scholarly journals Lipid Profile, Haematological Assay and Tissue Histology of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Wistar Rats Administered Extracts of Vernomia amygdalina (Bitter leaf) and Gnetum africanum (okazi leaf)

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1099-1105
Author(s):  
R.B. Oshotse ◽  
M.O. Ifeanacho
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Structural Integrity ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Tissue Histology ◽  
Hepatic Histology ◽  
Haematological Indices

Diabetes mellitus is predominant in numerous nations of the world with millions of deaths directly linked to it. The utilization of plants in providing answers to this pandemic has expanded over the years. This study investigated changes in some haematological parameters and tissue histology of alloxan induced diabetic Wistar rats administered combined leaf extracts (CLE) of vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf (BI)) and gnetum africanum (okazi leaf (OK)). Aqueous extracts of bitter leaf and okazi leaf were prepared using the conventional method. Forty Wistar rats were grouped into eight of five rats each. Groups A and B were normal and diabetic control respectively, groups C to G (diabetic groups) were treated with varied mixtures of extracts of vernomia amygdalina and gnetum africanum at (10:90BI/OK), (30:70BI/OK), (50:50BI/OK), (70:30 BI/OK) and (90:10% BI/OK) ratios respectively. Group H, the diabetic control was administered the standard drug (Metformin). The animals were sacrificed on the 28th day, blood samples and liver tissue were collected for biochemical analysis and histological examination. There was a significant (p<0.05) reduction in the lipid profile of the diabetic groups (C-G) especially in triglycerides with the highest reduction in (50:50 BI/OK) combination (0.70±0.07) while the least reduction was seen in (30:70 BI/OK) combination (1.37±0.08). There were time and ratio-dependent variations in the haematological indices. Hepatic histology showed evidence of varying levels of restoration of cellular structural integrity by the combined extracts. These results suggest that the combined extracts of vernomia amygdalina and gnetum africanum could be used to manage diabetes mellitus.

scholarly journals Histopathological Studies on the Effects of Chloroform and Methanolic Extracts of Ilex kudingcha in Trypanosoma brucei Infected Albino Wistar Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 04 ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Olajoju. T. Soniran ◽  
Kalu. K. Ngele ◽  
Christopher. O. Alisa ◽  
Damilola. A. Omoboyowa ◽  
Nnabude. H. Agu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trypanosoma Brucei ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Diminazene Aceturate ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Histopathological studies of the effects of chloroform and methanolic leaf extracts of Ilex kudingcha in Trypanosoma brucei infected albino wistar rats were investigated. The toxicity and phytochemical study were also carried out using standard protocol. T. brucei infected animals were administered orally with 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. of the extracts and 3.5 mg/kg b.w. of the standard drug (diminazene aceturate). Results on acute toxicity studies (LD50) revealed no sign of lethality up to the dose of 5,000 mg/kg body weight but the liver and kidney histology of infected animals treated with 5,000 mg/kg b.w. of I. kudingcha extracts were observed to be hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic. The methanol extracts showed appreciably high in vivo anti-trypanosomal activities compared to the reference drug. Histological examination of the organs revealed serious pathological lesions in the liver of the infected animals without treatment (negative control). In the positive control animals (infected animals administered standard drug), mild multifocal aggregate of inflammatory leucocytes was observed. In the other experimental animals, no pathological lesion was observed in the liver, kidney, brain, and heart of infected animals treated with the methanolic extract and combined methanol and chloroform extracts. The effectiveness of the methanolic extract at reducing the lesions caused by the parasite is the same compared with the standard drug. Phytochemical analysis of the plant extracts showed that methanol extract contained appreciable high levels of alkaloids, saponin, tannins, phenol, and glycoside while flavonoid was not detected. Hence, the curative properties of methanolic extract of I. kudingcha as observed in the organs indicate its anti-trypanosomal properties but it should be consumed at minimal doses.

Biochemical effect of varied mixtures of extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Gnetum africanum (Okazi leaf) on alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-30
Author(s):  
M.O. Ifeanacho ◽  
R.B Oshotse
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
The Body ◽  
Blood Protein ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Vernonia Amygdalina ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Biochemical Effect ◽  
Total Blood

