Inhibition of Pathogenic Bacteria by Camel's Milk: Relation to Whey Lysozyme and Stage of Lactation

Twenty (10%) of 200 milk samples collected from different individual camels inhibited growth of one or more of six pathogenic test organisms in a filter-paper disk assay. The milk samples with inhibitory properties scored zero in the California Mastitis Test. The percentages of milk samples which inhibited Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium were 7.5, 4.0, 2.0 and 1%, respectively. None of the 200 samples inhibited Bacillus cereus or Escherichia coli. Five milk samples inhibited growth of two test organisms and two samples inhibited growth of three organisms. Inhibition zone diameters ranged from 13.5 mm to 22.0 mm (average of 15 mm) using a disk of 12.5 mm in diameter. The average amount of lysozyme in the whey of 58 samples of camel's milk was 288 μg/100 ml. The average lysozyme content of the 20 samples showing growth inhibition of one or more test organisms was 648 μg/100 ml, significantly higher (P<0.01) than the average in the 38 samples (62.6 μg/100 ml) that had no inhibitory effect. There was a negative correlation (r= −0.669) between lysozyme content in the whey of milk samples (y) and the stage of lactation of the camels (x) with the following regression equation: y = −2.86x + 665.8.

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Good Bugs vs Bad Bugs: Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Selected Probiotics against Enterococcus faecalis

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2037 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 312-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aarti A Bohora ◽

Sharad R Kokate

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Enterococcus Faecalis ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Lactobacillus Rhamnosus ◽

Probiotic Strain ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Indicator Strain ◽

Oral Bacteria ◽

Diffusion Method

ABSTRACT Introduction The main goal of endodontics is the prevention of apical periodontitis. This is due to the presence of persistent pathogenic microorganisms, such as Enterococcus faecalis, and its ability to directly cause acute and chronic inflammation in the periapical tissues. Lactobacillus has been shown to promote health in the intestines as well as to inhibit the growth of certain problematic oral bacteria. This study explores shifting the established paradigm of endodontic treatment, which has focused on eliminating all bacteria from the canal system and on elimination of the problematic bacteria through introducing probiotics. A preliminary work was performed to evaluate the possible effectiveness of probiotics in preventing the growth of E. faecalis. Materials and methods Two probiotic cultures Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 8041 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus ATCC 7408 were selected to check their antimicrobial activity against E. faecalis ATCC 29212 by two methods: agar cup/well diffusion method and deferred antagonism test. Agar cup method A total of 0.5 mL of requisite test pathogen culture was inoculated into 20 mL of molten sterile Mueller and Hinton agar and cooled to 45 ± 2°C. Circular wells of diameter 10 mm were punched in each of the poured plates. Appropriately diluted test samples were added to the above-punched wells. The plates were incubated upright position at 37°C for 24 hours in aerobic conditions. Postincubation, zone of inhibition was measured. The cell-free supernatant of Lactobacillus species was also evaluated for antimicrobial activity. Deferred antagonism test The test probiotic strain was standardized to 0.1 optical density (OD) at 600 nm and inoculated in a 1 cm wide diametric streak across the surface of trypticase soy agar + yeast extract + calcium carbonate (TSYCa) agar using a sterile cotton swab. Then, the plate agar containing the test strain was incubated at 37°C for 24 hours under aerophilic condition and then standardized to 0.1 OD at 600 nm for overnight (18 hours, 37°C). A purified culture of indicator strain (pathogen) was streaked at right angles to the line of original producer growth. Postincubation plates were observed for the inhibition zone width of the indicator strain. Results Under the conditions of this study, Lactobacilli had an inhibitory effect on the growth of E. faecalis by agar cup method but not by deferred antagonism test. Conclusion This pilot study demonstrated that probiotics show a potential in root canal therapy. Clinical Significance If probioitcs are effective against endodontic pathogens, they can be potentially used as intracanal medicaments. This will be a novel concept of introducing bacteriotherapy in endodontics and replacing pathogenic bacteria by healthy bacteria, normal flora. How to cite this article Bohora AA, Kokate SR. Good Bugs vs Bad Bugs: Evaluation of Inhibitory Effect of Selected Probiotics against Enterococcus faecalis. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(4):312-316.

