scholarly journals GC-MS analyses of young and mature Archidium Ohioense Schimp Ex. C. Mull and Philonotis hastate (Duby) Wijk & Margad extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103
Author(s):  
M.O. Isa ◽  
B.A. Akinpelu ◽  
A.M. Makinde
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Moss Species ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Young Stage ◽  
Ethylhexyl Phthalate

Analyses of the constituents of the crude extracts obtained from young and mature moss species namely: Archidium ohioense and Philonotis hastata were conducted with a view to investigating the effects of maturity stages on their bioactive constituents. The mosses collected from their natural population were air dried at ambient temperature in the laboratory, extracted with methanol and the crude extracts subjected to gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. The results of the analyses showed the presence of 20 compounds in young A. ohioense with n-hexadecanoic acid [26.60%], bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [12.47%], bicyclo (3.1.1)heptane 2,6,6-trimethyl-[1r-(1.alpha.,2.beta.,5.alpha.)]- [11.59%] and phytol [9.69%] forming the prominent components while in the mature A. ohioense, 13 compounds were present, from which n-hexadecanoic acid [51.25%], hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)-ethyl ester [9.90%] and n-propyl 9-octadecenoate [7.47%] formed the prominent components. In P. hastata, 20 compounds were identified in the young stage sample with n-hexadecanoic acid [22.46%], bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [20.95%] and phytol [18.14%] as the prominent components while 9 compounds were identified in the mature sample with n-hexadecanoic acid[51.84%], hexadecanoic acid 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester [18.12%] and bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [9.11%] which formed the prominent components. The study indicated that, maturity stages at collection of the mosses affected their bioactive compositions, with the young stage mosses showing more bioactive compounds than the mature ones. Keywords: A. ohioense, P. hastata, Mosses, Maturity stages, Crude extract, GC-MS.

Metabolomics and Pharmacological Screening of Aspergillus versicolor Isolated from Hyrtios erectus Red Sea Sponge; Egypt

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1083-1102
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. Shreadah ◽  
Nehad M.A. El Moneam ◽  
Samy A. El-Assar ◽  
Asmaa Nabil-Adam
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Aspergillus Versicolor ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pharmacological Screening

Background: Aspergillus Versicolor is a marine-derived fungus isolated from Hyrtios Erectus Red Sea sponge. Methods: The aim of this study was to carry out a pharmacological screening and investigation for the in vitro biological activity (antioxidant, cholinergic, antidiabetic and anticancer) of Aspergillus Versicolor crude extract’s active compounds by using different qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: The present study results showed that Aspergillus Versicolor crude extracts contain 0.6 mg total phenolic/mg crude extract. Aspergillus Versicolor also showed a potent antioxidative capacity by decreasing the oxidation of ABTS. The anticancer and inhibitory effects of Aspergillus Versicolor crude extracts on PTK and SHKI were found to be 75.29 % and 80.76%; respectively. The AChE inhibitory assay revealed that Aspergillus Versicolor extracts had an inhibitory percentage of 86.67%. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory activity using COX1, COX2, TNF, and IL6 was 77.32, 85.21 %, 59.83%, and 56.15%; respectively. Additionally, the anti-viral effect using reverse transcriptase enzyme showed high antiviral activity with 92.10 %. Conclusion: The current study confirmed that the Aspergillus versicolor crude extract and its active constituents showed strong effects on diminishing the oxidative stress, neurodegenerative damage, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer and anti-viral, suggesting their beneficial role as a promising fermented product in the treatment of cancer, oxidative stress, Alzheimer's, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral diseases.

scholarly journals GC-MS ANALYSIS OF INVASIVE AQUATIC WEED, PISTIA STRATIOTES L. AND EICHHORNIA CRASSIPES (MART.) SOLMS

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tulika Tyagi ◽  
Mala Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Eichhornia Crassipes ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Pistia Stratiotes ◽  
Aquatic Weed ◽  
Hexadecenoic Acid ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Acid Methyl