Diabetes mellitus is prevalent in many countries of the world, affecting all ages both in developing and developed nations. The use of plants as remedies or preventive therapies has increased over the years. The study investigated the biochemical changes caused by  combined leaf extracts of Vernonia amygdalina (bitter leaf) and Gnetum africanum (okazi leaf) on alloxan induced diabetic wistar rats.Aqueous extracts of the leaves were prepared using the conventional method.Forty male wistar rats weighing 150-180g were  grouped into eight (five rats each). Group 1 was the normal control while diabetes was induced using alloxan (160mg/ kg)in groups 2-8.Group 2 received no treatment while groups 3-7 received varied ratios of the extracts at (BI/OK|10:90%), (BI/OK|30:70%),  (BI/OK|50:50%), (BI/OK|70:30%) and (BI/OK|90:10%). Group 8 was the diabetic control treated with the standard diabetic drug (Metformin). The animals were weighed and blood glucose was determined at 7-day intervals. They were sacrificed on the 28th day and blood samples collected for serum protein, serum electrolyte, urea, creatinine, liver enzymes and markers of oxidative stress analyses.  The results showed steady increase in the body weights (g) of the rats with (BI/OK|70:30)% treated group showing the highest increase (175.40±1.28). The fasting blood sugar (mg/dl) showed timedependent reduction in all the treated diabeti groups with (BI/OK|90:10)% having the highest (56.20±1.65) reduction. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in total blood protein concentration (g/dl) in all the treated groups. The results of this study showed time and ratio dependent effect on the parameters measured. Since the two plants are staple vegetables in some countries, their utilization particularly in appropriate combinations should be encouraged. Key words: Extracts, bitter leaf, waterleaf, diabetes mellitus, biochemical parameters.

scholarly journals Effect of Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)-based diet on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in adult Wistar rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 1737-1743
Author(s):  
Patrick O. Uadia ◽  
Isaac O. Imagbovomwan ◽  
Kelly Oriakhi ◽  
Ikechi G. Eze
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Control ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Abelmoschus Esculentus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Β Cells ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes ◽  
Ad Libitum

Purpose: To evaluate the effects of an okra-based diet on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in adult Wistar rats and its mechanism of action.Methods: Wistar rats (6) were administered streptozotocin (50 mg/kg ip) after an overnight fast. Upon confirmation of diabetes mellitus, the animals were fed ad libitum for 21 days with formulated okrabased test diet in place of normal diet. The rats treated similarly with streptozotocin and fed ad libitum with the normal diet served as diabetic control while rats fed on normal diet and not treated with streptozotocin served as the negative control. Thereafter, the rats were sacrificed, fasting bloodcollected and analysed for glucose concentration and biochemical parameters. Pancreas was also excised for histopathological studies.Results: There was a significant increase in body weight, HDL-cholesterol (p< 0.05) but significant decrease in blood glucose (p < 0.05), serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-cholesterol and VLDLcholesterol concentrations in the okra-fed diabetic treated rats when compared to the diabetic control group. Furthermore, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) was significantly higher in the diabetic control, and reduced significantly when fed with okra-based diet (p < 0.05). Catalase (CAT) activity was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in diabetic control and treated group, whereas it was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in normal control rats. There was a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in reduced glutathione levels. The significant (p< 0.05) increase in malondialdehyde in the diabetic group was significantly decrease in the diabetic rats fed with okra-diet. Also serum insulin level was significantly (p < 0.05) increased and serum α amylase activity was significantly (p < 0.05) decrease in the diabetic treated rats. Histology results show that there was damage to the β cells of the pancreas in the diabetic control when compared to normal control, but rats fed okra diet was able to regenerate endocrine β cells.Conclusion: Okra-based diet lowers hyperglycaemia as well as regenerate/repair endocrine β-cells and exocrine tissues of the pancreas damage by streptozotocin Keywords: Abelmoschus esculentus, Diabetes mellitus, anti-diabetic, Insulin, α-amylase, Mechanism

scholarly journals EFFECT OF SILYMARIN ON INTESTINAL ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE LEVEL IN A RAT MODEL OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS: STREPTOZOTOCIN AND HIGH-FAT DIET TREATED WISTAR RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 304
Author(s):  
Lalitha V ◽  
Sivakumar T
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase

Objective: This research elucidated the role of silymarin on intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) level in type 2 diabetic rats.Methods: The type 2 diabetes mellitus was induced by a high-fat diet (HFD - 58% calories fat) for 2 weeks, and rats were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) 35 mg/kg. Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Group I served as a non-diabetic (normal), Group II served as diabetic, Group III diabetic animals treated glibenclamide 600 μg/kg for 14 days, and Group IV diabetic animal treated with glibenclamide and silymarin 50 mg/kg/twice/d for 14 days. At the end of the study, blood glucose, lipid profile, and IAP level were measured.Results: A significant decrease in IAP, elevated levels of blood glucose, and lipid profile was seen in diabetic rats when compared with normal. The silymarin treatment showed a significant increase in IAP level, a significant reduction in glucose and lipid profile than diabetic rats.Conclusion: The present study concludes that silymarin treatment enhances the IAP levels which protect against hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and vascular complications in diabetic rats.

scholarly journals Effect of the combination of Leptadenia hastata (pers) decne and Momordica balsamina linn leaf extracts on lipid profile of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nafisatu Kabir ◽  
Umar Ismail Alhaji ◽  
Dorcas Bolanle James ◽  
Hajia Mairo Inuwa ◽  
Muhammad Kano Atiku
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Lipid Level ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Leaf Extracts

