scholarly journals Effects Of Maytenus senegalensis (L) and Cassia alata (L) Extracts on the Liver Enzymes of Albino Rats, Infected with Schistosomes Cercariae

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (7) ◽  
pp. 1173-1178
Author(s):  
G.A. Domo ◽  
S.L. Kela ◽  
S.M. Panda ◽  
A.B. Samaila
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Maytenus Senegalensis ◽  
Alkaline Phosphate

This reaearch aim was to evaluate some liver enzymes of albino rats subjected to administration of methanol and water extracts of Maytenus senegalensis and Cassia alata after infection with schistosome cercariae. As curative agents, the extracts were well tolerated by rats. The total protein (69.0-77.9g/l and 71.8- 79.1g/l) for methanolic extracts of and (64.3-74.3g/l and 70.3- 77.5g/l) for water extracts for M. senegalensis and C. alata respectively. The Alkaline phosphate values range from (145-226iu/l and 189-207iu/l) for methanol and (143-234iu/l and195-207iu/l) for water as for M. senegalensis and C. alata extracts. The Aspartate aminotransferase values were (7.7-8.7iu/l) for M. senegalensis and (8.0- 8.6iu/l) for C. alata with methanol extraxts and (7.1-8.8iu/l) for M. senegalensis and (8.4-8.9iu/) for C. alata water extracts. The Alkaline aminotransferase values range from (5.1-6.3iu/l) for M. senegalensis and (3.5-6.4iu/l) for C. alata in methanol and (4.2-6.3iu/l) for M. senegalensis and (4.1-6.4iu/l for C. alata with water extracts. The Total Bilirubin values of both methanol and water extracts for M. senegalensis (6.3-18.9μm/l) and (9.0-12.7μm/l) for C. alata and (4.2-6.3μm/l) for M. senegalensis and (4.1-6.4μm/l) for C. alata respectively were all within the normal values. This indicates that all these extracts were well tolerated. However the 9g/kg body weight of the water leaf extracts, although having normal values were toxic to other organs such as the lungs.

scholarly journals BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF CHRONIC CONSUMPTION OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE ON LIVER OF WISTAR ALBINO RATS

2021 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
SURENDRA BABU THANGACHI ◽  
VARSHA SRIRAM MOKHASI ◽  
SHABINA KOMATH CHENOLY
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Monosodium Glutamate ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if there were any harmful effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on the liver of Wistar albino rats chronically at three different doses, namely, low, mid, and high doses equivalent to human consumption doses in developing countries. Methods: The Wistar albino rats (n=24) were divided into four groups, namely control, Low dose MSG (180 mg/kg), Mid dose MSG (360 mg/kg), and High dose MSG (720 mg/kg). At the end of the experimental period (120 days), animal blood was collected retro-orbitally to analyze the liver enzymes such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Total protein, Albumin, and Total Bilirubin in blood serum. Lipid profiles, namely, Triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and Total cholesterol were subjected to analysis using blood serum. Results: Significant increase (p<0.05) in AST, ALT, ALP, and total bilirubin in serum of MSG induced low, mid, and high dose groups when compared to control group were recorded. There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in LDL, decrease in HDL, increase in total cholesterol and triglycerides of MSG-induced animal groups. Conclusion: The effects of MSG on serum liver enzymes and lipid profiles in this present animal study were not severely alarming even though the dosage was chronic which opens further discussion on the controversies revolving around MSG.

scholarly journals Effect of Sesbania grandiflora Linn leaf extracts on diuresis in wistar rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 1305
Author(s):  
Krishnakanth K. ◽  
Pojala Kumar ◽  
Neeraja K. ◽  
Chakrapani Cheekavolu
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Urine Volume ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Diuretic Action ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Sesbania Grandiflora ◽  
Saluretic Activity

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effect of sesbania grandiflora linn leaf extracts on diuretic activity in wistar rats.Methods: Healthy male wistar albino rats divided into 9 groups and weighing 150-200gm.diuretic activity was expressed by Natriuretic activity, saluretic activity, carbonic anhydrase inhibition, Diuretic index or Diuretic action, saluretic index, Natriuretic index. Animalgroups are divided into: group1 treated as control, 2and 3 treated as standards, group 4, 5 and 6 treated with aqueous leaf extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn. in different doses of 150,300,450mg/kg. Group 7,8and 9 treated with methanolic leaf extract of Sesbania grandiflora Linn. Doses of 150,300,450mg/kg.Results: No change in body weight group treated with AE-150 (p>0.05) with AE-150 (0.1%), increase in urine volume with increasing doses both with aqueous and methanolic extracts, sodium excretion with methanolic extract was high compared with the aqueous extract, significant increase in potassium excretion in both aqueous and methanolic extract treated groups.All the statistical tests were done by using SPSS version 6. The level of significance was 5% (p≤0.05).Conclusions: All the electrolytes concentration was increased in the urine, hence excluding osmotic diuretic action. Diuretic index, saluretic activity, saluretic index and natriuretic index of ME-450 were more than the value of hydrochlorothiazide hence excludes thiazide diuretic action. But these values were less than furosemide.

