scholarly journals Supplementation of Holstein dairy calves fed two levels of crude protein with methionine and lysine

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 442-451
Author(s):  
M. Niroumand ◽  
K. Rezayazdi ◽  
M. Ganjkhanlou
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Reduced Body ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Amino Acid Balance ◽  
Immunoglobin G ◽  
Daily Gain

This study aimed to investigate various levels of crude protein (CP) in starter diets and their supplementation with amino acids (AAs) on efficiency, health, and serum metabolites of dairy calves. Ninety-six newborn Holstein calves were allocated to eight treatments, namely T1) 18% CP unsupplemented starter, T2) T1 supplemented with additional 20% methionine, T3) T1 with additional 20% lysine and 20% methionine, T4) T1 with additional 20% lysine, T5) 22% CP unsupplemented starter, T6) T5 supplemented with additional 20% methionine, T7) T5 supplemented with additional 20% lysine and 20% methionine, and T8) T5 supplemented with additional 20% lysine. Consumption of the starter was not influenced by the level of CP. Calves that received the unsupplemented 22% CP starter had higher average daily gain (ADG) and final weight. But no significant differences among diets were found in feed efficiency. Skeletal growth did not exhibit a clear trend. Calves that received T3 had fewer bouts of diarrhea and reduced body temperature. However, there were no significant dietary effects on immunoglobin G (IgG) or total protein concentration in blood. T1–T3 decreased serum urea concentration. Thus, use of T3 resulted in an improved amino acid balance, and was less expensive than the 22% CP starter.Keywords: amino acid, feed intake, immunity, pre-ruminant calf

Effects of linseed oil and rumen undegradable protein:rumen degradable protein ratio on performance of Holstein dairy calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 123 (11) ◽  
pp. 1247-1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kazemi-Bonchenari ◽  
M. Dehghan-Banadaky ◽  
F. Fattahnia ◽  
A. Saleh-Bahmanpour ◽  
M. Jahani-Moghadam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Linseed Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Degradable Protein

AbstractThe present study evaluated the interaction effects of n-3 fatty acids (from linseed oil (LSO), 0 v. 2·5, % DM basis) with rumen undegradable:degradable protein (RUP:RDP) ratios (low ratio (LR) 27:73; high ratio (HR) 38:62 based on crude protein %) in dairy calves’ starter diet. Forty-eight 3-d-old female Holstein dairy calves (41·5 kg of body weight (BW)) were allocated in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangements in the following treatments (n 12 calves/each): (1) no supplementation of LSO with LR (NLSO-LR); (2) no supplementation of LSO with HR (NLSO-HR); (3) supplementation of LSO with LR (LSO-LR) and (4) supplementation of LSO with HR (LSO-HR). The calves were weaned on day 53 of the experiment and remained in the study until day 73. Intake was not affected by LSO and RUP:RDP ratio. However, average daily gain (ADG) was improved with LSO supplementation. Feeding the HR diet increased ADG compared with the LR diet during the entire period. Final BW was greater in calves fed on the LSO than those fed the NLSO diet. Microbial protein production did not differ among treatments. Calves fed on LSO diets had greater feed efficiency than those which were not fed on LSO diets. The calves supplemented with LSO had greater wither and hip heights compared with the unsupplemented calves. The glucose, cholesterol, HDL and insulin concentrations increased in calves supplemented with LSO. In conclusion, the HR diet improved calves’ performance post-weaning; however, LSO could enhance growth performance of dairy calves during the pre-weaning period.

Effect of Ca-butyrate and Oleobiotec (a flavouring agent) supplemented starter on the performance of Holstein dairy calves

2015 ◽  
Vol 153 (8) ◽  
pp. 1506-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. DAVARMANESH ◽  
M. H. FATHI NASRI ◽  
A. R. KALANTARI FIROUZABAD ◽  
M. B. MONTAZER-TORBATI
Keyword(s):  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Trial Period ◽  
Dairy Calf ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Calf Performance ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYThe effect on performance of adding calcium (Ca)-butyrate and Oleobiotec (a flavouring agent) additives to dairy calf starter diet was investigated. Thirty-two newborn Holstein calves (16 males and 16 females) were used in a completely randomized design with four treatments as: (1) diet with no additives, (2) diet containing Ca-butyrate, (3) diet containing Oleobiotec and (4) diet containing Ca-butyrate plus Oleobiotec. Milk of calves was supplemented with additives in the first 20 days of the study and then additives were top-dressed into the starter. Calcium-butyrate had no effect on starter and alfalfa intake during pre-weaning, post-weaning and over the whole trial period but it significantly increased the average daily gain and feed efficiency of calves during post-weaning and the whole trial period. Adding Oleobiotec did not change calf performance significantly. Furthermore, no synergistic effect of experimental additives on calf performance was observed.

