Adaptation de l’élevage bovin de l’Ouest du Burkina Faso aux sécheresses  récurrentes

L’élevage est confronté aux difficiles conditions climatiques. Pour s’adapter à cette situation, plusieurs stratégies sont développées. Mais sont-elles efficaces. Pour contribuer à appréhender le phénomène, la présente étude a été conduite. Elle avait pour objectif d’examiner la perception et l’impact des sécheresses récurrentes sur les pratiques pastorales de même que les stratégies d’adaptations développées. Ainsi, elle s’est appuyée sur une enquête individuelle à passage unique auprès de 200 ménages de pasteurs et d’agropasteurs de la province du Noumbiel. Les résultats montrent que l’alimentation du bétail est basée sur le pâturage naturel (100%) qui est soumis aux effets des sécheresses récurrentes. Ces sécheresses apparaissent comme la manifestation majeure du changement climatique. En effet, elle influe le plus négativement sur l’alimentation du bétail (79,5) et sur la production laitière (59%). Pour faire face à cette situation, plusieurs mesures d’adaptation dont la diversification du troupeau (81%), la transhumance nationale (85%), l’achat d’aliments bétail (87%) sont prises par les éleveurs. L’analyse permet de dégager quatre catégories d’acteurs selon leurs capacités d’adaptation. De ces quatre, seule la catégorie C1 représentant 16,5% de l’échantillon, s’adapte le mieux aux effets néfastes des sécheresses. En somme, notre étude démontre que les éleveurs du Noumbiel ont adopté des stratégies d’adaptation pour faire face à l’impact des sécheresses récurrentes sur leurs activités d’élevage. Ils ont cependant des capacités de résilience globalement faibles. English title: Adaptation of cattle breeding in Western Burkina Faso to recurrent droughts Livestock farming is confronted with difficult climatic conditions. To adapt to this situation, several strategies have been developed. But are they effective? To help understand the phenomenon, this study was conducted. The objective of this study was to examine the perception and impact of recurrent droughts on pastoral practices as well as coping strategies developed. Thus, it was based on a one-pass individual survey of 200 pastoralist and agropastoralist households in Noumbiel province. The results show that livestock feed is based on natural grazing (100%) which is subject to the effects of recurrent droughts. These droughts are emerging as the major manifestation of climate change. Indeed, it has the most negative impact on livestock feed (79.5) and milk production (59%). To cope with this situation, several adaptation measures including herd diversification (81%), national transhumance (85%), and the purchase of animal feed (87%) are taken by livestock farmers. The analysis identifies four categories of actors according to their adaptive capacities. Of these four, only category C1, made up of 33 transhumant pastoralists and representing 16.5% of the sample, is best suited to the adverse effects of droughts. In sum, our study shows that pastoralists in Noumbiel have adopted coping strategies to cope with the impact of recurrent droughts on their livestock activities. However, they have globally weak resilience capacities.

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The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic adults – a survey

Advances in Autism ◽

10.1108/aia-10-2020-0057 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Conor James Davidson ◽

Keri Lodge ◽

Alwyn Kam

Keyword(s):

Coping Strategies ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Online Survey ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Significant Deterioration ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Content Type ◽

Autistic People ◽

Autistic Adults ◽

The Impact

Purpose To date there has been limited research on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic people. This study aims to present the results of a survey of autistic people (n = 51) conducted by a UK specialist autism team. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional online survey. Findings A total of 72% respondents reported either some or significant deterioration in mental health during the pandemic. The issues that caused most negative impact were uncertainty over what will happen next and disruption of normal routine. Respondents reported a variety of coping strategies to help them through the pandemic. Originality/value To date there has been little research looking specifically at the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on autistic people. This paper adds weight to the evidence that the pandemic has had a particularly severe impact on autistic adults and includes useful information on potential coping strategies for this population.