In vivo anti-inflammatory effect and toxicological screening of Maytenus heterophylla and Maytenus senegalensis extracts

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 693-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. da Silva ◽  
M. Taniça ◽  
J. Rocha ◽  
R. Serrano ◽  
ET Gomes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Toxicity Screening ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Maytenus Senegalensis ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Maytenus heterophylla (Eckl & Zeyh.) Robson and Maytenus senegalensis (Lam). Exell are two African medicinal plants used to treat painful and inflammatory diseases. We evaluated the in vivo (per os) anti-inflammatory activity of M. heterophylla leaf, stem and root extracts and of M. senegalensis leaf and stem extracts. Additionally, we assessed their in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicities. Anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extracts were determined in Wistar albino rats, by the carrageenan-induced paw oedema method. Acute and sub-acute toxicity screening of the extracts was evaluated in adult male CD-6 mice. Leaf extracts of M. heterophylla and M. senegalensis exhibited significant anti-inflammatory activity (120 mg/kg, per os), reducing oedema by 51% and 35%, respectively. While M. heterophylla extracts at 1200 mg/kg have shown to be non-toxic, M. senegalensis extracts indicated some toxicity. Our results show a significant anti-inflammatory effect of both M. heterophylla and M. senegalensis leaf extracts in a local model of acute inflammation and suggest the absence of acute and sub-acute toxicity signs of the M. heterophylla leaf extract (but not of M. senegalensis). Ongoing studies will surely shed some light into the mechanism of action of this active extract and establish its chemical fingerprint.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of Different Organic Extracts of Achyranthes Aspera and Cassia Alata

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Alam ◽  
M. M. Karim ◽  
Shakila N. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Cassia Alata ◽  
Achyranthes Aspera ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Organic Extracts ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition

Extracts in organic solvents (namely methanol, ethanol, ethyl acetate and chloroform) of two medicinal plants - Achyranthes aspera and Cassia alata were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Vibrio cholerae, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus. These were carried out by taking the organic extracts of both the leaf and stem parts of the plants at a concentration of 5 mg/ml and their activities were recorded by estimating zones of inhibition as produced by disc-diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar media. While neither the leaf nor stem parts of A. aspera in any organic extractions showed antibacterial activity, the methanolic extracts of both the leaf and stem parts of C. alata exhibited antibacterial activity, but only to B. subtilis and S. typhi, and the corresponding MIC values of the leaf extracts were estimated as 1.25 and 1.5 mg/ml respectively. However, the ethanolic extracts of both the stem and leaf parts were found equally effective only to S. aureus (MIC= 1.25 mg/ml). The corresponding MBC values are reported. Keywords: Achyranthes aspera; Cassia alata; Antibacterial.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i2.2298  

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective Effect of Pancha Lavana Dravagam Against Paracetamol induced Hepatotoxicity in Wistar Albino Rats - An in-Vivo Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
G. Kaaruniya ◽  
A. Mariappan ◽  
V. Suba ◽  
R. Meenakumari
Keyword(s):  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Hepatoprotective Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats ◽  
Serum Glutamate

Objective: To evaluate the liver protective effect of Pancha Lavana Dravagam (PLD) against Paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in wistar albino rat models. Methods: The hepatoprotective activity of PLD was evaluated using paracetamol induced liver damage in rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into five groups of six animals each. Paracetamol 1gm/kg bw, p.o. was given to produce liver toxicity. The normal control was given the vehicle (water 1ml/kg bw, p.o). Two test groups with PLD 1ml/kg, 2ml/kg bw, p.o. were tested for hepatoprotective potential. Silymarin 50mg/kg bw, p.o. was given as standard drug. All these drugs were administered for 7 days. On 8th day, the animals were sacrificed and blood was collected from retro-orbital plexus and analyzed for serum enzymes like Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (SGPT), Serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (SGOT), Serum Alanine Phosphate (ALP), Total Bilirubin, Total Proteins and liver was excised for histopathological analysis. Results: In toxicant control group, paracetamol produced liver toxicity due to decrease in glutathione (GSH) by oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction of hepatic cells. It resulted in an increase of serum liver enzymes like SGPT, SGOT, ALP and Total Bilirubin. This increased serum liver enzymes were reduced significantly in the test drug PLD treated groups and Standard group. The histology of liver tissues was also improved in PLD treated groups when compared to the toxicant group. Conclusion: Since, no scientific evidence is available to claim the hepatoprotective effect of PLD, in vivo studies were conducted. It demonstrated that it has a potent hepatoprotective effect against the paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity by suppression of the reactive oxygen species and increasing the anti-oxidant glutathione in liver cells.

