scholarly journals Assessment of Malaria Parasitaemia among the Residents of Abuja Municipal Area Council (AMAC), FCT, Abuja, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
G.I.A. Okoroiwu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Malaria Parasitaemia ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Chi Square

Malaria intensity in both Urban and Rural areas of Nigeria is of Public Health importance. This study was conducted to assess the malaria parasitaemia among the residence of Abuja Municipal Area Council, FCT, in order to provide epidemiological data on malaria in the council for effective management program. A total of 200 residence within the range of 2-50 years were sampled for malaria parasitaemia using thick and thin film smears. A capillary blood sample was collected from each of the residence using finger prick technique, thick and thin blood films were prepared, stained, dried and examined for malaria parasites. The data was analyzed using simple percentages and chi-square analytical methods. The result from the study revealed an overall prevalence of 54.0% while the proportion of the residence infected were highest within the 2-10 years age-group (76.9%, P = 0.003, X2 = 8.42) followed by those in 11-20 years (65.0%) and 21-30 years (50.0%). Those in 31-40 years and 41-50 years (29-7% and 21.4%) had lowest. The highest density recorded was >10,000 parasites/ul across the positives as 2-10 years (P = 0.003, X2 = 2.22) has the highest. Malaria parasitaemia was highest among the vulnerable group 2-10 years (P = 0.003, X2 = 2.22) in the council and remain endemic. There is an urgent need to identify innovative and integrated control measures to reduce the scurge among them. Public Health education campaign against malaria infection and its agent (mosquito) should be intensified in the Council.

scholarly journals Anaemia among Egyptian adolescents: prevalence and determinants

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1017-1025
Author(s):  
F. El Sahn ◽  
S. Sallam ◽  
A. Mandif ◽  
O. Galal
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Socioeconomic Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Wide Scale

We aimed to estimate the nationwide prevalence of anaemia among adolescents in Egypt and to study possible risk factors. A cross-sectional approach was used. Blood samples were collected from 1980 adolescents for haemoglobin estimation. The overall prevalence of anaemia was 46.6%, most of which was mild or moderate, with severe cases in less than 1.0% of the sample. Gender difference was almost nonexistent. A significant inverse relationship was observed between the level of anaemia and age [especially among boys], socioeconomic level and educational level. Anaemia was more prevalent in rural areas and in Upper [southern] Egypt. Anaemia is a major public health problem among Egyptian adolescents and wide-scale public health education is warranted.

scholarly journals Review on Epidemiology and Public Health Importance of Goat Tuberculosis in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Zelalem Ayana Dibessa
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Goat Milk ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Economic Returns ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Public Health Implication ◽  
Goat Population ◽  
Etiological Agents

Small ruminant is an important and integral part of livestock in Ethiopia. Especially, goats are attractive to people of Ethiopia because of the ability to resist challenges, easily adapt to different ecological regions, and need small land to rearing and small initial capital in which poor people can engaged in the production system. In spite of the presence of large number of goat population in Ethiopia, it fails to utilize expected productivity due to many factors. Among the factors, which limit the economic returns of goats, diseases stand frontline. Tuberculosis is one the diseases that affect goats’ health and production in Ethiopia. Goat tuberculosis is a chronic disease, which is characterized by the development of granulomas, essentially in the respiratory tract and related lymph nodes, from which the mycobacteria are discharged and contaminate other susceptible animals. Goat tuberculosis has a public health implication in Ethiopia because of the farmers’ habit of consuming raw goat milk and its products, and they do have consistent or day-to-day contact with their goats. The etiological agents also transmitted to humans through the aerogenous route from those animals with active cases in the herd. The infection has been reported from several parts of different areas of the country dependent on the abattoir inspections. Therefore, attention should be given towards the control of tuberculosis in livestock; public health education on zoonotic importance of the disease or awareness creation and the national tuberculosis control needs to consider the one health approach, and further epidemiological studies should be undertaken.

scholarly journals Knowledge and practices related to bovine brucellosis transmission amongst livestock workers in Yewa, south-western Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hezekiah K. Adesokan ◽  
Peter I. Alabi ◽  
Judy A. Stack ◽  
Simeon I.B. Cadmus
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Poor Knowledge ◽  
Brucella Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Risk Practices