Objective: To investigate the bioactive components of an invasive aquatic weed, Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms vegetative parts by using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS).Methods: The chemical compositions of the ethanol extract of whole plant Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms was investigated using Agilent Technologies GC-MS (GC-7890A, MS 5975C).Results: The results of GC-MS analysis of the ethanolic extract revealed the existence of 28 phytochemical compounds in Pistia stratiotes L. n-Hexadecanoic acid,-11-Hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, Octadecanoic acid, ethyl ester, 2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 5-hydroxy-2,3-dimethyl, L-Glutamine, 2-Pentadecanone, 6,10,14-trimethyl, Linolelaidic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, methyl ester,(Z,Z,Z), Nonadecane, 12,15-Octadecadiynoic acid, methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, Diisooctyl phthalate, Docosanoic acid, ethyl ester, Stigmasterol, Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, Ethyl iso-allocholate are the major compound.The ethanolic extract of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms contains 43 phytochemical compounds of high and low molecular weight n-Hexadecanoic acid, E-11-Hexadecenoic acid, ethyl ester, Palmitic acid, Phytol, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienal, 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester, Linolenic acid, ethyl ester, Stearic acid, ethyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl ester, α-Glyceryl linolenate, 1-Monolinoleoylglycerol trimethylsilyl ether, Linoleic acid, 2,3-bis-(O-TMS)-propyl ester, Stigmasterol, Linolelaidic acid, methyl ester, 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester, (Z,Z,Z), Ethyl iso-allocholate, Cholesta-22,24-dien-5-ol, 4,4-dimethyl are the major compounds.These results indicates Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms possess potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antitumour, antiarthritic, cancer preventive, antibacterial effects so can be recommended as a plant of phytopharmaceutical importance.Conclusion: The ethanol extract of Pistia stratiotes L. and Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms proves as a potential source of bioactive compounds of pharmacological importance.

scholarly journals Longevity of Raw and Lyophilized Crude Urease Extracts

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
Neda Javadi ◽  
Hamed Khodadadi Tirkolaei ◽  
Nasser Hamdan ◽  
Edward Kavazanjian
Keyword(s):  
Crude Extract ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Simple Extraction ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Stable Source ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Cost

The stability (longevity of activity) of three crude urease extracts was evaluated in a laboratory study as part of an effort to reduce the cost of urease for applications that do not require high purity enzyme. A low-cost, stable source of urease will greatly facilitate engineering applications of urease such as biocementation of soil. Inexpensive crude extracts of urease have been shown to be effective at hydrolyzing urea for carbonate precipitation. However, some studies have suggested that the activity of a crude extract may decrease with time, limiting the potential for its mass production for commercial applications. The stability of crude urease extracts shown to be effective for biocementation was studied. The crude extracts were obtained from jack beans via a simple extraction process, stored at room temperature and at 4 ℃, and periodically tested to evaluate their stability. To facilitate storage and transportation of the extracted enzyme, the longevity of the enzyme following freeze drying (lyophilization) to reduce the crude extract to a powder and subsequent re-hydration into an aqueous solution was evaluated. In an attempt to improve the shelf life of the lyophilized extract, dextran and sucrose were added during lyophilization. The stability of purified commercial urease following rehydration was also investigated. Results of the laboratory tests showed that the lyophilized crude extract maintained its activity during storage more effectively than either the crude extract solution or the rehydrated commercial urease. While incorporating 2% dextran (w/v) prior to lyophilization of the crude extract increased the overall enzymatic activity, it did not enhance the stability of the urease during storage.

scholarly journals Isolation of a Novel Polyketide from Neodidymelliopsis sp.