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AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI JAMU MADURA SUBUR KANDUNGAN

el–Hayah ◽

10.18860/elha.v5i2.3021 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 65

Author(s):

Andik Wijayanto ◽

Romi Abrori

Keyword(s):

Centella Asiatica ◽

Bioactive Compound ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Antibacterial Drug ◽

E Coli ◽

Kaempferia Galanga ◽

Test Organisms ◽

And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽

Paper Disc

Madurese traditional medicine (herbs) Subur Kandungan is a medicine that is widely used and produced in Madura that contains Curcuma zedoaria (Chrism.)Rosc., Kaempferia galanga L., Foeniculum vulgare Mill., and Centella asiatica (L.)Urb. highly favoredby the Indonesian community, especially women to improve reproductive health but have not been tested scientifically and standardization to ensure efficacy and safety. Initial stageis screening bioactive compound and then antibacterial activity assay with paper disc method. Clinical bacterial isolates such as Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were used as test organisms. The best treatment to inhibit the growth of E. Coli and S. aureusis 70% ethanol at a concentration of extract 1000 mg/ml with inhibition zone respectively 5mm and 6.5mm. Although in crude extract form, Madurese traditional medicine (herbs) Subur Kandungan had inhibitory effect on the growth of the E.coli and S.aureus so this traditional medicine potential as an antibacterial agent. It is recommended that further work be done to identify the specific secondary metabolite compound that responsible for this effect, purify it, and standardize as same as a antibacterial drug.

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The effect of a seed coating with Origanum vulgare essential oil on Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis

Plant Protection Science ◽

10.17221/177/2020-pps ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Meral Yılmaz ◽

Ömür Baysal ◽

Ragıp Soner Silme

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Seed Quality ◽

Seed Transmission ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Clavibacter Michiganensis ◽

Origanum Vulgare ◽

Ligand Interaction ◽

Clavibacter Michiganensis Subsp

The study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a seed film coating with Origanum vulgare Linnaeus essential oil (EO) against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm) on tomatoes. Tomato seeds (cv. Rio Grande) coated with different doses of EO derived from O. vulgare were inoculated with Cmm (1.8 × 108 CFU/mL). O. vulgare's EO showed a remarkable inhibition effect on the Cmm growth. The EO effect against Cmm was determined based on the parameters, such as the inhibition zone and bacterial population in a seed. The GC-MS analysis of EO showed that carvacrol is the major component (at 74.05%), which may inhibit the bacterial growth. Later, we have expanded our studies to determine the inhibitory effect of the EO's mode of action on the pathogenic bacteria with a molecular docking analysis based on the molecular protein-ligand interaction. The results showed that carvacrol has a strong interaction with the bacterial expansin protein (PDB 4JJO) of Cmm and the qPCR analyses confirmed the effect of the O. vulgare treatment against Cmm. This original approach has the prominent potential to prevent seed transmission of Cmm for seed quality in the world, suggesting a method for paving the way for Cmm disease management.