scholarly journals Hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of ethanolic leaves extract of Avicennia marina against alcohol-induced liver toxicity in rats

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4-A) ◽  
pp. 403-408
Author(s):  
K Vellimalai ◽  
G Dinesh Kumar ◽  
K Jayaseelan
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Test Plant ◽  
Basic Source

Plants play an important role in the life of human, as the major source of food, as well as for the maintenance and improvement of health and for the elimination of the enemies since ages. Plants are the basic source of knowledge of modern medicine. The present study was conducted to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of ethanolic leaves extract  of Avicennia marina are evaluated in alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Silymarin (100mg/kg) was given as reference standard. The ethanolic leaves extract  of Avicennia marina have shown very significant hepatoprotection against alcohol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats in reducing SGOT, SGPT, Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and GGT and levels of total bilirubin and total protein were investigated and showed an increase in alcohol induced rats when compared to control. The extracts of the test plant exhibited significant (p < 0.01) hepatoprotective activity against the alcohol induced liver models by improving liver function which was indicated by reduction in the levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, GGT, total bilirubin and total protein. Keywords: Avicennia marina, Hepatoprotective, Liver Enzymes, Silymarin

scholarly journals Assessment of Antioxidant Effects of Aqueous, Ethanolic and Methanolic Extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. Stapf., Leaves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Marcella Tari Joshua ◽  
Edna O. Nwachuku ◽  
N. Boisa ◽  
Nsirim Nduka
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Antioxidant Effects

Aim: The aim of this study was therefore to assess the antioxidant effects of aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. Stapf., Leaves in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Study Design:  The study is an experimental case-controlled study. Place and Duration of Study: This study was carried out at the Biochemistry Research Laboratory, University of Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria, between June 2018-April 2019. Methodology: A total of 65 male albino rats that weighed between 150g to 200g were used for this research study. Three different extracted solvents; aqueous, ethanolic and methanolic leaves extracts were administered to different groups of the rats. The male albino rats for this study were induced with a single dose of 40mg/kg b.wt, intraperitoneally of streptozotocin in 0.1M of citrate buffer, pH 4.5. The diabetic male rats were those whose fasting blood glucose (FBG) were from 250 mg/dl or 13 mmol/L and above. Results: The results showed that there were significant increases in the levels of superoxide dismutase(SOD,411.8±1.49) ng/ml, total antioxidant status (TAS,75.25±0.42) mU/ml, total oxidant status (TOS,353.51± 6.07) mU/ml activity, an oxidative stress index of 4.69±0.05 and a reduced concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA of 19.0± 1.49 mmol/L) when rats were treated with 400mg/kg of aqueous leaves of Morus mesozygia Linn. S., when compared with those of rats treated with 200mg/kg of aqueous leaf extracts of MMLS. Other methods of extractions (methanolic and ethanolic), also improved the antioxidant statuses of the diabetes induced and treated rats. Conclusion: Methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of Morus mesozygia Linn. S ameliorated oxidative stress, in Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, with the methanolic extract showing the most potent effect.

scholarly journals Determination of Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Activities of Leaves and Stems from Jatropha cinerea (Ortega) Müll. Arg and Jatropha cordata (Ortega) Müll. Arg

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 212
Author(s):  
Yeimi Cecilia Vega-Ruiz ◽  
Corina Hayano-Kanashiro ◽  
Nohemí Gámez-Meza ◽  
Luis Angel Medina-Juárez
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Methanolic Extracts ◽  
Northwestern Region ◽  
High Concentrations

Jatropha species have been shown to be an important source of secondary metabolites with different biological effects. Jatropha cinerea (Ortega) Müll. Arg and Jatropha cordata (Ortega) Müll. Arg are distributed in the Northwestern region of Mexico, are adapted to extreme weather conditions and are widely used (stems, leaves, and sap) in traditional medicine. The aim of the present study was to carry out the phytochemical characterization and the evaluation of the antioxidant activity in methanolic extracts of stems and leaves from J. cinerea and J. cordata. The compounds present in the extracts of both species were characterized by ESI-IT-MS/MS and quantified by HPLC-DAD. The results showed that the stem extracts of both species are rich in phenolic acids, while the leaf extracts are rich in flavonoids. Some of the main compounds found were gallic acid, gentisic acid, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic acid, vitexin, isovitexin, and catechol. Both species showed high concentrations of phenols and total flavonoids and antioxidant activity. J. cordata showed the highest antioxidant capacity and the highest concentration of phenolic compounds. Overall, both Jatropha species are a natural source of antioxidant compounds with potential biotechnological uses.

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