scholarly journals PROTEIN AND AMINO ACID LEVELS AND SEQUENCE IN SWINE DIETS: EFFECTS ON GAIN, FEED CONVERSION, AND CARCASS CHARACTERISTICS

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. B. PIERCE ◽  
J. P. BOWLAND
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Intake Rate ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Yorkshire Pigs ◽  
Amino Acid Balance ◽  
Protein Diets ◽  
Daily Gain

Two experiments with a total of 176 pigs were conducted to assess the effects of dietary protein level and amino acid balance on performance of starting, growing, and finishing pigs and carcass quality at market weight. Diets offered in the three stages of growth contained 20, 17, or 14% protein, 14% protein + 0.2% L-lysine HCl (L), or 14% protein + L + 0.1% DL-methionine (M). Feed intake, average daily gain, and feed conversion were inferior in the starting period for pigs fed the 14% protein diet, with less effect as the pigs aged. A compensatory feed conversion effect in later growth stages was observed in pigs fed 14% protein diets throughout. However, age to market averaged 2–3 weeks longer for pigs fed the 14% protein sequence throughout compared with other treatments. L or L plus M supplements improved feed intake, rate of gain, and feed conversion, with less effect as the pigs aged. The sequences of 20, 17, 14; 20, 14, 14; or 17, 17, 17% protein resulted in an average overall daily gain of 0.70 kg. Digestible energy and nitrogen coefficients were not influenced by diet, breed, or sex. In experiment 1, treatment had no effect on carcass measurements but in experiment 2, loin area was reduced in pigs fed 14% protein diets throughout and was improved with amino acid supplements. Although gilts generally had lower feed intakes and slower gains than barrows, they had equal feed conversion and superior carcasses. Hampshire × Yorkshire pigs gained more slowly but had superior carcasses in comparison with Landrace × Yorkshire pigs in experiment 2. The experiments demonstrate that there is considerable flexibility allowable in levels and sequence of protein that may be fed during starting, growing, and finishing periods to allow similar performance of market pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of acidified milk feeding on the intake, average daily gain and fecal microbiological diversity of Holsten dairy calves

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1265-1272
Author(s):  
Yong Chen ◽  
Yan Gao ◽  
Shuxin Yin ◽  
Shuai Zhang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Holstein Calves ◽  
Similar Body ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Total Bacteria ◽  
Milk Feeding

Objective: To evaluate the effect of feeding acidified milk on the growth and fecal microbial diversity of dairy calves.Methods: Twenty healthy 3-day-old female Holstein calves with similar body weights were selected and randomly divided into two groups. One group was fed pasteurized milk (PM, Control), while the other was fed acidified milk (AM) <i>ad libitum</i> until weaned (day 60). The experiment lasted until day 180.Results: There was no difference in the nutritional components between PM and AM. The numbers of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and total bacteria in AM were lower than in PM. At 31 to 40 and 41 to 50 days of age, the milk intake of calves fed AM was higher than that of calves fed PM (p<0.05), and the solid feed intake of calves fed AM was higher than that of calves fed PM at 61 to 90 days (p<0.05). The average daily gain of calves fed AM was also higher than that of calves fed PM at 31 to 60, 61 to 180, and 7 to 180 days (p<0.05). The calves fed AM tended to have a lower diarrhea rate than those fed PM (p = 0.059). <i>Bacteroides</i> had the highest abundance in the feces of calves fed AM on day 50, while <i>Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005</i> had the highest abundance in the feces of calves fed AM on day 90 and calves fed PM on days 50 and 90. At the taxonomic level, the linear discriminant analysis scores of 27 microorganisms in the feces of calves fed AM and PM on days 50 and 90 were higher than 4.0.Conclusion: Feeding AM increased calf average daily gain and affected fecal bacterial diversity.