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 3235
Author(s):  
Melissa M. Cadelis ◽  
Hugo Gordon ◽  
Alex Grey ◽  
Soeren Geese ◽  
Daniel R. Mulholland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Natural Products ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Structure Elucidation ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Bioactive Natural Products

Fungi have become an invaluable source of bioactive natural products, with more than 5 million species of fungi spanning the globe. Fractionation of crude extract of Neodidymelliopsis sp., led to the isolation of a novel polyketide, (2Z)-cillifuranone (1) and five previously reported natural products, (2E)-cillifuranone (2), taiwapyrone (3), xylariolide D (4), pachybasin (5), and N-(5-hydroxypentyl)acetamide (6). It was discovered that (2Z)-cillifuranone (1) was particularly sensitive to ambient temperature and light resulting in isomerisation to (2E)-cillifuranone (2). Structure elucidation of all the natural products were conducted by NMR spectroscopic techniques. The antimicrobial activity of 2, 3, and 5 were evaluated against a variety of bacterial and fungal pathogens. A sodium [1-13C] acetate labelling study was conducted on Neodidymelliopsis sp. and confirmed that pachybasin is biosynthesised through the acetate polyketide pathway.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF MATURITY STAGES ON QUALITY AND SHELF LIFE OF “SOLO” PAPAYA FRUITS DURING STORAGE

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-68
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Shelf Life ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Colour Change ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Sensorial Evaluation ◽  
Stage 1

“Solo” papaya fruits were harvested in October, 2016 & 2017 seasons from a commercial orchard located in Ismailia Governorate, Egypt. Papaya fruits were harvested at three maturity stages: 25% yellow (stage 1), 50% yellow (stage 2) and 100% yellow (stage 3) and evaluated during storage at ambient temperature (20°C ± 2) for 4 days + at 80- 85% RH or during cold storage at 6°C + 90- 95% RH for 20 days. Papaya fruits softened very rapidly at room temperature after harvest and had 4 days shelf life. However, the fruit can be stored for 20 days at 6°C with little changes in firmness and the fruit apparently progressed in normal ripening upon removal to ambient temperature (20°C) for 3 days. All colour values (a*, L* and C*) were linearly increased during cold storage. Conversely, as a result of colour change from green to orange-red, h° values decreased. Soluble solids content was not affected during ripening at 20°C and remained steady. Fruit harvested at stage 2 and stored at 6°C for 20 days following 3 days at 20°C had superior score for sensorial evaluation.

scholarly journals Kinetic Behaviour of Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition by Ultrasonicated A. malaccensis and A. subintegra Leaves of Different Particle Sizes

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 818-828
Author(s):  
Miradatul Najwa Muhd Rodhi ◽  
Fazlena Hamzah ◽  
Ku Halim Ku Hamid
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Gallic Acid ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Competitive Inhibition ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition ◽  
Lipase Inhibition

Gallic acid and quercetin equivalent were determined in the crude extract of matured leaves Aquilaria malaccensis and Aquilaria subintegra. The leaves of both Aquilaria species were dried at 60 °C for 24 hours, ground and sieved into particle size of 250, 300, 400, 500, and 1000 µm. Then, each particle size of leaves was soaked in distilled water with a ratio of 1:100 (w/v) for 24 hours and undergoes the pre-treatment method by using ultrasonicator (37 kHz), at the temperature of 60 °C for 30 minutes. The crude extracts were obtained after about 4 hours of hydrodistillation process. The highest concentration of gallic acid and quercetin equivalent was determined in the crude extract from the particle size of 250 µm. The kinetics of pancreatic lipase inhibition was further studied based using the Lineweaver-Burk plot, wherein the concentration of p-NPP as the substrate and pancreatic lipase were varied. Based on the formation of the lines in the plot, the crude leaves extract of both Aquilaria species exhibit the mixed-inhibition on pancreatic lipase, which indicates that in the reaction, the inhibitors were not only attached to the free pancreatic lipase, but also to the pancreatic lipase-(p-NPP) complex. The reaction mechanism was similar to non-competitive inhibition; however the value of dissociation constant, Ki, for both inhibition pathways was different. The inhibition shows an increment in Michaelis-Menten constant (Km) and a reduction in the maximum pancreatic lipase activity (Vm) compared to the reaction without Aquilaria spp. crude extracts (control). This proved that the inhibition occurred in this reaction. Copyright © 2020 BCREC Group. All rights reserved 

scholarly journals INHIBITION ACTIVITY OF CLEOME SPECIES EXTRACT ON ONION GUEST ROOT