Brucellosis is an endemic disease in the animal population in Nigeria and of major public health importance, particularly amongst livestock workers who are ignorant of the risk of Brucella infection. Therefore, to gain insight into the knowledge and practices related to brucellosis transmission amongst livestock holders (LH) and livestock marketers (LM) in Yewa, an international livestock trading centre in south-western Nigeria, we conducted an interviewbased study using a cluster sampling technique. In all, a total of 157 respondents comprising 54 LH and 103 LM were interviewed. Two-thirds (69.5%) of the two groups had poor knowledge of brucellosis with no significant difference between them (p = 0.262). Furthermore, consumption of unpasteurised milk, uncooked meat and its products, co-habitation with animals, and poor hygiene were significant risk practices identified as possible means of transfer of Brucella infection from animals to humans amongst these livestock workers (p < 0.05). In conclusion, our findings revealed that poor knowledge and practices related to the consumption of unpasteurised or unboiled dairy products, contaminated beef, and unhygienic practices are factors that will facilitate Brucella infections amongst livestock workers in Nigeria. Therefore, there is a need for more public health enlightenment programmes, as well as implementation of brucellosis control measures in the cattle populations.

scholarly journals Patterns of Use and Knowledge about Contact Lens Wear amongst Teenagers in Rural Areas in Malaysia

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5161
Author(s):  
Bariah Mohd-Ali ◽  
Xuan Li Tan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Contact Lenses ◽  
Public Health Education ◽  
Contact Lens Wear ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Lens Wear

Background: Contact lenses (CLs) are more popular than spectacles for vision correction amongst the youth. Knowledge about the risks of wearing CLs is critical especially for those with poor access to public health education. This study investigates the patterns of use and level of knowledge about CL wear amongst teenagers living in rural areas in Selangor, Malaysia using a set of validated questionnaires. Methods: A total of 8500 self-administered questionnaires were distributed in eight selected secondary schools. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 2474 (29%) completed questionnaires were collected. The mean age of the respondents was 14.8 ± 1.5 years, and approximately 7.2% were CL wearers. The majority of the wearers were females (76.0%) and wore soft CLs (92.2%). Cosmetic purposes (58.1%) and comfort (24.6%) were the main reasons for wearing CLs. Many of the respondents purchased their lenses from optical shops (50.1%) and beauty accessory shops (15.6%), and approximately 10% did not disinfect their lenses properly. Regarding knowledge about CL care, approximately 56% of the respondents responded correctly. Conclusion: Half of the respondents do not have sufficient knowledge about the risks of wearing CLs. Thus, aggressive public health education aimed at teenagers is needed to prevent improper CL usage.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude of rural community towards the respiratory diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4071
Author(s):  
Satish Kumar B. P. ◽  
Mohammed Zuber ◽  
Anwitha Johns ◽  
Vinod Kumar V.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Chronic Lung Diseases ◽  
Study Characteristics ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Respiratory diseases are considered as one of the major public health problems in developing countries like India. Among all illness in adults, heart, cancer, diabetes and chronic lung diseases are the major cause of mortality and morbidity in India.  Since majority of the Indian population resides in rural areas, assessment of knowledge and attitude in that region regarding respiratory diseases are essential.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted using restructured and pretested questionnaire to assess the knowledge and attitude of the rural people. Descriptive statistics were used to represent the study characteristics. Chi-square test was used to assess the association among the study variables with p-value of <0.05 which was statistically significant.Results: Total 467 participants enrolled in the study out of which 39.4% were male and 60.6% were female. The mean age of the participants was 44.7±16.1 years, where majority of participants belongs to the age group 38-47 years. Overall the knowledge of the participants was found to be poor 6%, average 49.5% and good (44.5%). Statistically significant association between the literacy level and the knowledge on respiratory diseases was found.Conclusions: Although knowledge and attitude of the people towards the respiratory diseases are encouraging, there is a need for long term educational program. The findings of this study can guide the public health authorities in making and implementing decisions to reduce the health problems related to respiratory diseases.

scholarly journals Community gout management program needed for adult people in the rural area

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Ema Madyaningrum ◽  
Fitrina M. Kusumaningrum ◽  
Ratri Kusuma Wardani ◽  
Annisa Ryan Susilaningrum ◽  
Anisah Ramadhani
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
And Control

