Organoleptic, Bacterial, and Chemical Characteristics of Penaeid Shrimp Subjected to Short-Term High-Temperature Holding

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRYANT F. COBB ◽  
CHIAPING S. YEH ◽  
FRANK CHRISTOPHER ◽  
CARL VANDERZANT
Keyword(s):  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Enzymic Activity ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Penaeus Setiferus ◽  
Urea Production ◽  
Orange Color

White shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) were held at 0, 10, 20, 30, 37, and 44 C for 3, 6, and 24 h. Serious quality deterioration, as evidenced by off-color development (red and orange pigmentation) and off-odor development, was beginning to occur in shrimp held for 3 h at 30, 37, and 44 C, for 6 h at 20 C and for 24 h at 10 C. Red color development was evident in shrimp held at 30 and 37 C, orange color in those held at 44 C. Putrid odors appeared more rapidly in shrimp held at 37 than at 44 C where shrimp developed cooked-shrimp odors. Large increases in bacterial counts at 30–44 C (after 6 and 24 h) were usually accompanied by putrid odors. Tissue pH changes were erratic and small. Total volatile nitrogen (TVN), free amino acid nitrogen (AA-N), and urea production increased with storage temperature during the 3- and 6-h storage experiments. Musty and cooked-shrimp off-odors developed in the shrimp as a result of chemical and/or enzymic activity while putrid and sour odors were produced by bacteria growing in the shrimp.

Effect of High Temperature Holding and Ice Storage on Protein, Non-Protein Nitrogen, Water, and Collagen Content of Penaeid Shrimp

1977 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 252-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
WUNWIBOON WILAICHON ◽  
BRYANT F. COBB ◽  
DWAYNE A. SUTER ◽  
THAYNE R. DUTSON
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Collagen Content ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Ice Storage ◽  
Initial Water ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Penaeus Setiferus ◽  
The Relationship

Five different sample lots of white shrimp (Penaeus setiferus) were divided into two groups. One group was kept at room temperature (23–24 C) and the other on ice until putrid odors began to appear. Protein and non-protein nitrogen (NPN), water, and collagen contents were measured initially and when putrid odors began to appear. Initial protein content ranged from 14.04–16.93% and water content ranged from 68.24–77.31% Initial water and protein [(Total Nitrogen - NPN) × 6.25] had the relationship % water = 122.25 – 3.19(% protein), r = 0.998). At 23–24 C the NPN to TN ratio increased significantly (p < 0.01) in two lots and slightly in one lot. In ice stored shrimp NPN and protein nitrogen decreased by an average amount of 50% and 25%, respectively. During ice storage, water content increased significantly in all three lots of shrimp. Initial total collagen content ranged from 6.71–8.83 mg/g with the %soluble ranging from 11.92–45.22%. Soluble collagen increased significantly in two lots and decreased significantly in one lot at both room and ice-storage temperature.

scholarly journals Parenteral Nutrition and Oxidant Load in Neonates

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 2631
Author(s):  
Kandeepan Karthigesu ◽  
Robert F. Bertolo ◽  
Robert J. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Oral Feeding ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Antioxidant Defences ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Nutrient Sources ◽  
Short Term Survival

Neonates with preterm, gastrointestinal dysfunction and very low birth weights are often intolerant to oral feeding. In such infants, the provision of nutrients via parenteral nutrition (PN) becomes necessary for short-term survival, as well as long-term health. However, the elemental nutrients in PN can be a major source of oxidants due to interactions between nutrients, imbalances of anti- and pro-oxidants, and environmental conditions. Moreover, neonates fed PN are at greater risk of oxidative stress, not only from dietary sources, but also because of immature antioxidant defences. Various interventions can lower the oxidant load in PN, including the supplementation of PN with antioxidant vitamins, glutathione, additional arginine and additional cysteine; reduced levels of pro-oxidant nutrients such as iron; protection from light and oxygen; and proper storage temperature. This narrative review of published data provides insight to oxidant molecules generated in PN, nutrient sources of oxidants, and measures to minimize oxidant levels.

scholarly journals Draft Genome Sequence of a Vibrio harveyi Strain Associated with Vibriosis in Pacific White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emille Moreno ◽  
Marci Parks ◽  
Lee J. Pinnell ◽  
James J. Tallman ◽  
Jeffrey W. Turner
Keyword(s):  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽  
Vibrio Harveyi ◽  
Draft Genome ◽  
Penaeid Shrimp ◽  
Pacific White Shrimp ◽  
Draft Genome Sequence ◽  
White Shrimp ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Future Studies

