Egg Safety Standards in China Need To Be Improved

2016 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 512-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUOYOU ZHANG ◽  
AILIANG CHEN ◽  
YAN ZHAO ◽  
ZHENZHEN XU ◽  
GANG CHEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Product Standards ◽  
Safety Standards ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Industrial Standards ◽  
Very High

ABSTRACT National and industrial standards used for the certification and inspection of eggs and egg products in the People's Republic of China were reviewed. Although egg production is very high, specific egg and egg product standards are insufficient. Currently, 11 recommended standards and 6 compulsory standards are used to inspect eggs and egg products. Among the related 17 standards, only 6 recommended standards were promulgated for specific egg products even though there are more than 12 kinds of egg products. Egg and egg product standards were formulated and promulgated by six government agencies alone or in cooperation. Communications among agencies should be improved because some of the maximum levels and maximum residue limits for heavy metals, veterinary drugs, and microorganisms are inconsistent among standards, which may confuse producers and customers. The standard for the maximum residue limits of veterinary drugs in eggs and other foods of animal origin need to be revised and updated immediately, which will require the efforts and cooperation of policymakers, researchers, producers, and customers.

scholarly journals Assessment of various veterinary drug residues in animal originated food products

2021 ◽  
pp. 1650-1664
Author(s):  
Jagdish Kumar Parmar ◽  
Kundan Kumar Chaubey ◽  
Vikas Gupta ◽  
Manthena Nava Bharath
Keyword(s):  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Veterinary Drug ◽  
Veterinary Drug Residues ◽  
Drug Residues ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
The Government

The veterinary drugs are broad-spectrum antibacterial antibiotics; it uses to cure the animal disease. Many countries have banned veterinary drug residues like nitrofurans metabolites, chloramphenicol. However, the people were administrated veterinary drugs to animals as illegal to increase the milk production in animals for economic benefit. The results of illegally use of veterinary drugs remain as a residue in animal product like milk and it is very harmful to whom consume it cause cancer and allergic for human being which has entered the concern among milk consumers. To control illegal use of veterinary drugs, the government of India has restricted its use in animals. For the identification and confirmation of veterinary drug residues in animal products, analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry are available. These are very sophisticated equipments which are available nowadays and their methodologies for the analytical method validation are described by European commission 2002/657/EC. The use of veterinary drugs is a big challenge to effectively identify and authorization of their use. There are so many analytical techniques are using very effectively and taking very less time to protect the consumers from their adverse effects. These techniques take very less time to identify more groups of compounds such as tetracycline, sulfonamides, anthelmintic, and macrolides in single multi-residue method. These methods having validation parameters include system precision, calibration curve, accuracy, limit of detection, and quantification. Therefore, improvement in the existing technologies and accessibility of new screening methodologies will give opportunities for automation that helps in obtaining the results in very less time and improved sensitivity and specificity which contribute to better safety assurance, standard, and quality of various food products of animal origin.

China and the Bomb—Chinese Nuclear Strategy

1965 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 74-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morton H. Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Nuclear Weapons ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Delivery Systems ◽  
People’S Republic Of China ◽  
People's Republic Of China ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Nuclear Strategy ◽  
Nuclear Device ◽  
Very High

The detonation of a nuclear device by the People's Republic of China on October 16, 1964, made it unmistakably clear that China attached a very high priority to becoming a militarily effective nuclear power as soon as possible. Although the effect on Chinese economic development has probably been relatively limited thus far, the Chinese are devoting substantial resources to their nuclear programme and may be expected to have militarily effective systems within this decade. The Chinese appear to be considerably further along in the development of nuclear weapons and delivery systems than had been previously anticipated.