Gout is one of the non-communicable diseases that can affect the quality of life. The high prevalence of gout is apparent in Indonesian research and records in primary health services. However, adult people's needs regarding gout management programs were barely explored. The study aimed to identify the association between the character of demographics, food consumption, and prevalence of gout in the rural areas in The Sleman Regency. This study is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional approach. Samples consisting of 109 adult people were chosen by purposive sampling with inclusion criteria: 1) residents of The Jaranan sub-village, Cangkringan, Sleman, D.I. Yogyakarta Province and 2) age over 25 years old. Data was collected through a survey using questionnaires adapted from the Indonesian Basic Health Survey Questionnaire, Gout Knowledge Questionnaire (GKQ) and Gout Assessment Questionnaire (GAQ), and food frequency form. Association between gout, food consumption, and knowledge were analyzed using the chi-square test.As a result, the prevalence of gout in adult people in rural areas was 18.35%. They have limited knowledge regarding gout diagnosis, treatment, and prevention (66,97%). Half of the respondents reported consuming food with medium content of purine such as tempeh (56%) and tofu (52%), and were not well-hydrated (63.3%). There was a significant relationship between gout and hypertension and meat consumption. Respondents reported they worried about the progress of gout (>70%) they will experience. In conclusion, the prevalence of gout is high in adult people in rural areas. The adult people who did not have formal education, hypertension, and meat consumption have a significant association with gout diseases. There is a need for a gout prevention program to maintain a healthy lifestyle and healthy diet, improve gout-related knowledge and control the progress of gout disease.

Rural and urban disparities based on zip code of residence: Analyses of 834 and 2,159 patients in NCCTG N9741 and CALGB 80405 (Alliance) trials respectively.

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e16076-e16076
Author(s):  
Midhun Malla ◽  
Lucas J. Huebner ◽  
Sorbarikor Piawah ◽  
Heinz-Josef Lenz ◽  
Charles David Blanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards Models ◽  
Zip Code

e16076 Background: Median overall survival (mOS) of patients (pt) with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has improved steadily over the past two decades. However, epidemiological data suggest that cancer outcomes for rural compared to urban dwelling pts are worse. In this study, we retrospectively compared progression free survival (PFS) and OS among mCRC pts residing in urban versus rural areas enrolled in N9741 (1997-2004) and CALGB 80405 (2005-2012) clinical trials. Methods: Zip code data from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC) were used to classify pts into rural or urban dwellers. Chi-square and Kruskal Wallis analyses were used to compare the groups. Survival outcomes were evaluated using Kaplan-Meier estimates, compared by stratified log rank and cox proportional hazards models. Results: In N9741 and 80405 respectively, 217 (35%) and 521 (21%) pts resided in rural areas. Median age of mCRC pts at diagnosis was 60.5 yrs. (rural) compared to 58.6 yrs. (urban) in 80405 (P < 0.01) and 59.6 yrs. to 60.2 yrs. in N9741 (P = 0.4). In 80405, pts in rural areas were less likely to be female (35% vs 43%, P < 0.01) black (6.6% vs 15.1%, P < 0.01), unmarried (51% vs 62%, P < 0.01), and to have private insurance (PI) (45% vs 50%, P = 0.03) when compared to pts in urban areas. In N9741, gender (P = 0.8) and PI (P = 0.3) distribution was similar; pts in rural areas were less likely to be black (1.4% vs 9.1%, P < 0.01). Rural vs urban pt PFS was no different in either trial. MOS was worse in pts in rural areas when compared to urban dwellers in 80405 (Table). OS outcomes stratified based on the use of cetuximab based regimen in 80405 showed worse outcomes for pts in rural compared to urban dwellers (21.9 vs 26.3 mo. HR: 1.22 (1.03-1.44), P = 0.02). Conclusions: MCRC pts from rural areas had a significantly worse mOS when compared to pts in urban areas in 80405. Furthermore, mOS with cetuximab based regimens was 4.4 months shorter in rural pts. The observed rural vs urban dweller mOS disparities in 80405 pts justifies additional research searching for causal factors and the necessity to identify actionable approaches in order to improve pt outcomes in rural areas. Support: U10CA180821, U10CA180882, U10CA180888, UG1CA180830; Pfizer, Sanofi, BMS, Genentech, https://acknowledgments.alliancefound.org . ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT00003594, NCT00265850. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Methicillin-ResistantStaphylococcus aureus: A Public Health Issue with Economic Consequences

2007 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mireille Goetghebeur ◽  
Pierre-Alexandre Landry ◽  
Donald Han ◽  
Colin Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Cost ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Cost Driver ◽  
Cost Data ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
Public Health Issue