ABSTRACT Vibrio harveyi is a Gram-negative bacterium associated with vibriosis in penaeid shrimp. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of a V. harveyi strain isolated from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during a vibriosis outbreak. The availability of this genome will aid future studies of vibriosis in shrimp aquaculture.

scholarly journals Concise Review: Considering Optimal Temperature for Short-Term Storage of Epithelial Cells

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayyad Zartasht Khan ◽  
Tor Paaske Utheim ◽  
Catherine Joan Jackson ◽  
Kim Alexander Tønseth ◽  
Jon Roger Eidet
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Freezing Point ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Transplantation of novel tissue-engineered products using cultured epithelial cells is gaining significant interest. While such treatments can readily be provided at centralized medical centers, delivery to patients at geographically remote locations requires the establishment of suitable storage protocols. One important aspect of storage technology is temperature. This paper reviews storage temperature for above-freezing point storage of human epithelial cells for regenerative medicine purposes. The literature search uncovered publications on epidermal cells, retinal pigment epithelial cells, conjunctival epithelial cells, corneal/limbal epithelial cells, oral keratinocytes, and seminiferous epithelial cells. The following general patterns were noted: (1) Several studies across different cell types inclined toward 4 and 16°C being suitable short-term storage temperatures. Correspondingly, almost all studies investigating 37°C concluded that this storage temperature was suboptimal. (2) Cell death typically escalates rapidly following 7–10 days of storage. (3) The importance of the type of storage medium and its composition was highlighted by some of the studies; however, the relative importance of storage medium vs. storage temperature has not been investigated systematically. Although a direct comparison between the included investigations is not reasonable due to differences in cell types, storage media, and storage duration, this review provides an overview, summarizing the work carried out on each cell type during the past two decades.

Reassessment of primed constant-infusion tracer method to measure urea kinetics

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. E557-E564 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jahoor ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Tracer Method ◽  
Priming Dose ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Urea Production ◽  
Urea Kinetics ◽  
Dose Dependent

The validity of the primed constant-infusion tracer technique to make short-term measurements of urea production rates (Ra) in humans in a physiological steady state and during disruption of steady state was evaluated. Four subjects received a primed constant infusion (P/I = 560 min) of [13C]urea for 8 h. A plateau in urea enrichment was reached after 2 h and maintained throughout. When [13C]- and [18O]urea were simultaneously infused into four subjects at P/I ratios of 560:1 and 360:1, respectively, both tracers reached plateau enrichment at the same time (2-4 h). The enrichment at plateau was a function of the infusion rate rather than the priming dose, and calculated urea Ra was the same with either prime. In five additional experiments the technique responded acutely to a physiological perturbation (alanine infusion) in a dose-dependent manner. The results confirm that this technique is appropriate for short-term measurements of urea Ra, and the requirement for accuracy in estimating the priming dose is not impractically stringent.

scholarly journals Photoselective Protective Netting Improves “Honeycrisp” Fruit Quality

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1708
Author(s):  
Sara Serra ◽  
Stefano Borghi ◽  
Giverson Mupambi ◽  
Hector Camargo-Alvarez ◽  
Desmond Layne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Scattered Light ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Light Spectrum ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Bitter Pit ◽  
And Control

High temperatures, wind, and excessive sunlight can negatively impact yield and fruit quality in semi-arid apple production regions. Netting was originally designed for hail protection, but it can modify the light spectrum and affect fruit quality. Here, pearl, blue, and red photoselective netting (≈20% shading factor) was installed in 2015 over a commercial “Cameron Select® Honeycrisp” orchard. Our research objectives were to (1) describe the light quantity and quality under the colored nets compared to an uncovered control and (2) investigate the effect of Photoselective nets on “Honeycrisp” apple quality for two growing seasons. Light transmittance and scattering for each treatment were measured with a spectroradiometer, and samples for fruit quality analyses were collected at harvest. PAR (photosynthetic active radiation), UV, blue, red, and far-red light were lower underneath all netting treatments compared to an uncovered control. The scattered light was higher under the pearl net compared to other colors, while red and far-red light were lower under the blue net. For two consecutive years, trees grown under the photoselective nets intercepted more incoming light than the uncovered trees with no differences among the three colors. In both years, trees under red and blue nets had more sunburn-free (clean) apples than pearl and control. Red color development for fruit was lower when nets were used. Interestingly, bitter pit incidence was lower underneath red nets for both years. Other than red color development, “Honeycrisp” fruit quality was not appreciably affected by the use of netting. These results highlight the beneficial effect of nets in improving light quality in orchards and mitigating physiological disorders such as bitter pit in “Honeycrisp” apple.

