH. Statistically significant determinants of PTH concentrations in multiple regression were 25(OH)D concentrations, season, multiparity and education of the partner (all p < 0.05) in early pregnancy. In late pregnancy, 25(OH)D concentrations and country of origin were statistically significant determinants of PTH concentrations (all p < 0.05). These factors and their effect on PTH appear to be vastly determined by 25(OH)D; however, they might also affect PTH through other mechanisms besides 25(OH)D.

CHILDREN'S AWARENESS OF MEDICINES, DRUG COMPLIANCE AND HEALTH PROTECTION DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC: A DETAILED CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 20-24
Author(s):  
Radhika Vijay
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Great Role ◽  
Drug Compliance ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
North West ◽  
Adult Lives ◽  
Prevention Of Infections

OBJECTIVES: Nobody is refrained from the use of medications in today's times, not even kids,The objective of this study is to focus on the knowledge and awareness level, perception, of children of primary and secondary grade towards medicines , prevention of Infections and Diseases and drug compliance. This descriptive, cross sectional observational study was done METHODS: amongst the kids of North West Rajasthan ,India from August 2020 to October 2020 via an online questionnaire . A sample size of 100 kids , 50 each from Primary and Secondary grade was chosen for the study. The data was entered in Microsoft Excel and was statistically analysed. Results are outcomes of various RESULTS: questions put up to conduct detailed analysis of kids' awareness and medicinal knowledge, drug preferences, factors inuencing and attitude related to hygiene, safety and protection from Covid 19 infection. Kids are the young budding phys CONCLUSION: icians and their childhood beliefs and perceptions might affect their behaviour and decisions in adult lives. Parents and schools can play a great role through educational programs . It's well said, “Children are like wet cement, whatever falls on them, leaves an impression.”

scholarly journals Incentives and barriers to HIV testing in men who have sex with men in a metropolitan area in Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Freire Gonçalves ◽  
Ligia Regina Franco Sansigolo Kerr ◽  
Rosa Salani Mota ◽  
Raimunda Hermelinda Maia Macena ◽  
Rosa Lívia de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Metropolitan Area ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Respondent Driven Sampling ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Personal Network ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sex With Men

Abstract: This study aimed to identify incentives and barriers to HIV testing in men who have sex with men (MSM). This was a cross-sectional study of MSM who had lived at least three months in greater metropolitan Fortaleza, Ceará State, Brazil, 2010. The study recruited 391 men ≥ 18 years of age who reported sexual relations with men in the previous six months, using Respondent Driven Sampling. Personal network and socio-demographic data were collected and HIV testing was offered, analyzed with RDSAT 6.0 and Stata 11.0. The majority were young (40.3%), had 5 to 11 years of schooling (57.3%), were single (85.1%), had low income (37.6%), and 58.1% had tested for HIV some time in life. Incentive to test: certainty of not being infected (34.1%) and the exposure to national campaign Fique Sabendo [Know your Status] (34%). Barriers: trust in partner(s) (21%) and fear of discrimination if tested positive (20.3%). Policies should be developed to ensure test confidentiality and communication campaigns focusing on information gaps and encouragement for testing.

scholarly journals A study of the knowledge and attitude of physicians in the first aid management of epistaxis in Aseer region, Saudi Arabia

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 1457
Author(s):  
Abdullah Musleh ◽  
Sarah Ali AlShehri ◽  
Anas Mohammed AlShehri ◽  
Sultan Khalid Kadasah ◽  
Mohammed Sharaf Alshahrani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Nasolacrimal Duct ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Common ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Epistaxis is the common occurrence of bleeding from the nose. It is usually noticed when blood drains out through the nostrils. There are two types: anterior (the most common), and posterior (less common, more likely to require medical attention). Sometimes in more severe cases, the blood can come up the nasolacrimal duct and out from the eye<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A cross-sectional study was conducted in main five hospitals in Aseer region targeting residents dealing with emergency room (ER) cases during the period from 1st July to 31st July, 2018. Data were collected using a pre-structured written questionnaire by the researchers. The questionnaire composed of three parts. First part was for residents’ demographic data. Second part considered epistaxis cases rate and treatment. Third part covered 10 questions for knowledge regarding epistaxis<span lang="EN-IN">.  </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total sample of 165 residents was involved with ages ranged from 27 years to 32 years old and 65.5% of the sampled residents were males. Exact of 47.3% of the residents were ER residents and 24.2% were general practitioners (GPs)<span lang="EN-IN">. </span></p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-IN">Conclusions:</span></strong><span lang="EN-IN"> Nearly one out of each four residents had good awareness level regarding epistaxis especially GPs and ER residents. Position of patients with epistaxis and sites of epistaxis were the only items well known by residents. </span></p>

scholarly journals Comparison of Urinary Adiponectin in the Presence of Metabolic Syndrome in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patsama Vichinsartvichai ◽  
Rattana Teeramara ◽  
Titima Jirasawas ◽  
Prirayapak Sakoonwatanyoo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Screening And Diagnosis ◽  
Baseline Demographic

