Inactivation of Staphylococcal Thermonuclease by an Enzyme-Like Factor Produced by Streptococcus faecalis subsp. liquefaciens

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICHARD D. MEDWID ◽  
DALE W. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Proteolytic Enzyme ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
The Common

The thermonuclease of Staphylococcus aureus was inactivated during incubation with filtrates from cultures of Streptococcus faecalis subsp. liquefaciens. Of 53 isolates, 40 produced a thermonuclease-inactivating factor (TIF). The TIF was heat-labile, non-dialyzable and optimally active at 55 C and pH 7.0. These characteristics suggest TIF is a proteolytic enzyme. The common occurrence of TIF in cultures of S. faecalis subsp. liquefaciens may limit the value of the thermonuclease test for foods containing large populations of this organism.

scholarly journals Subtype Characterization and Zoonotic Potential of Cryptosporidium felis in Cats in Guangdong and Shanghai, China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Jiayu Li ◽  
Fuxian Yang ◽  
Ruobing Liang ◽  
Sheng Guo ◽  
Yaqiong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Genetic Characterization ◽  
Zoonotic Potential ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
Gp60 Gene ◽  
The Common ◽  
Subtyping Tool

Cryptosporidiumfelis is an important cause of feline and human cryptosporidiosis. However, the transmission of this pathogen between humans and cats remains controversial, partially due to a lack of genetic characterization of isolates from cats. The present study was conducted to examine the genetic diversity of C. felis in cats in China and to assess their potential zoonotic transmission. A newly developed subtyping tool based on a sequence analysis of the 60-kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene was employed to identify the subtypes of 30 cat-derived C. felis isolates from Guangdong and Shanghai. Altogether, 20 C. felis isolates were successfully subtyped. The results of the sequence alignment showed a high genetic diversity, with 13 novel subtypes and 2 known subtypes of the XIXa subtype family being identified. The known subtypes were previously detected in humans, while some of the subtypes formed well-supported subclusters with human-derived subtypes from other countries in a phylogenetic analysis of the gp60 sequences. The results of this study confirmed the high genetic diversity of the XIXa subtype family of C. felis. The common occurrence of this subtype family in both humans and cats suggests that there could be cross-species transmission of C. felis.

scholarly journals Eristalis flower flies can be mechanical vectors of the common trypanosome bee parasite, Crithidia bombi

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abby E. Davis ◽  
Kaitlin R. Deutsch ◽  
Alondra M. Torres ◽  
Mesly J. Mata Loya ◽  
Lauren V. Cody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Floral Resources ◽  
Active Infection ◽  
Osmia Lignaria ◽  
Crithidia Bombi ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Bee Health ◽  
The Common ◽  
Flower Flies ◽  
Bee Communities

AbstractFlowers can be transmission platforms for parasites that impact bee health, yet bees share floral resources with other pollinator taxa, such as flies, that may be hosts or non-host vectors (i.e., mechanical vectors) of parasites. Here, we assessed whether the fecal-orally transmitted gut parasite of bees, Crithidia bombi, can infect Eristalis tenax flower flies. We also investigated the potential for two confirmed solitary bee hosts of C. bombi, Osmia lignaria and Megachile rotundata, as well as two flower fly species, Eristalis arbustorum and E. tenax, to transmit the parasite at flowers. We found that C. bombi did not replicate (i.e., cause an active infection) in E. tenax flies. However, 93% of inoculated flies defecated live C. bombi in their first fecal event, and all contaminated fecal events contained C. bombi at concentrations sufficient to infect bumble bees. Flies and bees defecated inside the corolla (flower) more frequently than other plant locations, and flies defecated at volumes comparable to or greater than bees. Our results demonstrate that Eristalis flower flies are not hosts of C. bombi, but they may be mechanical vectors of this parasite at flowers. Thus, flower flies may amplify or dilute C. bombi in bee communities, though current theoretical work suggests that unless present in large populations, the effects of mechanical vectors will be smaller than hosts.