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Assessing the Impacts of Land Use and land cover change on Pastoral Livestock Farming in South-Eastern Burkina Faso

Environment and Natural Resources Research ◽

10.5539/enrr.v6n1p110 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 110 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sophie A. KIMA ◽

A. A OKHIMAMHE ◽

Andre KIEMA

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Burkina Faso ◽

Information Source ◽

Fuel Wood ◽

Landsat Images ◽

Livestock Farming ◽

Poor Access ◽

Livestock Farmers ◽

Landsat Satellite ◽

The Impact

<p class="1Body">Conversion of pastures to cropland is one of the most important issues facing livestock farming in Burkina Faso. This study examined the impact of land use/cover change on pastoral livestock farming in Boulgou province between 1980 and 2013. Landsat satellite images (1989, 2001 and 2013) and socio-economic data were analysed. The interpretation of the classified Landsat images revealed an increase in cropland from 20.5% in 1989 to 36.7% in 2013. This resulted mainly from the conversion of woody savannah and shrub and grass savannah to cropland. Pastoral livestock farmers reported that the major drivers of vegetation loss were drought (95.1 %), population growth (91.8%), cropland increase (91.4%), extraction of fuel wood (69.8%) and increase in livestock population (65.4). These changes affect livestock farming through reduction of pasture, poor access to water and reduction of livestock mobility routes according to the farmers. This calls for regional and national policies to protect grazing areas in Burkina Faso that are similar to policies being implemented for forest and other types of vegetation cover in other countries. For such pastoral policies to be successful, issues concerning the mobility of livestock farmers must be enshrined into such policies and this study is an example of information source for these policies.</p>

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Trends in crop production as a factor of ensuring food security of the Perm Region

Agrarian Bulletin of the ◽

10.32417/1997-4868-2021-213-10-81-92 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 213 (10) ◽

pp. 81-92

Author(s):

Lyudmila Shalaeva

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Crop Production ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Potato Production ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Self Sufficiency ◽

The Social ◽

The Impact ◽

Sown Area ◽

Perm Region

Abstract. Goal. The assessment of the main trends in the activity of agricultural producers in crop production was carried out in order to substantiate the possibilities of the Perm Region for self-sufficiency with the main types of food resources in the presence of adverse effects of natural and climatic conditions. Methods. A statistical analysis was carried out using grouping and comparison methods based on the official statistics of the Perm Region for 2016-2020. Results. In accordance with the social and geographical specifics of the Perm Region, on the territory of which rural areas predominate, the largest volume of crop production is produced in the households of the population (up to 58 %), whose activities are characterized by the lowest level of stability and are more susceptible to the negative impact of natural and climatic conditions. The activity of agricultural organizations (share up to 36 %) and farms (share up to 8 %) is more stable. A higher level of dependence on natural and climatic conditions was revealed in the field of potato production, a lower level – in the field of grain and vegetables production of protected soil. The risk is reinforced by the fact that up to 70 % of the natural volume of potatoes and more than 80% of vegetables are produced in households. With a decrease in the total sown area by 1.2 %, there is a decrease in the sown area of potatoes by 15 % and vegetables by 6 %. The identified trends allowed us to identify the risk of reducing the level of food self-sufficiency of the Perm Region with potatoes and vegetables. The insecurity of domestic potato consumption in the Perm Region is, according to preliminary data, 13 % in 2020. The presence of risk was also revealed for vegetables, the internal consumption of the region was provided with vegetable products of its own production by an average of 56% during the study period. The results obtained allow us to identify the directions of optimization of the Perm Region strategy in solving the problems of food self-sufficiency. Scientific novelty. The dynamics of factors of crop production (structure, yield, acreage, intensification) is assessed taking into account the social, geographical, natural and climatic specifics of the Perm Region through the prism of the impact on the regional food balance and the level of self-sufficiency of the region with potatoes and vegetables.