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
SUTTHIDUEAN CHUNHAKARN ◽  
PRAKAIDAO YINGSANGA ◽  
LADA MATHURASA
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Cleome Spinosa ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Activity

Objective: Biological control is useful in agricultural. Allelopathy plays an important factor in crop productivity. The effect of allelopathy is able to produce and release allelochemicals or phytochemicals to inhibit or stimulate seed germination, seeding growth, shoot and root growth of other crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of Cleome viscose and Cleome spinosa extracts on onion guest roots length.Methods: The whole plants of C. viscose and C. spinosa were extracted with dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and distilled water, respectively. Each group of onion guests was sprayed at various concentrations as 100, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 parts per million for the treatment. The root growth was measured every day for 1 month.Results: At concentration of 1600 ppm, methanol crude extract of C. spinose showed the highest percent inhibitory activity value of 91.68. Ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts of C. viscose showed strong inhibitory activity with percentage values of 90.17 and 90.90, respectively, at concentration of 1600 ppm. Moreover, the methanol extract of C. viscose and C. spinosa evaluated higher inhibitory activity than other solvent. However, distilled water crude extract of C. spinose showed weak inhibitory activity with the percentage value of 40.05 at concentration of 1600 ppm.Conclusions: In this study, the methanol crude extract of C. spinose showed potent inhibitory activity on root growth. Moreover, ethyl acetate and methanol crude extracts of C. viscose evaluated strong inhibitory activity. C. viscose and C. spinosa extracts possessed allelochemicals for postharvest biology and technology in plants.

scholarly journals CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF AN EXTRACT FROM BOUGAINVILLEA X BUTTIANA (VAR. ROSE) HOLTTUM AND STANDL

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rigoberto Villanueva Guerrero ◽  
Rodolfo Abarca Vargas ◽  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Paw Edema ◽  
Hexadecanoic Acid ◽  
Phenolic Contents ◽  
Total Phenolic Contents ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Objective: A Bougainvillea x buttiana (var. Rose) Holttum and Standl extract (BxbREE) was prepared and its chemical composition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity were evaluated.Methods: For the analyses of the phytochemical compounds present in BxbREE extract, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used. To explore the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory activities, total phenolic contents, carbohydrates, lipids and carrageenan-induce paw edema models, respectively, were used. For in vivo experiments, the extract was orally, intraperitoneally and/or subcutaneously administered at doses of 0.04, 0.4, 4 and 40 mg/kg.Results: GC/MS analyses showed the presence of 7 compounds, including 2-Propenoic acid, 3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-, (E)-(1.19%); 2-Methoxy-4-vinylphenol (0.22%); 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose (92.14%); n-Hexadecanoic acid (0.76%); Hexadecanoic acid, ethyl ester (1.17%); 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, ethyl ester (1.93%); and 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic acid, ethyl ester (Z,Z,Z) (2.59%). Phytochemical qualitative analysis showed the presence of total phenolic contents at 320 mg of Gallic acid Equivalent/gram of dried extract (GA-Eq/g extract); carbohydrates 5.18 mg/ml and lipids 13.88 mg/ml. In accordance the structures the major compound was 3-O-Methyl-d-glucose. Our results also clearly indicate that BxbREE decreases inflammation in BALB/c mice as a subplantar injection of carrageenan-induced paw edema. The extract presented a potent dose-dependent inhibitory effect. The edema inhibition percentage was significantly lower in groups of animals treated with BxbREE by via intraperitoneal or subcutaneous when compared with those results obtained for groups treated by orally administration (p<0.001).Conclusion: In conclusion, this study established the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of Bougainvillea x buttiana (var. Rose); also, this extract could be considered to be a natural anti-oxidant agent that represents an anti-inflammatory remedy.