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STUDY THE ANTIMICROBIAL AND ANTIADHESIVE ACTIVITY OF PURIFIED BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCED FROM LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM AGAINST PATHOGENIC BACTERIA

IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES ◽

10.36103/ijas.v52i5.1457 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 52 (5) ◽

pp. 1194-1206

Author(s):

A . A. Jameel ◽

N. H. Haider

Keyword(s):

Surface Tension ◽

Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Lower Surface ◽

Solvent System ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

Adhesion Activity ◽

Natural Media

This study was aimed to purification the biosurfactant that produced from Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from clinical samples of iraqi healthy women by column chromatography through silica gel column (3.5 × 30 cm) using solvent system (chloroform : methanol, 2:1) and characterization the purified product by Thin layer chromatography (TLC), Fourier Transform Infrared Red spectroscopy (FTIR) and Gas chromatography (GC) mass then evaluated its antibacterial and anti-adhesive activity. The results shown the higher emulsification activity (E24%= 63) and lower the surface tension to 23 mN/m in synthetic MSM, while the natural media gave (E24% =71) and lower surface tension to 19 mN/m. The using TLC technique indicated presence of lipopeptide in the biosurfactant with Rf value = 0.82. Antibacterial and antiadhesion activities were evaluated against some pathogenic bacteria, including Pseudomonas aureginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The results showed a higher inhibitory effect of biosurfactant at concentration 200 mg/ml on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with the inhibition zone 27 mm and 33 mm respectively in BCDFTM media. While purified biosurfactant with concentration 200 mg/ml produced in MSM media had an effect on S. aureus and P. aeruginosa with the inhibition zone 21 mm, and 18 mm respectively. The anti-adhesion activity of purified biosurfactant against p.aeruginosa ranging from (34.70 ± 5.256) to (11.7 ± 9.7) produced from natural media BCDFTM and was higher than the anti-adhesion activity of purified biosurfactant against the same pathogen ranging from (46.95 ± 7.37) to (20.15 ± 2.805) produced in MSM.

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Antimicrobial Activity of some Lactobacillus Species against Intestinal Pathogenic Bacteria

International Letters of Natural Sciences ◽

10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.65.10 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 65 ◽

pp. 10-15 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hamid Tebyanian ◽

Afsaneh Bakhtiari ◽

Ali Karami ◽

Ashraf Kariminik

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Activity ◽

Lactobacillus Casei ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Intestinal Flora ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Enteric Pathogens ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽

Lactobacillus Species ◽

De Man

Probiotics have antibacterial effects against pathogenic bacteria in the gut while maintaining the balance of intestinal flora such as Lactobacillus. This study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of four Lactobacillus species against intestinal pathogenic. Four different species of Lactobacillus (Lactobacillus bulgaricus (PTCC 1332), Lactobacillus casei (PTCC 1608), Lactobacillus plantarum (PTCC 1058) and Lactobacillus Fermentum (PTCC 1638)) were experimented to investigate the inhibitory activity against 4 bacterial enteric pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella dysenteriae and Salmonella paratyphi A) which were separately inoculated in MRS medium (de Man, Rogosa and Sharpe medium) for 48 hours at 37 °C and pH 7. Our results showed that enteropathogens growth was stopped in the presence of all Lactobacillus and inhibition zone was between 12 and 32 millimeter. It can be concluded that these four Lactobacillus strains had potential antimicrobial compounds against human enteric pathogens and should be further studied for their human health benefits.

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Characterization of Sesquiterpenes and Antibacterial Activities of Extracts from Piliostigma reticulatum (DL.) Hochst and Cleistopholis patens (Benth.) Engl & Diels against Shigella dysenteriae and Streptococcus pyogenes

Microbiology Research Journal International ◽

10.9734/mrji/2019/v27i530112 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-14

Author(s):

A. O. Daniels ◽

O. O. Owoyemi ◽

O. Famurewa ◽

J. O. Oluyege

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Pyogenes ◽

Antibacterial Activities ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Shigella Dysenteriae ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Crude Extracts ◽