280 Descriptive Characteristics of Preweaned Heifer Raising Practices on China Dairy Farms: Colostrum Quality, Passive Transfer Status and Growth Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
Shuai Liu ◽  
Tianyu Chen ◽  
Jiaqi Li ◽  
Wenli Guo ◽  
Rong Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Passive Transfer ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Average Birth Weight ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Report System ◽  
Few Data ◽  
Daily Gain

Abstract Few data are available on the descriptive characteristics of colostrum quality, passive transfer status and growth performance within a national population in China. This study included 110 dairy operations in 23 provinces, and data were obtained from management software, report system and questionnaires from 2015 to 2019. Data were analyzed using SAS (version 9.0, SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The results showed that colostrum quality was measured in 96.4% of farms and colostrum was pasteurized in 91.8% of farms. 83.6% of colostrum was excellent (Brix &gt; 22%). Colostrum could be fed to calves within 1 hour after birth in 86.4% of farms. Besides, calves that experienced failure of passive transfer (serum total protein &lt; 5.2 g/dl) decreased from 2015 to 2019 and accounted for 0.75% of calves in 2019. Most farms (48.8%) feed 400 kg - 600 kg milk during the preweaning period and whole milk was the main type of liquid diet accounting for 70.6% of farms. Meanwhile, 22.0% of farms chose to feed forage before weaning, and 90.1% of these farms fed oat hay. The average birth weight of calves was 37.8 kg and the average daily gain of preweaning calves was 848.3 g/d. For preweaning calves, the proportion of single housing was more than 60%, whereas postweaning calves were mainly raised in groups. The morbidity of preweaning calves in China decreased annually, from 43.3% in 2015 to 25.4% in 2019. Digestive diseases and respiratory diseases were two main diseases, and accounted for 46.0% and 38.4%, respectively. This study provides an overview on dairy calves raising practices in China.

The use of compositional growth curves for assessing the response to dietary lysine by high-lean growth gilts

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. G. Friesen ◽  
J. L. Nelssen ◽  
R. D. Goodband ◽  
M. D. Tokach ◽  
A. P. Schinckel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Growth Curves ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Lean Growth ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Limiting Amino Acid ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Separate Regression

AbstractGrowth modelling was used to characterize the response to digestible lysine in two experiments (114 gilts in experiment 1 and 96 gilts in experiment 2) from 34 to 72·5 kg and 72·5 to 136 kg, respectively. Maize-soya-bean meal diets were formulated to assure that lysine (5·4 to 10·4 and 5·4 to 9·4 g digestible lysine per kg for experiments 1 and 2, respectively) was the first limiting amino acid. Analysis of variance was used to test linear and quadratic responses in cumulative weight gain on test as digestible lysine increased. A time × digestible lysine interaction (linear, P < 0·001) was detected, indicating that a separate regression equation for each lysine level was necessary. In experiment 1, average daily gain (ADG) and carcass crude protein (CP) accretion were maximized for gilts given 10·4, 9·4 and 8·4 g digestible lysine per kg from 34 to 44 kg, 44 to 54 kg, and 54 to 72·5 kg, respectively. Lipid accretion was minimized for gilts given 7·4 to 8·4 g digestible lysine per kg. In experiment 2, ADG was maximized by feeding 8·4 g/kg from 72·5 to 92·5 kg and 7·4 g/kg from 92·5 to 136 kg. Carcass CP accretion was maximized by feeding 9·4 g digestible lysine per kg, whereas lipid accretion was minimized for gilts given 8·4 g digestible lysine per kg from 72·5 to 136 kg. If feeding graded levels of digestible lysine resulted in parallel lines for protein accretion, mean values would result in accurate data evaluation. However, responses to digestible lysine changed over the feeding period. Therefore, the use of body weight and compositional growth curves offers an approach to more accurately characterize the growing pig's response to increased digestible lysine.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Suplementasi Ampas Tahu, Ampas Tempe dan Ampas Kecap dalam Ransum Terhadap Performan Domba Lokal Jantan

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Eka Handayanta
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Soy Sauce ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Daily Gain