scholarly journals Influence of maturity stage on fruit longevity of cherry tomatoes stored at ambient and controlled temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 4027
Author(s):  
Cristiana Maia de Oliveira ◽  
Leandro Martins Ferreira ◽  
Margarida Gorete Ferreira do Carmo ◽  
Regina Celi Cavestre Coneglian
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fruit Maturity ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Cherry Tomatoes

Fruit maturity stage has direct influence on the post-harvest life and consumer quality. Therefore, the understanding of the maturation process and its quality characteristics for storage are key factors for commercialization. In face of the foregoing, this study aimed to determine shelf life and changes in physical and chemical indexes of cherry tomatoes (Perinha Água Branca (PAB) and Mascot), assessing fruit harvested at four maturity stages and stored at ambient and controlled temperatures. For this, it was used fruit at turning, pink, red and ripe maturity stages, submitted to ambient (25 ± 2 °C) and controlled (12 °C and 90% RH) temperature, and assessed over time the indexes of fresh mass loss, titratable acidity, pH, soluble solids and ascorbic acid. The experimental design was completely randomized design in a factorial scheme of 2×4×7 for ambient temperature and 2×4×8 for controlled temperature. At ambient temperature, a longevity of up to 20 days was observed for PAB and Mascot fruit harvested at turning and pink maturity stages. When harvested at red and ripe stages, the longevity was of 15 days for PAB fruit and of 15 and 11 days, respectively, for Mascot fruit. At controlled temperature, PAB fruit showed longevity of 24 days when harvested at turning and pink stages and of 20 and 7 days, respectively, when harvested at red and ripe stages. A longevity of up to 27 days was observed for Mascot fruit harvested at turning stage and of 24 days for the other stages. The fruit harvested at turning and pink maturity stages, associated with storage under controlled conditions, presented higher longevity and maintenance of physical and chemical indexes of quality.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Leaf Extract of Piliostigma Thonningii for Control of Root-Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on Eggplant

2021 ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
A. Mamman ◽  
I. Umar ◽  
A. M. Malgwi ◽  
G. T. Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Meloidogyne Javanica ◽  
Nematode Population ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Crude Extracts ◽  
Piliostigma Thonningii

Extracts of Piliostigma thonningii were tested for their effectiveness in controlling Meloidogyne javanica eggs and juveniles in the laboratory and on eggplant cv ‘Yalon Data’. A thousand juveniles were placed in 12 petridishes and extracts of P.  thonningii (Crude extracts, 5 ml dilution and 10 ml dilution of the crude extracts) were dispensed into the petridishes. One thousand eggs of the M. javanica were placed in 12 petridishes and treated with the same extracts used on the juveniles. For the field experiment, 12 plots of size 2m x2m were prepared and planted with nine plants of eggplant cv ‘Yalon Data’. Seedlings of eggplants were transplanted after three weeks in the nursery to the field into holes drenched with 10 ml of the extracts used in the laboratory tests. Subsequent applications of extracts were done weekly for eight weeks. The results showed that the crude extract was the most effective against both the eggs (87.43 % hatch inhibition) and juveniles (90.23 % mortality). In the field, eggplants treated with the crude extract recorded the tallest plants ((124.78 cm -2017 and 125.00 cm-2018), highest number of fruits/plant (18.51-2017 and 19.55-2018), highest yield (50.45t/ha-2017 and 53.78t/ha-2018) and the lowest galling indices and final nematode population. It is therefore concluded that the crude extract of P.  thonningii can be employed for the control of M. javanica in the field.

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