Abstract Objectives To find the association between urinary adiponectin and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in peri- and postmenopausal women and its potential application as a noninvasive screening for MetS. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthy peri- and postmenopausal women (defined by STRAW+10 staging) age at least 40 years who attended annual checkup or menopause clinic were recruited. Baseline demographic data, MENQOL, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, laboratory (FBS, total cholesterol, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG) and urinary adiponectin were collected. The MetS was diagnosed according to JIS 2009. Results 290 peri- and postmenopausal women had participated. The prevalence of Mets among our participants was 18%. Urinary adiponectin levels were similar in peri- and postmenopausal women with and without MetS (2.6±2.2 vs 2.3±1.9 ng/mL, respectively, P = 0.55). Urinary adiponectin provides no diagnostic value for MetS (AUC = 0.516). Conclusions Urinary adiponectin has no role in screening and diagnosis of MetS in peri- and postmenopausal women. The quest toward noninvasive screening for MetS is still going on.

scholarly journals Determinants of anemia among pregnant women: A hospital based cross sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3609
Author(s):  
P. Kalpana ◽  
A. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Segment Cesarean Section ◽  
Menstrual History ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Background: The objective was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women. There is a negative effect on the health of the mother and as well as that of the child due to anemia in women with pregnancy. Death rate is more in women who are pregnant and having anemia. The objective of this study was to study the determinants of anemia among pregnant women.Methods: A hospital based cross sectional study was carried out among 40 pregnant women over a period of six months. Demographic data like age, residence, occupation etc was recorded. Obstetric data like gravida, parity, previous LSCS was also recorded. The data was presented as means and student’s t test was applied.Results: The mean age was 23.43±3.4 years. Majority were young between the ages of 19-22 years. Majority belonged to urban residents i.e. 57.5%. 20% of the subjects were found to be illiterate. Majority of the mothers were housewives i.e. 82.5%. Majority were multi-gravida i.e. 60%. Majority had no history of abortions in the past i.e. 75%. Out of total 19 repeat pregnancies, majority i.e. 84.2% had lower segment cesarean section. Majority reported that they had normal menstrual history. The mean hemoglobin level was found out to be 7.94 gm/dl. It was found that the mean hemoglobin level did not differ significantly across age, residence, education, occupation, gravidity, history of abortions, type of delivery but differed significantly by abnormal menstrual cycle.Conclusions: Mean hemoglobin level was more in women with normal menstrual history compared to those women with abnormal menstrual history and this difference was found out to be statistically significant. Hence abnormal menses should be promptly treated, hemoglobin assessed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of facemask associated acne/ “Maskne” among health care workers and non-health care workers of India during COVID-19 pandemic-A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 243-248
Author(s):  
Krina B Patel ◽  
Savfeena M. Nagani ◽  
Aanal T. Patel ◽  
Nirav Bapat
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Front Line Workers

“MASK-NE”-Mask associated Acne, is a common form of acne during COVID-19 pandemic. It is type of acne mechanica seen when external factor occludes the skin, leads to irritation, inflammation and starts/aggravates all grades of acne.We conducted a cross-sectional study among 773 participants, using a Self-administered, aim oriented, questionnaire which includes demographic data, acne related history, type and duration of wearing mask & other mask related skin problems in COVID-19 pandemic during 15 October to 15December,2020.: Among 773 participants, age ranged 18-45 years with mean 30.69 (SD: 61.30) and M:F was 1:1.78. After starting of Pandemic, occurrence of new development of mask associated Acne/ Maskne was higher among Health Care Workers (HCW) (34.98%) as compared to non- Health Care Workers (non-HCWs) (17.36%). Moreover, more number of HCWs had aggravation of their pre-existing acne and/or development of new of acne during pandemic (81.2%) than non-HCWs (61%). Wearing N95 type of mask showed the highest aggravation (82%) of Maskne as compare to wearing Surgical mask (75.5%) and wearing cloth (cotton) mask (65.6%).Wearing a face mask for 4 to 8 hours/day and &#62;8 hours/day showed increase in the aggravation of Maskne as compared to wearing a facemask &#60;4 hrs/day.Though wearing face masks can be the best strategy against COVID-19 infection, HAZARD OF THIS SAFETY is not negligible especially in front-line workers-doctors, nurses, pharmacist, policemen, hospital staff who are at higher risk due to several factors including type of mask use, duration of mask use etc.

scholarly journals Prevalence of obesity amongst bank employees in Latur city of Maharashtra, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3685
Author(s):  
Pramod P. Kulkarni ◽  
Bhaskar S. Gaikawad ◽  
Anant A. Takalkar ◽  
Mukund D. Bhise
Keyword(s):  
Who Classification ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Bank Employees ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: India is currently experiencing rapid epidemiological transition with rising prevalence of obesity which may be due to sedentary lifestyle and changing dietary pattern. Certain occupations like the job of bank employees are sedentary which predispose individuals to obesity. Hence the present study was carried out to study the prevalence of obesity in bank employees in Latur city of Maharashtra.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out amongst 400 bank employees of Latur city. Banks were listed according to sectors i.e. government, co-operative and private. The study subjects were interviewed by predesigned and pretested proforma including bio-social characteristics like age, gender, height, weight etc. The anthropometric measurements were taken like height, weight etc. Data was entered in Microsoft Excel and analysed by using appropriate test whenever necessary.Results: According to body mass index (BMI) classification by WHO classification 34.5% subjects were overweight and obese and 25.75% of bank employees had obesity by waist-hip ratio as per WHO classification and 18.5% of bank employees had isolated abdominal obesity.Conclusions: The prevalence of generalized as well as abdominal obesity by WHO classification was more in bank employees. The associated risk factors like age, gender and designation was found to be significant.

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