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Regional assessment of climate risks using GIS technologies (on the example of the Belgorod Region)

Proceedings of the International conference “InterCarto/InterGIS” ◽

10.35595/2414-9179-2020-1-26-271-278 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (1) ◽

pp. 271-278

Author(s):

Yuri Chendev ◽

Maria Lebedeva ◽

Olga Krymskaya ◽

Maria Petina

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Quantitative Assessment ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Winter Period ◽

Adaptation Measures ◽

Climate Services ◽

Climate Risks ◽

Weather And Climate ◽

The Impact

The ongoing climate change requires a quantitative assessment of the impact of weather conditions on the nature and livelihoods of the population. However, to date, the concept of “climate risk” has not been finally defined, and the corresponding terminology is not universally recognized. One manifestation of climate change is an increase in climate variability and extremeness in many regions. At the same time, modern statistics indicate growing worldwide damage from dangerous weather and climate events. The most widely used in climate services is the concept of “Vulnerability index”, which reflects a combination (with or without weighing) of several indicators that indicate the potential damage that climate change can cause to a particular sector of the economy. development of adaptation measures to ensure sustainable development of territories. The main criterion for the vulnerability of the territory from the point of view of meteorological parameters is the extremeness of the basic values: daily air temperature, daily precipitation, maximum wind speed. To fully take into account the possible impacts of extreme climatic conditions on the region’s economy, it is necessary to detail the weather and climate risks taking into account the entire observation network, since significant differences in quantitative assessment are possible. The obtained average regional values of the climate vulnerability indices for the Belgorod Region of the Russian Federation provide 150 points for the winter period, 330 points for the summer season, which indicates the prevalence of extreme weather conditions in the warm season. Most of the territory has a relative influence on climatic phenomena, with the exception of the East and the Southeast Region. Moreover, the eastern part of the region is the most vulnerable in climatic terms.

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Aspects Concerning the Impact of Climate Aridization on Forest Ecosystems (Case Study)

Present Environment and Sustainable Development ◽

10.1515/pesd-2017-0025 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 63-75

Author(s):

Nedealcov Maria ◽

Donica Ala ◽

Brașoveanu Valeriu ◽

Grigoraș Nicolae ◽

Deomidova Cristina

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Forest Ecosystems ◽

Temporal Dynamics ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Local Level ◽

Aridity Index ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Study Region ◽

Climate Aridization ◽

The Impact

Abstract Assessment activity and surveillance of the forests health, held at the global, regional and local level, has continuously developed, culminating in the current period with interdisciplinary and extensive scientific researches, that evaluate the effects of the main factors on forest ecosystems state, in particular, air pollution and climate change. Scientific researches have shown that among trees ecophysiological processes, forest life processes and meteorological parameters there are direct dependences, particularly in the case of trees supply with water during the growing period (May-July), with major influences for critical months (July and August), which have a decisive impact on growth, vitality and production of organic matter in forests. Dry years, from the beginning of the third millennium can lead to a decrease of mesophilic forests area (beech, sessile oak and penduculate oak), which will tend to retreat towards the center of the area (central Europe) in favor of thermophilic forests with pubescent oak. It was determined that a most significant negative impact of climate aridization will feel the forest ecosystems from Southern and central regions of country (conditioned by the mean air temperature (July-August), monthly rainfall (May-August), evapotranspiration and geographic latitude), and less - the Northern part of the country (Forestry Aridity Index calculated for 3 experimental stations revealed variations of this index between 7.8 - 8.3 - in the Central part of country, and 8.4 - 8.6 - for Southern part of country). At the same time the impact of climate change will determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of pests and pathogenic species. The phenomenon of climate aridization was expressed also through the impact of the Microsphaera alphitoides disease, intensity of “mildew” attack being based on the climatic conditions of the study region. Obtained data, for confirmation, were correlated with indications of bioindicators, present in the study region.