Evaluation of Gas-Liquid Chromatography in Assays for Blood Volatiles

1965 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1023-1035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Mather ◽  
Angel Assimos
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Quantitative Assay ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Internal Reference ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Better Than

Abstract A simple screening by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) can provide definitive answers in the detection and identification of a number of volatile substances, including acetone and the common alcohols. After identification, quantitative assay by an internal-reference technic yields highly specific values for ethyl alcohol concentration with a precision at least equal to (and for low levels, better than) that of conventional assays. The unique advantage of GLC is in its simultaneous quantitative assay of mixtures, some of which cannot be satisfactorily assayed or even recognized in any other way. The combination of speed and negligible sample volumes render the technic valuable for sequential studies on capillary blood samples and, potentially, for mass screening of large populations.

The risk of aspiration in Dettol poisoning: a retrospective cohort study

1995 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 190-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Y.K. Chan ◽  
Julian A.J.H. Critchley ◽  
Joseph T.F. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Matched Control ◽  
Gastric Lavage ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Pine Oil ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Common ◽  
Risk Of Aspiration ◽  
Increase In Risk

1 To determine if the risk of aspiration is increased in 'Dettol' (4.8% chloroxylenol, pine oil and isopropyl alco hol) poisoning and the factors that may be responsible, a study was made of 89 patients and 89 matched control subjects with other forms of poisoning admitted to the Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong. 2 Aspiration was more common in patients with Dettol poisoning (8% vs 3%, P = 0.16). There were more control subjects with drowsiness at presentation (54% vs 24%, P < 0.0001), but the use of gastric lavage (88% vs 64%, P < 0.001) and the occurrence of vomiting (62% vs 17%, P < 0.0001) were more common in patients with Dettol poisoning. 3 Our findings suggest that Dettol poisoning may be asso ciated with an increased risk of aspiration. This increase in risk may be related to the use of gastric lavage and the common occurrence of vomiting in patients with Dettol poisoning.

DYNAMICS OF A2 FINGER PULLEY RUPTURE

2007 ◽  
Vol 07 (01) ◽  
pp. 75-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
MING A. TAN ◽  
FRANZ K. FUSS ◽  
GÜNTHER NIEGL
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
Constant Force ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Pulley System ◽  
Convergence Test ◽  
A2 Pulley ◽  
The Common ◽  
Rupture Mechanism

A mathematical model of the A2 pulley system will enable us to have a better understanding of the mechanics of the pulley-tendon system and provide us with insights of the pulley rupture mechanism. The A2 pulley was modeled based on parallel pulley fibers attached to a phalanx with a tendon passing them. Mechanical properties of the pulleys such as stiffness, strength and friction were included in the model. A convergence test was done to ensure the accuracy of the test. The model managed to show high loads on flexed finger may lead to pulley ruptures. Further studies on the rupture mechanism showed that pulley ruptures are self-propagating when a constant force is applied and the rate of rupture increases, as fewer intact fibers are present to support the load. The initial rate of propagation is much slower and this accelerates as more fibers are ruptured. This explains the common occurrence of partial pulley ruptures.

scholarly journals Profile of Osteomyelitis Patients Visiting the Orthopedic Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Indonesia, in 2017–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aditya Nugraha ◽  
Hermawan Nagar Rasyid ◽  
Hadyana Sukandar
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Operative Procedure ◽  
Bone Destruction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
The Common ◽  
Age Range

Background: Osteomyelitis is an inflammatory process caused by microorganism infection that leads to bone destruction. Osteomyelitis may affect all bones, particularly long bones, and infects all ages. This disease is hard to diagnose and the treatment is complex due to the disease’s heterogenicity, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management. This study aimed to determine the profile of osteomyelitis inpatients and outpatients presented to the Orthopedic Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, IndonesiaMethods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted from July to October 2019 using the total sampling method. Data were collected from the medical records of osteomyelitis inpatients and outpatients presented to the Orthopedic Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia from 2017–2018. Data were then analyzed descriptively and the results were presented in frequencies.Result: In total, 90 data were retrieved. Most of data presented male patients (n= 69, 76.7%) with the age range of 20–29 years old (24.4%). The majority of these patients experienced chronic onset of disease (94.4%) located on the tibia (51.1%), which was caused by a post-operative procedure (61.1%). The most common treatment was operative procedure without antibiotic beads (51.1%). Staphylococcus aureus was the common pathogens identified in these patients (22.2%).Conclusion: The majority of osteomyelitis patients are males in productive age with chronic onset of disease located on the tibia caused by a post-operative procedure. Staphylococcus aureus is the common pathogen involved and the most common treatment is an operative procedure without antibiotic beads.