Abstract Background Changes in blood lipid level (dyslipidemia) play a central role in the onset and pathogenesis of macrovascular complications of diabetes mellitus. Traditional herbal healers commonly use anti-diabetic polyherbal formulations to provide a multi-therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its associated complications. The effect of the aqueous leaf extracts of Leptadenia hastata (pers) Decne, Momordica balsamina Linn and their combination on lipid profile of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats was therefore evaluated in the present study. Results We evaluated the serum lipid profile and blood glucose level of STZ-induced diabetic rats (60 mg/kg body weight) treated with the aqueous leaf extracts of L. hastata (400 mg/kg) and M. balsamina (200 mg/kg) alone and in combination (400 + 200 mg/kg) after a period of 4 weeks. A significantly decreased (p < 0.05) level of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and increased (p < 0.05) level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was observed in all the treated groups when compared to the untreated diabetic rats. Furthermore, the combination treatment was potentially a more effective blood lipid-lowering (p < 0.05) agent when compared to the single treatments. Conclusion Results from this study demonstrated the blood lipid-lowering potential of the aqueous leaf extracts of L. hastata, M. balsamina, and their combination. However, the polyherbal combination could be more potent in controlling diabetes mellitus, associated dyslipidemia, and its complications.

scholarly journals Effect of Black Garlic Extract on Blood Glucose, Lipid Profile, and SGPT-SGOT of Wistar Rats Diabetes Mellitus Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87
Author(s):  
Gita Sekar Prihanti ◽  
Faradilla Isnaini ◽  
Rieka Yudistia ◽  
Alifa Faradilla ◽  
Masita Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Garlic Extract

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF ZANTHOXYLUM OVALIFOLIUM LEAF EXTRACTS

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
ARUN K. ◽  
VIRUPAKSHA J. H.
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Antidiabetic Activity ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Histopathological Studies

Objective: The present study was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic activity of ethanolic and aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium on alloxan induced diabetic rat model in rats. Methods: The leaves of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium were evaluated for antidiabetic activity by using alloxan induced diabetic model in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (100 mg/kg) and rats were treated orally with test extracts, standard drug (glibenclamide 5 mg/kg) and vehicle for 21 d. The hypoglycemic effects and lipid profile of diabetic rats were assessed using diagnostic kits. Finally, histopathological studies were carried out for pancreas. Results: The acute toxicity studies revealed at the dose of 2000 mg/kg (b. w) of Zanthoxylum ovalifolium for ethanol and aqueous extract were found to be safe. A significant reduction (p<0.001) in blood glucose was observed in diabetic rats treated with different doses of extracts compared to untreated diabetic rats. The drug possesses a good hyperlipidemic effect by normalizing the lipid parameters. This was evidenced by histopathological studies; both glibenclamide and 400 mg/kg of Ethanolic extract does appear to be regulated diabetes at the cellular level, resulting in the restoration of near normal architecture pancreatic islet of langerhans. Conclusion: It can be concluded from our research findings that ethanolic and aqueous extract of Zanthoxylum ovalifoliumat high dose (400 mg/kg) exhibited significant antihyperglycemic activity than extract at low dose (200 mg/kg) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. These extracts also showed improvement in parameters like lipid profile as well as regeneration β-cells in the pancreas and so might be of value in diabetes treatment.

scholarly journals Hypoglycemic, Hypolipidemic and Antioxidant Activities of Ocimum gratissimum Leaf Extract on Diabetic Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-40
Author(s):  
Na’ima Musa Sani ◽  
Abdulhamid Abubakar ◽  
Nwagu Jude
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ocimum Gratissimum ◽  
Pancreatic Islets Of Langerhans

Aims: Ocimum gratissimum is a medicinal plant that has been traditionally used in the management of many diseases including diabetes mellitus. The aim of this research was to evaluate hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities of Ocimum gratissimum leaf extracts on diabetic rats. Study Design: Mention the design of the study here. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Between february 2021 and June 2021. Methodology: The phytochemical screening was carried out using standard procedures. The extract was administered orally (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, for 21 days) to alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Hypoglycemic effects, change in body weight, lipid profile and antioxidant activities of diabetic rats treated with the extract were assessed and compared with normal, diabetic control and standard drug treated rats. Histological examination of the pancreas during 21 days of treatment was also carried out. Results: The extract produced a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose level in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Significant differences were also observed in body weights, serum lipid profile and levels of antioxidant vitamins and enzymes of Ocimum gratissimum methanol extract treated diabetic rats, when compared with diabetic, normal and standard drug treated rats. Histopathological studies of the pancreas showed comparable regeneration of the cells by extract which were earlier necrosed by alloxan. Methanol leaf extract of Ocimum gratissimum exhibit significant hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities in alloxan-induced diabetes in rats. The extract could be further processed towards the management of diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: Ocimum gratissimum extract showed a promising good hypoglycemic effect, the extracts also exhibit hypolipidemic and antioxidant activities on diabetic rats. There was regeneration of pancreatic islets of Langerhans. Therefore at acute dose the extracts can serve as an alternative in the management of diabetes mellitus.

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