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WEATHER SENSITIVITY OF RICE YIELD: EVIDENCE FROM INDIA

Climate Change Economics ◽

10.1142/s2010007814500110 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 05 (04) ◽

pp. 1450011 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

ANUBHAB PATTANAYAK ◽

K. S. KAVI KUMAR

Keyword(s):

Rice Yield ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Significant Loss ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Weather Data ◽

Weather Sensitivity ◽

Daily Weather Data ◽

Level Information ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

The Impact

This study estimates the weather sensitivity of rice yield in India, using disaggregated (district) level information on rice and high resolution daily weather data over the period 1969–2007. Compared to existing India specific studies on rice which consider only the effects of nighttime (minimum) temperature, the present study takes into account the effects of both nighttime and daytime (maximum) temperatures along with other weather variables on rice yield. The results suggest that both nighttime and daytime temperatures adversely affect rice during different growth phases. The effect of higher nighttime temperature on rice yield was much lower than those estimated by previous studies. Further, the negative impact of higher daytime temperature on rice yield was much larger than the impact due to higher nighttime temperature. The study further estimates that average rice yield would have been 8.4% higher had the pre-1960 climatic conditions prevailed during the period of study. This translates into an annual average loss of 4.4 million tons/yr or a cumulative loss of 172 million tons over the 39 year period for India. The paper argues that such significant loss in rice production under climate change conditions in future will have strong implications for the region's food-security and poverty, given that a large number of producers and consumers depend on rice for their livelihood and sustenance.

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Influence of storms on the emission of pollutants from sewage into waters

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-97536-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Monika Suchowska-Kisielewicz ◽

Ireneusz Nowogoński

Keyword(s):

Environmental Protection Agency ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Sewage Treatment ◽

Sewage Treatment Plant ◽

Treatment Plant ◽

Heavy Precipitation ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Storm Water Management Model ◽

Rainy Weather ◽

The Impact

AbstractDuring heavy precipitation, chemical and biological pollutants from urban and agricultural areas enter the waters from storm overflows as a result of infiltration and inflow, as well as via uncontrolled outflows from water treatment plants. Infiltration and inflow of rainwater into sewers is an especially popular and major worldwide problem. Climate forecasts indicate changes in climatic conditions towards an increase in the intensity and frequency of torrential rainfalls. It may therefore be assumed that the negative impact of rainwater on water quality will increase. This article attempts to address the question of the impact of pollution from wastewater introduced into water during rainy weather to the receiver. The assessment of the impact of rainfalls on a receiver was carried out on the basis of a simulation of pollution loads from sewage introduced into a river by storm overflows based on data from monitoring the amount of rainfall and simulating the operation of storm overflows using Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). The obtained results were compared with the pollutant loads discharged at the same time from the sewage treatment plant (STP). In addition, the article assesses possible improvement solutions to reduce the negative impact of storm overflows on water.

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Medical students’ perceptions and coping strategies during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: studies, clinical implication, and professional identity

BMC Medical Education ◽

10.1186/s12909-021-03053-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wurth Sophie ◽

Sader Julia ◽

Cerutti Bernard ◽

Broers Barbara ◽

Bajwa M. Nadia ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Medical Students ◽

Professional Identity ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Clinical Exposure ◽

