The Supply Problem and its Solution

2021 ◽  
pp. 14-34
Author(s):  
Alan P. Dobson
Keyword(s):  
Supply Problem

GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY AMID THE GLOBAL CRISIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. 134-141
Author(s):  
P. M. TARANOV ◽  
◽  
A. S. PANASYUK ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Global Food Security ◽  
Food Problem ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Food Security Indicators ◽  
Security Indicators ◽  
Global Food

The authors assess the prospects for solving the global food problem based on an analysis of the dynamics of food security indicators at the global and regional levels. The global food problem at work refers to the growing population of a planet affected by hunger and other forms of malnutrition. The food security situation has worsened for five years - in 2015–2019, and the COVID-19 pandemic has further exacerbated the food supply problem. The prevalence of moderate to severe food insecurity has affected more than 25% of the world's population. In lowincome countries, malnutrition affects more than 58% of the population. Food security is threatened by the consequences of the spread of coronavirus infection in the short term. In the medium and long term, climate change and the crisis in the governance of the world economy are the greatest threats. Modern international economic institutions are unable to withstand the prospect of declining global food security.

Potensi Nilai Kalor Biomassa Dari Ampas Tebu (Bagasse) Yang Bersumber Dari Penjual Minuman Sari Tebu Di Kota Pontianak

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Wahyudi ◽  
Muhammad Ivanto ◽  
Murti Juliandari
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Sugarcane Juice ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Direct Data

Dependence on the provision of electricity using fossil fuels is a major energy supply problem in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to provide new and renewable alternative fuels that are effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly. One of the alternative fuels is bagasse biomass. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of bagasse produced by sellers of sugarcane juice drink in Pontianak City, in order to determine the estimated value of bagasse. The research method used was direct data collection and laboratory testing . Based on the results of the study, the number of vendors of sugarcane juice beverages producing bagasse was 169. Of this amount, produce bagasse that can reach 1,030.9 kg/day. Based on the test results, the estimated moisture content of bagasse was 3.28%, ash content was 0.77%, and carbon remained at 7.65%. So, if converted with the test results of the calorific value of bagasse and made into briquettes bagasse (bio briquettes), which is 19,648 kJ/kg with a density of 0.416 kg/m3, then converted into a potential calorific value of 242,849,280 J/year.

scholarly journals How Long Does a 15-Year Drought Last? On the Correlation of Rare Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 1345-1359 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Rhee ◽  
Jimmy Salazar ◽  
Corwin Grigg
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Tree Ring ◽  
Colorado River ◽  
River System ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Tree Ring Data ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Quantitative Understanding ◽  
Streamflow Statistics

Abstract Communities reliant upon the Colorado River system are at risk of water shortages because of fluctuations of the river’s streamflows. The solution to the water supply problem for the Colorado River system lies within a quantitative understanding of these fluctuations during droughts. Streamflow data (direct and inferred) for the Colorado River extend back approximately 1200 years through the analysis of tree-ring records (Meko et al.; Woodhouse et al.). We further analyze these data using a mathematical model to present estimates for the future water supply of the Colorado River by comparing measured streamflows of the past century with the yearly tree-ring data of the Colorado River. We estimate that the Colorado River system’s reservoirs lack enough stored water reserves to last through the current drought, which has been ongoing since 2000. If true, it is essential to reevaluate the way water is used and stored for the Colorado River. The methods presented are relevant to any river system whose streamflow statistics are Gaussian.

scholarly journals Analisis Penerapan Standar Deviasi Dalam Penentuan Persediaan Pengaman Pada Ud Mirama Kota Gorontalo.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Sasmita R. Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
International Markets ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Safety Stock ◽  
Trading Company ◽  
Service Production ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Local Companies ◽  
Deviation Method

Currently all companies are looking for opportunities in the openness of international markets or global markets. Companies that can enter this global market are companies that have comparative and competitive advantages. It is necessary to make an important decision concerning the level or quantity of production for the manufacturing company, the determination of the amount or stock of merchandise for the trading company as well as the level of service production for the service company. One important aspect that needs proper management is the supply problem. One of the local companies that became the focus or object of research in this writing is UD. Mirama located in Gorontalo Province, especially the city of Gorontalo which sells AC electronic goods and TV. just like any other trading company the company is also having trouble determining the amount of merchandise inventory. Because often companies have difficulty in the amount of safety stock that must be prepared at the time of booking so that companies can anticipate the number of fluctuating demand. With this problem it is necessary to apply a method used as corporate guidance to overcome the problem of inventory. The method that will try to use is standard deviation method in determining the amount of safety stock. This method is applied to see how the most optimal security inventory, which is the most economical, in the sense that not too much which means waste or additional costs that are not necessary or not too little which means there is still danger of running out of inventory. By using model of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the result of research analysis from the research object is the application of standard deviation method can be determined how much the safety stock will be held by the company and can cover the occurrence of stock out when demand increase or fluctuation in demand.