BACKGROUND: Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureus(MRSA) has become endemic worldwide in hospitals, and community-associated MRSA is spreading into the community at large.OBJECTIVES: To estimate the current cost of MRSA in Canada and to assess the magnitude of this public health issue.METHODS: An extensive review of the literature was conducted to gather epidemiology, health care resource utilization and cost data for MRSA in Canadian settings. The current MRSA burden was estimated using available cost data and the most recent epidemiology data.RESULTS: The rate of MRSA in Canadian hospitals increased from 0.46 to 5.90 per 1000 admissions between 1995 and 2004, while community-associated MRSA continued to spread into the community. Patients harbouring MRSA required prolonged hospitalization (average 26 days of isolation per patient), special control measures, expensive treatments and extensive surveillance. Total cost per infected MRSA patient averaged $12,216, with hospitalization being the major cost driver (81%), followed by barrier precautions (13%), antimicrobial therapy (4%) and laboratory investigations (2%). The most recent epidemiological data, combined with available cost data, suggest that direct health care cost attributable to MRSA in Canada, including cost for management of MRSA-infected and-colonized patients and MRSA infrastructure, averaged $82 million in 2004 and could reach $129 million in 2010.CONCLUSION: MRSA is a costly public health issue that needs to be tackled if the growing burden of this disease in Canadian hospitals and in the community is to be limited.

scholarly journals Accidents in Children under 5 Years in Yazd Province, Iran

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Dehghani ◽  
Sadegh Kazemi ◽  
Samaneh Mirzaei ◽  
Mohammad Reza Sadeghian
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under 5 ◽  
At Home

Introduction:Accidents are one of the most important causes of injury and death across the world, including Iran. The epidemiological data play a key role in taking effective strategic decisions for their prevention and control. This study was conducted to determine the Frequency of different types of accidents in children aged under 5 years living in Yazd province, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data on 2489 children under 5 years referred to hospitals in Yazd province were collected from March, 2015 to March, 2016, using the accidents registration forms and the related software. Chi-square test was incorporated to analyze the results using SPSS version 19. Results: The frequency of accidents in boys was 1460 (58.7%) and in girls 1029 (41.3%). Accidents occurred most frequently in April-May (n: 245, 9.8%) and the winter (n: 693, 27.8%). 93.3% of accidents occurred in the urban areas, 4.4% in the rural areas and 2.3% in outside the city and the villages. The total  number of accidents at home was 1743 (70%) and in the alleys and on the streets 495 (19%), the most frequent accident was falling (n: 743, 29.9%), followed by burns (n: 543, 21.8%) and  trauma (n: 495, 19.9%). The difference in the type of accident between different age groups was significant (P< 0.001). Conclusion: The comparatively higher frequency of falling, burn, trauma, as well as the accidents at home and in the winter indicate parents’ insufficient attention to home safety standards and their lack of adequate information about protection of children under5 years against the most common accidents of this age group. Planning for and intervention in these areas might help in reducing the accidents.

scholarly journals Combining genomic and epidemiological data to compare the transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2 lineages

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary E. Petrone ◽  
Jessica E. Rothman ◽  
Mallery I. Breban ◽  
Isabel M. Ott ◽  
Alexis Russell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
Vaccination Campaign ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Surveillance Data ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Virus Genotype ◽  
The Public ◽  
New Variant

Emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants have shaped the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic and the public health discourse around effective control measures. Evaluating the public health threat posed by a new variant is essential for appropriately adapting response efforts when community transmission is detected. However, this assessment requires that a true comparison can be made between the new variant and its predecessors because factors other than the virus genotype may influence spread and transmission. In this study, we develop a framework that integrates genomic surveillance data to estimate the relative effective reproduction number (Rt) of co-circulating lineages. We use Connecticut, a state in the northeastern United States in which the SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.526 co-circulated in early 2021, as a case study for implementing this framework. We find that the Rt of B.1.1.7 was 6-10% larger than that of B.1.526 in Connecticut in the midst of a COVID-19 vaccination campaign. To assess the generalizability of this framework, we apply it to genomic surveillance data from New York City and observe the same trend. Finally, we use discrete phylogeography to demonstrate that while both variants were introduced into Connecticut at comparable frequencies, clades that resulted from introductions of B.1.1.7 were larger than those resulting from B.1.526 introductions. Our framework, which uses open-source methods requiring minimal computational resources, may be used to monitor near real-time variant dynamics in a myriad of settings.

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