Perceived Impact ◽

The University ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background The unfolding of the COVID-19 pandemic during spring 2020 has disrupted medical education worldwide. The University of Geneva decided to shift on-site classwork to online learning; many exams were transformed from summative to formative evaluations and most clinical activities were suspended. We aimed to investigate the perceived impact of those adaptations by the students at the Faculty of Medicine. Methods We sent an online self-administered survey to medical students from years 2 to 6 of the University of Geneva, three months after the beginning of the pandemic. The survey explored students’ main activities during the first three months of the pandemic, the impact of the crisis on their personal life, on their training and on their professional identity, the level of stress they experienced and which coping strategies they developed. The survey consisted of open-ended and closed questions and was administered in French. Results A total of 58.8% of students responded (n = 467) and were homogeneously distributed across gender. At the time of the survey, two thirds of the participants were involved in COVID-19-related activities; 72.5% voluntarily participated, mainly fueled by a desire to help and feel useful. Many participants (58.8%) reported a feeling of isolation encountered since the start of the pandemic. Main coping strategies reported were physical activity and increased telecommunications with their loved ones. Most students described a negative impact of the imposed restrictions on their training, reporting decreased motivation and concentration in an unusual or distraction-prone study environment at home and missing interactions with peers and teachers. Students recruited to help at the hospital in the context of increasing staff needs reported a positive impact due to the enriched clinical exposure. Perceived stress levels were manageable across the surveyed population. If changed, the crisis had a largely positive impact on students’ professional identity; most highlighted the importance of the health care profession for society and confirmed their career choice. Conclusion Through this comprehensive picture, our study describes the perceived impact of the pandemic on University of Geneva medical students, their training and their professional identity three months after the start of the pandemic. These results allowed us to gain valuable insight that reinforced the relevance of assessing the evolution of the situation in the long run and the importance of developing institutional support tools for medical students throughout their studies.

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The Impact of Study Mode (Online vs. Hybrid) on Early Symptoms of Depression and Coping Strategies among University Students in Poland in Time of COVID-19 Pandemic—Preliminary Study

Brain Sciences ◽

10.3390/brainsci11121578 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (12) ◽

pp. 1578

Author(s):

Anna Drelich-Zbroja ◽

Anna Jamroz-Wiśniewska ◽

Maryla Kuczyńska ◽

Monika Zbroja ◽

Weronika Cyranka ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

University Students ◽

Coping Strategies ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Mental States ◽

Online Questionnaire ◽

Early Symptoms ◽

Study Mode ◽

And Coping ◽

The Impact

Introduction: mental health has been one of the most important issues surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic; mental disorders can be exacerbated by isolation during lockdowns or online learning. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between non-clinical (early) symptoms of depressed moods, personality traits, and coping strategies, as well as whether the learning mode (online versus hybrid) differentiates the experiences of these early symptoms and coping strategies. Methods: 114 university students aged 19 to 34, whose education model was changed from stationary to hybrid or online due to COVID-19 restrictions, participated in the study. The participants completed the online questionnaire, which consisted of two sections: (1) demographic questions to characterize the subjects and 44 questions based on the literature review. (2) Mini-COPE Inventory. Results: the study showed that the fully online study mode has a negative impact on the mental health of students; hybrid students are more likely to use active and positive coping strategies, which effectively help to control negative thoughts and/or reduce negative mental states. Conclusions: the COVID-19 pandemic has had significant psychological effects that will extend to coming years; therefore, implementing systemic psychological care is of utmost importance.

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Changing Climatic Conditions and Agricultural Livelihoods: An Impact Study in Jagatsinghpur District, Odisha

Social Change ◽

10.1177/0049085720924362 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 004908572092436

Author(s):

Prasanta Moharaj ◽

Satyapriya Rout

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Social Life ◽

Crop Production ◽

Field Survey ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Secondary Sources ◽

Climatic Variations ◽

The Impact ◽

Human Social Life

This article attempts to examine the negative impact of climate change on agricultural livelihood and human social life. Natural climatic variations have always been a challenge for human sustenance as they are predicated on a host of factors that include natural, human-made and unbalanced environmental conditions. India too, with its geographic zones such as mountains, small islands, wetlands, coastal areas, deserts, semi-arid lands and plains, is exposed to challenges of climatic change. The impact of climate is particularly severe on the livelihoods of the rural poor. For instance, people living near coastal regions are constantly prone to severe floods. This study specifically focusses on coastal Odisha and the impact of floods which have been triggered by climate change. The study, looking at the effect on crop production and socio-economic conditions, has followed a two-pronged approach, conducting a field survey and collecting data from secondary sources.

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