<p class="Style2"><em>The aim of this research to determine the effect of supplementation of tofu. </em><em>tempe, and soy sauce waste in ration on male local sheep performance. This </em><em>research was carried out during three month, take place on July until October </em><em>200E in Minifarm Dept. of Animal Science, Agriculture Faculty of Sebelas Maret </em><em>University, located in Jatikuwung. Gondangrejo, Karanganyar. It used </em><em>12 </em><em>male </em><em>local sheeps with average body weight of </em><em>15.86 ±0.93 </em><em>kg, divided into four treatments and three replications, each replication consist of one sheep.</em><em> </em><em>The ration consisted of king grass only as basal diet, </em><em>as many as four percent </em><em>base on body weight. The treatment given is in the form of feed supplement, that </em><em>namely without supplement </em><em>(RO), </em><em>250 </em><em>gram tofu waste (R1), </em><em>250 </em><em>gram tempe </em><em>waste </em><em>(R2), and </em><em>250 </em><em>gram soy sauce waste </em><em>(R3). </em><em>The data variables collected </em><em>were </em><em>feed consumption, dry and organic matter digestibility, crude protein </em><em>consumption, energy consumption, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio. </em><em>All of data except average daily gain was analyzed by completely randomized </em><em>design one way classification. While average daily gain was analyzed by </em><em>covariance analyze. The result were significant followed by Duncan new multiple </em><em>range test.</em><em> </em><em>The result showed that average of </em><em>R0, RI, </em><em>R2 and </em><em>R3 </em><em>for feed consumption </em><em>430.52; 720.44; 704.44; 549.08 </em><em>gram/day, dry matter digestibility (%) </em><em>61,07; 72,46; 69,68: 63,60, organic matter digestibility (%) </em><em>64,41: 74,94; 72.41; 64,7 1, </em><em>crude protein consumption 47.66; 106.77; 85.83; 73.70 gram/day, energy consumption </em><em>281.82; 482.65; 432.67; 330.83 </em><em>gram/day, average daily gain </em><em>50.00.</em><em><sup>­</sup></em><em>1X00: 116.19; 38.10 </em><em>gram/day and feed conversion ratio </em><em>8.74; 5.61; 6.06; 15.2. </em><em>The result of variance analyze showed that feed supplementation have highly </em><em>significant effect (P&lt;0.01) on all of the data variable colected. Conclusion of this </em><em>research was supplementation of tofu waste and tempe waste could improved </em><em>performance, while soy sauce waste could not improved the performance of male </em><em>local sheep.</em></p><p><em> </em></p><em>Key words : sheep, tofu waste, tempe waste, soy sauce waste, performance</em>

Growth performance and carcass traits of Large White, Mukota and Large White ✕ Mukota F1crosses given graded levels of maize cob meal

2004 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Kanengoni ◽  
K. Dzama ◽  
M. Chimonyo ◽  
J. Kusina ◽  
S. M. Maswaure
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Maize Cob ◽  
Rate Of Decline ◽  
Daily Gain

AbstractA study was conducted to compare the performance of Mukota, Large White (LW) and LW ✕ Mukota F1pigs given increasing levels of maize cob meal. Sixteen female weaners of each genotype were given, ad libitum, diets containing 0, 100, 200 and 300 g maize cob meal per kg of diet for 14 weeks. The diets were designed to contain similar levels of protein (ca. 160 g crude protein per kg) and energy (ca. 9 MJ metabolizable energy per kg). Average daily food intake per unit metabolic body weight (ADFI per kg M0·75), average daily gain (ADG) and food conversion ratio (FCR) were determined. The pigs were slaughtered and cold dressed mass (CDM) and backfat thickness were determined for each pig. The ADFI per kg M0·75was similar among the four diets for the three genotypes. The rate of decline in ADG was higher (P < 0·05) in the LW than in the other two genotypes. The FCR in the Mukota was poorer (P < 0·05) than that in the LW and the F1crosses. The Mukota had the highest (P < 0·05) backfat thickness (K5 and K7·5) values of the three genotypes across the four diets, followed by the F1crosses. The CDM values for the LW and the F1crosses were similar and were higher (P < 0·05) than those for the Mukota. The findings indicate that F1crosses and the Mukota were better able to utilize diets containing high levels of maize cob meal than LW pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of the Source of Zinc on the Tissue Accumulation of Zinc and Jejunal Mucosal Zinc Transporter Expression in Holstein Dairy Calves

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fengtao Ma ◽  
Yeqianli Wo ◽  
Hongyang Li ◽  
Meinan Chang ◽  
Jingya Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Serum Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Zinc Accumulation ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Daily Gain ◽  
Transporter Expression

Zinc is considered to be an anti-diarrheal agent, and it may therefore reduce the incidence of diarrhea in young calves. In the present study, we aimed to compare the effect of zinc source on growth performance, the incidence of diarrhea, tissue zinc accumulation, the expression of zinc transporters, and the serum concentrations of zinc-dependent proteins in neonatal Holstein dairy calves. Eighteen male newborn Holstein dairy calves were fed milk and starter diet supplemented with or without 80 mg zinc/d in the form of Zn-Met or ZnO for 14 days, and were then euthanized. Zn-Met supplementation improved average daily gain and feed efficiency, and reduced the incidence of diarrhea, compared with control calves (p < 0.05). It also increased the serum and hepatic zinc concentrations and the mRNA expression of the ZIP4 transporter in the jejunal mucosa of the calves (p < 0.05). In addition, the serum alkaline phosphatase activity and metallothionein concentration were higher in Zn-Met-treated calves than in control calves (p < 0.05). ZnO supplementation had similar effects, but these did not reach significance. Thus, Zn-Met supplementation is an effective means of increasing tissue zinc accumulation and jejunal zinc absorption, and can be used as an anti-diarrheal strategy in neonatal calves.

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