scholarly journals Simulated Pediatric Blood Cultures to Assess the Inactivation of Clinically Relevant Antimicrobial Drug Concentrations in Resin-Containing Bottles

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Giordano ◽  
Flora Marzia Liotti ◽  
Giulia Menchinelli ◽  
Giulia De Angelis ◽  
Tiziana D’Inzeo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Streptococcus Pneumoniae ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Bactec Fx

The bacteremia level as well as the administration of antibiotics before blood collection may significantly affect the recovery of bacterial pathogens from pediatric blood cultures in BacT/Alert Virtuo or Bactec FX BC systems, which remain the common techniques to diagnose bacteremia in pediatric patients. We simulated pediatric blood cultures with low or intermediate bacteremia level to evaluate BacT/Alert PF Plus and Bactec Peds Plus blood culture bottles for resin-based inactivation of 16 antibiotic–bacterium combinations. Overall, 105/192 (54.7%) of BacT/Alert PF Plus bottles and 69/192 (36.0%) of Bactec Peds Plus bottles allowed organisms to grow when exposed to antibiotics. In particular, both BacT/Alert PF Plus and Bactec Peds Plus bottles proved to be effective with piperacillin/tazobactam and Pseudomonas aeruginosa or with oxacillin and methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (100% growth), whereas no effectiveness was apparent with ceftriaxone and Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae, or Streptococcus pneumoniae or with cefepime and E. coli (0% growth). In some relevant instances (e.g., with vancomycin and methicillin-resistant S. aureus or Streptococcus pneumoniae), BacT/Alert PF Plus bottles were superior to Bactec Peds Plus bottles. Together, these findings underscore the potentiality of resin-containing bottles to enhance diagnosis of bacteremia in pediatric patients on antimicrobial therapy. This is particularly true with one of the evaluated BC systems and with simulated intermediate bacteremia level only.

Burns first aid

2019 ◽  
pp. 59-66
Author(s):  
Jorge Leon-Villapolas
Keyword(s):  
Operative Management ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Burn Injuries ◽  
Tissue Preservation ◽  
Common Occurrence ◽  
Conflicting Information ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Way

In the UK alone there are approximately 175,000 acute burn injuries /year. There is a great variation in the way these injuries are managed. Advances in our understanding of the pathophysiology and natural history of burn injuries have highlighted the importance of early intervention in minimizing later functional and cosmetic morbidity. Differences in beliefs and ethnic background have a large impact on the way that burns are initially dealt with, as we know that only a minority of patients presenting with burns are optimally managed pre-hospital. Lack of education and conflicting information about burns first aid is believed to be a major factor in the common occurrence of burnt patients presenting with a variety of domestic remedies being applied to their burns as first aid. Judicious application of simple burns first aid is the first step for soft tissue preservation, improvement of outcomes and a decrease in the need for operative management.

Suppurative Thrombophlebitis: Correlation Between Pathogen and Underlying Disease

1986 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 582-585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Capt Robert A. Johnson ◽  
Capt Robert A. Zajac ◽  
Maj Martin E. Evans
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Nosocomial Infection ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Surgical Intervention ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Apparent Association

AbstractWe identified 29 episodes of suppurative thrombophlebitis in 27 patients admitted to a large general hospital between May 1980 and May 1984. In 25 patients, the intravenous cannulae had been in place for more than 3 days. Streptococcus faecalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa or one of the Enterobacteriaceae were implicated in 14 patients. All these patients had recently undergone abdominal surgery or had a major intraabdominal inflammatory process at the time they developed thrombophlebitis. The remaining 13 patients were infected with Staphylococcus aureus, other grampositive cocci or Candida species. Only two of these had an active abdominal process at the time of their infection (x2 = 16.08, P<0.001). There is an apparent association between phlebitis caused by enteric organisms and active intra-abdominal pathology. There were two deaths related to delayed or deferred surgery. Suppurative thrombophlebitis is a lethal, preventable nosocomial infection that requires urgent surgical intervention.

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