Test Organisms ◽

Zones Of Inhibition ◽

Piliostigma Reticulatum

Aim: The study characterized sesquiterpenes from the bark extracts of Piliostigma reticulatum and Cleistopholis patens and subsequently tested the extracts for their antibacterial activities. Methodology: Ground stem barks of P. reticulatum and C. patens were obtained and extracted with ethyl acetate. The extract from both plants were screened for antibacterial activities against Shigella dysenteriae and Streptococcus pyogenes using the agar well diffusion method. Furthermore, fractions obtained from the crude extracts were also assayed for antibacterial efficacy using the disc diffusion method. The phyto-constituents of the extracts were identified using Gas chromatography and mass spectra (GC-MS) and subsequent characterization was achieved via Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (NMR). Results: The results showed that P. reticulatum extract had more antibacterial activities on S. dysenteriae with zones of inhibition ranging from 6 mm – 14 mm while it had lesser inhibitory effect against S. pyogenes with zones of inhibition of 10 mm and 8 mm at concentrations of 100 mg/mL and 80 mg/mL respectively. However, C. patens was effective against S. pyogenes with zones of inhibition of 18 mm, 16 mm, 14 mm, 13 mm, and 8 mm at concentrations of 100, 60, 40, 20 and 10 mg/mL respectively. Crude extracts from both plants exhibited higher antibacterial activity compared to purified fractions against test organisms. A number of five (5) Sesquiterpenes (azulenes, alpha and beta pinene, Germacrene D, Limonene, and Farnesol) were identified from the extracts of both plants. Conclusion: The presence of sesquiterpenes in P. reticulatum and C. patens could be responsible for the antibacterial activities on the test organisms (S. dysenteriae and S. pyogenes) evaluated in this study and subsequently justify their use in folkloric medicine. Hence, the extracts obtained from P. reticulatum and C. patens could be considered as a potential and rich source of antibacterial agent to control infections posed by the test organisms (S. dysenteriae and S. pyogenes).

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Estimating the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus isolated from different sources on some pathogens of urogenital infections in women group

Journal of Biotechnology Research Center ◽

10.24126/jobrc.2009.3.2.71 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

pp. 65-73

Author(s):

Bushra J . Mohamed ◽

Amina N. AL. Thwani

Keyword(s):

Human Milk ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Lactobacillus Species ◽

Urogenital Infections ◽

Different Sources ◽

Lactobacillus Spp

This study was aimed to identify of pathogenic organism isolated from urogintal tract and estimate the effect of Lactobacillus which isolated from different sources on the growth of these pathogens including (Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Gardnerella viginals, Klebsiella oxytoca ,Proteus mirabilis). The results showed that Lactobacillus which was isolated from vagina on solid medium was effective against pathogenic isolates more than the Lactobacillus species isolated from yoghurt, cow milk, human milk with inhibition zone (12-16) mm, while the highs inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus isolated from vagina in liquid media with inhibition zone reached to(18)mm. Adversely, lowest inhibitory effect was shown with supernatant of Lactobacillus spp isolated from human milk with inhibition zone reached to(11)mm comparison with Lactobacillus spp isolated from yoghurt and cow milk with inhibition zone (13-15) mm. Also the result revealed that Lactobacillus spp isolated from vagina, human milk, cow milk and yoghurt by overlay method had no effect on pathogenic bacteria but high effect was shown only with the vaginal Lactobacillus isolates on C .albicans.

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Investigating the Inhibitory Effect of Silver Nanoparticles against Some Species of Candida and Pathogenic Bacteria

Cihan University-Erbil Scientific Journal ◽

10.24086/cuesj.v4n1y2020.pp32-36 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 32-36

Author(s):

Alaa M. Hasan ◽

Sura M. Abdul Majeed ◽

Rusol M. Al-Bahrani

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Silver Nanoparticles ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibition Zone ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Candida Guilliermondii ◽

Candida Krusei ◽

Maximum Inhibition ◽

Bacteria And Fungi ◽

Candida Zeylanoides

Silver nanoparticles synthesized from aqueous extract of mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus exhibited inhibitory effect at the concentration of 12.5, 25, 50, and 100 mg/ml against some pathogenic bacteria and fungi such as Candida albicans, Candida guilliermondii, Candida krusei, Candida zeylanoides, Geotrichum klebahnii, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The maximum inhibition zone was observed against C. zeylanoides at the concentration of 100 mg/ml was 24.5 mm, while the minimum inhibition zone was observed against Geotrichum at the concentration of 25 mg/ml was 8 mm and the concentration of 12.5 mg/ml was not effective against some species.