scholarly journals Improving the Red Color and Fruit Quality of ‘Kent’ Mango Fruit by Pruning and Preharvest Spraying of Prohydrojasmon or Abscisic Acid

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 944
Author(s):  
Sudheeran Pradeep Kumar ◽  
Dalia Maurer ◽  
Oleg Feygenberg ◽  
Cliff Love ◽  
Noam Alkan
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Color Development ◽  
Air Jet ◽  
Red Color ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pruning Techniques

Pre-harvest application of prohydrojasmon (PDJ) or abscisic acid (ABA) induces the red color in fruits that were exposed to sunlight at the orchard. In this large-scale work, we evaluated the effect of two different pruning techniques of ‘Kent’ mango orchards, one leading to opening the orchard canopy to expose as much fruit as possible to sunlight, while the second pruning leads to square-shaped trees and subsequently reduces the amount of sunlight reaching the fruit. These two pruning methods were combined with preharvest spraying with prohydrojasmon (PDJ) or abscisic acid (ABA) using two different types of sprayers, i.e., regular and air-jet sprayer. Pruning the canopy of the orchards to open and closed trees exposed 80% or 30% of fruits to sunlight, respectively. Both of the application with air-jet and regular sprayers effectively covered the fruit without causing fruit detachment and damage to yield. Both the phytohormones (PDJ and ABA) application treatments induced red blush skin, red intensity, anthocyanin, and flavonoids, particularly in fruit grown outside the tree canopy in both open and closed trees. PDJ and ABA treatments exhibited marginally reduced acidity than the untreated control, while the brix was not affected much by any of the treatments. Besides these, exposure to sunlight and PDJ treatment also reduced postharvest decay and increased chlorophyll degradation and yellowing in comparison to the controls. This study promoted applicative evidence about the positive effects of exposure to sunlight, prohydrojasmon (PDJ), and abscisic acid (ABA) on red color development without compromising the mango fruit’s quality.

Effects of fatty acids on hepatic amino acid catabolism and fibrinogen synthesis in young healthy volunteers

2003 ◽  
Vol 285 (1) ◽  
pp. E54-E62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernst-Joachim Freyse ◽  
Thomas Giessmann ◽  
Klaus Jürgen Petzke ◽  
Siegfried Knospe ◽  
Georg Engel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Plasma Fibrinogen ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Amino Acid Catabolism ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nonesterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Leucine Metabolism ◽  
Urea Production

Increased synthesis rate of fibrinogen, an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, was recently reported in obese insulin-resistant female adolescents with chronic elevated nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA). It is unknown whether a short-term change of NEFA concentrations controls hepatic fibrinogen synthesis. Therefore, 10 healthy male volunteers (24.5 ± 3.3 yr, body mass index 23.5 ± 2.9 kg/m2) were investigated in random order under basal and elevated NEFA for 8 h. Leucine metabolism, the fractional synthesis rates (FSR) of plasma fibrinogen, and endogenous urea production rates were measured during primed, continuous infusion of [1-13C]leucine and [15N2]urea, respectively. Plasma α-[13C]ketoisocaproic acid and [15N2]urea enrichment values were measured with GC-MS. Plasma fibrinogen was isolated with the β-alanine method, and fibrinogen-related [13C]leucine enrichment was analyzed by GC-CIRMS. Lipofundin infusion and subcutaneous heparin tripled NEFA and triglycerides in the tests. Plasma glucose, circulating insulin, human C-peptide, and plasma glucagon were not changed by the study procedure. Fibrinogen FSR were significantly lower in tests with NEFA elevation (18.44 ± 4.67%) than in control tests (21.48 ± 4.32%; P < 0.05). Plasma fibrinogen concentrations measured were not significantly different (NEFA test subjects: 1.85 ± 0.33, controls: 1.97 ± 0.54 g/l). Parameters of leucine metabolism, such as leucine rate of appearance, leucine oxidation, and nonoxidative leucine disposal, were not influenced by NEFA elevation, and endogenous urea production remained unchanged. NEFA contributes to short-term regulation of fibrinogen FSR in healthy volunteers under unchanged hormonal status, leucine metabolism, and overall amino acid catabolism. Its contribution might be of relevance at least after fat-rich meals, counteracting by reduction of FSR the blood viscosity increase implied by hyperlipidemia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document