A Semiquantitative Approach for Evaluating Safety Assurance Levels for Salmonella spp. throughout a Food Production Chain

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1146-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. SAULI ◽  
J. DANUSER ◽  
C. WENK ◽  
K. D. C. STÄRK
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Systematic Evaluation ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Safety Assurance ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
High Level

Various safety assurance measures are implemented in Switzerland throughout the food production chain to prevent foods of animal origin from being contaminated with Salmonella. The data that are generated from the implementation of these measures are dispersed and heterogeneous. This hinders a general overview and makes a comprehensive national evaluation of the safety assurance level difficult. A semiquantitative method that considers the quality and relevance of the various safety assurance measures for Salmonella spp. was developed. The method uses the data generated from the implementation of safety assurance measures on a national basis (gathered by interviewing stakeholders in the production step). By assembling and analyzing the data systematically, the safety assurance level for Salmonella spp. can be evaluated at every step of the food production chain. This method allows the detection of strengths and weaknesses of the safety system. The systematic evaluation procedures permit comparisons between production steps and product categories. The method was used for evaluating the safety assurance levels throughout the production chain of eggs and egg products in Switzerland. Results of the analysis showed that the overall safety assurance levels for Salmonella spp. at all production steps for eggs and egg products were good. The relatively straightforward implementation of the method made it particularly appropriate in the context of a preliminary evaluation. The method does not have the same high level of detail that is provided by microbial quantitative risk assessments, but it allows an analyst to provide meaningful results when the large amount of data required for a quantitative approach are not present while including the entire “farm to fork” continuum. It may be used as a basis for more in-depth assessments of food safety levels within various production sectors. The method could be adapted for evaluating the safety assurance for other zoonotic foodborne pathogens of interest, such as Campylobacter spp.

A federal and state transport plan for movement of eggs and egg products from commercial egg production premises in a high-pathogenicity avian influenza control area

2009 ◽  
Vol 235 (12) ◽  
pp. 1412-1419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darrell W. Trampel ◽  
Jonathan T. Zack ◽  
Timothy L. Clouse ◽  
Danelle A. Bickett-Weddle ◽  
Gayle B. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Control Area ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
High Pathogenicity ◽  
Transport Plan

Effects of dichlorvos, maldison and pirimiphos-methyl on food consumption, egg production, egg and tissue residues, and plasma acetylcholinesterase inhibition in layer strain hens

1984 ◽  
Vol 24 (124) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAE Pym ◽  
G Singh ◽  
WS Gilbert ◽  
JP Armstrong ◽  
BV McCleary
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Ache Activity ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Ache Inhibition ◽  
Laying Performance ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Pirimiphos Methyl ◽  
The Relationship

In three experiments laying performance was studied in hens given graded levels of maldison, dichlorvos and pirimiphos-methyl either separately or combined in the feed over a four-week test period. Results conclusively demonstrated interaction between dichlorvos and maldison as measured by depressed food consumption and egg production. Combining the three insecticides at levels which when given separately had no effect, severely depressed food consumption and egg production. After four weeks on treatment, birds receiving pirimiphos-methyl at 50 �g/g of diet had residues of 0.08-0.17 �g/g in fat and 0-0.06 �g/g in muscle, and residues of 0-0.07 �g/g maldison were recovered in the fat of birds receiving it at 100 �g/g of diet. No residues of any insecticide were detected in eggs and no dichlorvos residues were detected in any tissues. Plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) levels were reduced by 70% with dichlorvos at 30 �g/g, by 30% with maldison at 100 �g/g and by 90% with pirimiphos-methyl at 50 �g/g. There was no indication of potentiation between insecticides as measured by plasma AChE inhibition, and effects upon food consumption and egg production appeared unrelated to plasma AChE activity. The relationship between food consumption and egg production was similar in groups receiving dichlorvos-maldison mixtures and in those receiving graded levels of untreated food, indicating that the insecticides' effect upon egg production was mediated via a reduced food intake. Maximum residue limits for pesticides in feeds should be based on a total index which takes account of interaction between the different pesticides present.

scholarly journals Different perspectives associated with the development of relevant strategies for maintenance of withdrawal period of veterinary drugs: Bangladesh perspectives

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Md Zobidul Kabir ◽  
Alam Khan ◽  
Md Jahanur Rahman ◽  
Moizur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Monitoring System ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Veterinary Drugs ◽  
Bank Loan ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Capacity Enhancement ◽  
Substantial Role