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Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria From Milk and Their Effects on the Pathogenic Bacteria

Research in Molecular Medicine ◽

10.32598/rmm.8.4.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 189-200

Author(s):

Ciamak Ghazaei ◽

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Lactic Acid Bacteria ◽

Pathogenic Bacteria ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Cow Milk ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Isolation And Characterization ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Test

Background: Probiotics are “live microbial cells” that are beneficial for human and animal health. Lactobacilli are such a diverse group of bacteria with similar metabolic and physiological characteristics, and constitute important and beneficial gut microflora. During carbohydrate fermentation, lactobacilli produce lactic acid as an end product in metabolism. Hence, lactobacilli have high significance to be used as probiotics in the food industry, because of their acidifying properties. Also, lactobacilli are considered “safe”, owing to their ubiquitous presence in the food. Many researchers provided evidence for the presence of lactobacilli in milk sources. Thus, the present study aimed to isolate and characterize different lactobacilli strains from milk sources and analyze their “probiotic potential”. Materials and methods: Forty-one lactobacilli isolates were obtained from raw cow milk. Then, the strains were characterized by morphological identification and biochemical tests. Besides, probiotic potentials were evaluated with the bile tolerance test, antibiotic susceptibility test, and determining suitable pH for the optimal growth of lactobacilli. The lactobacilli isolates were also analyzed for their probiotic characteristics and the release of antimicrobial substances. Their antimicrobial activities against pathogenic strains were assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration, with the help of agar diffusion methods. Results: From 50 milk samples, 41 lactobacilli isolates were obtained, out of which five lactobacilli strains were identified as Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Lactobacillus lactis. Moreover, 35 isolates showed an inhibitory effect. These strains were able to survive and grow in 0.5% to 2.5% bile salt concentrations. Lactic acid bacteria were susceptible to antibiotics, and 35 isolates obtained from raw milk showed an inhibitory effect against pathogenic bacteria. The observed minimum inhibitory concentration ranged from 50 to 100 µL and varied between the different pathogens. Conclusion: Out of 41 Lactobacillus isolates obtained from cow milk samples, 35 were identified with probiotic characteristics. Hence, this study highlighted the novel probiotic bacteria and validated the antimicrobial properties of the Lactobacillus spp against pathogenic bacteria.

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Somatic cell counts in relation to infection status of the goat udder

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s002202990003020x ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Despina Kalogridou-Vassiliadou ◽

Konstantinos Manolkidis ◽

Afrodite Tsigoida

Keyword(s):

Test Scores ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Intramammary Infection ◽

Somatic Cell Counts ◽

Milk Samples ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

California Mastitis Test ◽

Cell Counts ◽

Major Pathogens

SummaryBacteriological analyses, cell counts using the Fossomatic method and California Mastitis Test were performed on 1523 goat milk samples taken aseptically at monthly intervals throughout lactation from three goat herds. Of the goat udders, 81·4% were infected, minor pathogens being the most frequent isolates (65·7%). Differences in the level of infection by minor pathogens were found betwccn herds. Cell counts were influenced by stage of lactation and intramammary infection. Cell counts < 106 cells/ml were found in 80% of milk samples infected by major pathogens and in 45% infected by minor pathogens. About 81% of udders infected with major pathogens gave California Mastitis Test scores of 2 and 3, compared with 20% for uninfected goats. A high proportion (65%) of udders infected with minor pathogens also produced scores of 2 and 3. A significant positive correlation was found between the California Mastitis Test and cell counts. The use of cell counts for the detection of abnormal goat milk is discussed.

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