The concave cost supply problem

2003 ◽  
Vol 148 (2) ◽  
pp. 374-383 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satyaveer Singh Chauhan ◽  
Jean-Marie Proth
Keyword(s):  
Concave Cost ◽  
Supply Problem

The Dahomean Middleman System, 1727–c. 1818

1987 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Ross
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
West African ◽  
The West ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
West African Coast ◽  
African Coast ◽  
Trading Partners

During the first quarter of the eighteenth century, European merchants bought more slaves in the Bight of Benin than on any other part of the West African coast. From c. 1720 until 1727 much of their buying was concentrated in Savi, the capital of a small Aja state called Whydah. When the Dahomeans overran Savi in 1727 they stopped the inland slave suppliers from travelling to the coast, prevented the local Hueda from going inland to collect slaves, and insisted that the Europeans bought slaves only from Dahomean dealers. In an attempt to make sure that the Europeans had nothing more to do with their former trading partners the Dahomeans burned the factories in Savi and forced their European occupants to retire to Grehue, Savi's port, a spot on the coast where the Europeans maintained a number of fortified warehouses.The middleman policy did not at first operate satisfactorily. There were two reasons for this. The first was that the Dahomeans were, in practice, unable to prevent the Europeans from continuing to trade with the Hueda. The second was that the inland suppliers refused to sell slaves to Savi's conquerors. The Dahomeans solved their ‘coastal’ problem in the 1740S by placing a garrison in Grehue. This garrison kept the exiled Hueda at bay and held the Europeans in what amounted to open captivity. The Dahomeans were never able completely to solve their ‘supply’ problem. In the 1730s and 1740S the inland merchants took their slaves to ports which opened up on the Bight to the east of Grehue. Only in the 1750s and 1760s did they channel substantial numbers of slaves through Dahomey. In the last decades of the century they again boycotted the Dahomean market. Dahomey therefore prospered as a middleman state only between c. 1748 and c. 1770.An examination of their eighteenth century trading suggests that the Dahomeans were a slave-raiding community whose members realised in 1727 that they would soon run out of fresh raiding grounds. They appear to have introduced their middleman policy in an attempt to ensure that they would continue to profit from slave trading even after they had ceased to be able to take large numbers of captives themselves. Although the policy was by no means a complete success, it was important in that it seems to have led the Dahomeans to begin placing garrisons in the territories they ravaged. It appears, in fact, to have been the pursuit of their middleman goals that led them to begin creating the often described nineteenth century ‘greater’ Dahomean state. The middleman programme ceased to be of much importance after c. 1818, when the fall of Oyo enabled the Dahomeans to resume raiding widely in unexploited territory.

A GIS-based assessment of spatial groundwater quality for drinking purposes in Asmara City, Eritrea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kabral Mogos Asghede ◽  
Dawit Berhane Hagos
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Critical Level ◽  
Groundwater Resources ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Analysis Framework ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Drinking Purposes ◽  
Supply Problem

<p><strong>Abstract</strong>: Presently the water-supply problem in the Asmara area has reached to a critical level. Using a GIS-based method this study identifies the spatial variability of the groundwater quality in the Asmara Area which could be an alternative source. The results show that, the Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Hardness (TH), Chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>), Nitrates (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Sulphate (SO<sub>4</sub>) and pH are 791.71, 569.12, 124.41, 64.46, 155.60, 46.64, 159.26 and 7.72 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the zone map of the developed groundwater quality shows that the potable water without treatment covers about 35%, and the potable water in the absence of better alternate sources covers about 58% of the total area. The remaining, 7.04% of the total, falls under non-potable groundwater quality. The verification of the spatialanalysis demonstrates that the framework is the first one in Eritrea and could be used as a potential prediction for the assessment of the spatial groundwater quality in the countries with further verification results. Hence, the delineation of groundwater quality zones and establishment of a GIS-based database will easily help the decision makersto monitor and plan the utilization of the groundwater resources in the study area.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Groundwater quality; physicochemical parameters; GIS spatial analysis; framework</p>

scholarly journals Over-supply in Public Transportation: Case Study of Bus and Metro Lines in Harbin City, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 471-477
Author(s):  
Shumin Feng ◽  
Xianghao Shen ◽  
Baoyu Hu
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Nash Equilibrium ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Operation Mode ◽  
Utility Model ◽  
Coordinated Development ◽  
Supply Problem ◽  
Harbin City ◽  
Fundamental Reason

As the two most important modes in public transportation, the coordinated development of bus and metro networks significantly influences the efficiency of public transportation. However, two parallel bus and metro lines belonging to different operators may lead to supply competition and consequently yield over-supply. Taking two parallel bus and metro lines in Harbin city, China as a case study, this paper, drawing on game theory, establishes a utility model based on the two lines’ frequencies, and reveals and explains the fundamental reason for the over-supply problem using a Nash equilibrium. In an attempt to resolve this issue, the study proposes a new operation mode: integrating frequencies of the two modes to obtain larger total profits then reallocating the total profits to the two modes. The case study shows that this new operation mode can effectively solve the over-supply problem while satisfying both operators of the two modes, and hence having practical value.

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