Veterinary drugs have proven to be one of the most valuable tools in preserving animal health. With an increase in the use and availability of veterinary drugs, residues of veterinary drugs in animal origin food has become a public health concern and has received much attention from government agencies, consumer level, media and other concerned public interest groups. The objectives of the study were to identify the perspectives associated with the poor management for maintenance of withdrawal period of veterinary drugs in Bangladesh so that the development of relevant strategies for maintenance of withdrawal period of veterinary drugs could be achieved in context of environmental realities in Bangladesh. The survey was interpretive in nature using quantitative methods. A non-experimental and descriptive research design was used to conduct this study. The survey study was carried out at seven divisions (i.e. Rangpur, Rajshahi, Khulna, Dhaka, Sylhet, Barishal and Chattogram) in Bangladesh during July 2012 to June 2018 by using close ended questionnaires among randomly selected respondents. Survey instruments were also designed to capture the perspectives of two different groups of government veterinarians: Group 1– Veterinary Surgeons of DLS, Bangladesh and Group 2 –Upazila Livestock Officers of DLS, Bangladesh. The findings indicated the knowledge, beliefs and perceptions of respondents. The research findings divulge that different perspectives/dimensions associated with economic loss, compensation support, awareness, ethical motivation, monitoring system, proper legislation and guideline, cooperative and group livestock production as well as marketing system had „moderate to substantial role‟ with the management for maintenance of withdrawal period of veterinary drugs in Bangladesh. Besides these, findings also indicated that other perspectives/dimensions associated with allocation of subsidies and Bank loan with low interest, opportunity of livestock/ poultry insurance services, capacity enhancement for monitoring system, availability of technology to producers level, extension work with motivation, magistracy empowerment for veterinarians, legal influence, capacity enhancement of DLS staff, building of public awareness on drug residue problem and availability of effective equipment as well as modern analytical techniques for diagnostic analysis of chemical/drug residues also had „moderate to substantial role‟ with the development of relevant strategies for maintenance of withdrawal period of veterinary drugs. Findings indicated that the two groups of veterinarians possessed near to similar/same perceptions across different dimensions/perspectives associated with the development of relevant strategies for maintenance of withdrawal period of veterinary drugs in Bangladesh and that no significant differences in perspectives existed (p> .05). Findings of this study could be implemented for formulation of effective policy as well as guideline with the development of relevant strategies for maintenance of withdrawal period of veterinary drugs in context of environmental realities in Bangladesh. Asian Australas. J. Food Saf. Secur. 2018, 2(2), 71-78

scholarly journals EGG PRODUCTIVITY OF LAYING HENS OF VARIOUS CROSSES

2020 ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
А. А. Astrakhantsev ◽  
◽  
N. А. Lekontseva ◽  
V. V. Naumova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Egg Products ◽  
Udmurt Republic ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Productivity Indicators ◽  
The Cost

Breeders of edible eggs, using various crosses of chickens, try to reduce the cost of production. In this regard, interests of hen crosses that produce egg products with low feed costs and low cost. One of these egg crosses of hens is “Lohmann brown light”. At the same time, domestic poultry farms successfully use the “Lohmann Braun classic”cross poultry. The aim of the study was to evaluate the egg productivity indicators of laying hens of the industrial herd of crosses “Lohmann brown classic”and” Lohmann brown light”. The study was carried out in the conditions of LLC Poultry Farm “Varaksino” of the Udmurt Republic. For the research, 2 groups of hens were formed, consisting of 6 batches each. As a result, hens of the studied crosses were characterized by approximately the same viability and level of livestock preservation – 94.1 – 94.3 %. Crosses of hens “Lohmann brown classic” and “Lohmann brown light” had minor differences in quantitative and qualitative indicators of egg production. Thus, egg production for the initial and average laying hens in the groups was at the level of 348.2 – 350.5 and 353 – 355.2 eggs, respectively. The amount of egg mass from the cross “Lohmann brown classic” hens was 22.9 kg, and from the cross “Lohmann brown light” - 22.6 kg. On an equal background of feeding, there were no differences in the cost of feed for the production of 10 eggs (1.29 – 1.31 kg) and 1 kg of egg mass (2.03 – 2.05 kg) in the studied hen crosses.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document