Potensi Nilai Kalor Biomassa Dari Ampas Tebu (Bagasse) Yang Bersumber Dari Penjual Minuman Sari Tebu Di Kota Pontianak

Dependence on the provision of electricity using fossil fuels is a major energy supply problem in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to provide new and renewable alternative fuels that are effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly. One of the alternative fuels is bagasse biomass. The purpose of this study was to determine the amount of bagasse produced by sellers of sugarcane juice drink in Pontianak City, in order to determine the estimated value of bagasse. The research method used was direct data collection and laboratory testing . Based on the results of the study, the number of vendors of sugarcane juice beverages producing bagasse was 169. Of this amount, produce bagasse that can reach 1,030.9 kg/day. Based on the test results, the estimated moisture content of bagasse was 3.28%, ash content was 0.77%, and carbon remained at 7.65%. So, if converted with the test results of the calorific value of bagasse and made into briquettes bagasse (bio briquettes), which is 19,648 kJ/kg with a density of 0.416 kg/m3, then converted into a potential calorific value of 242,849,280 J/year.

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Energy Resource of Charcoals Derived from Some Tropical Fruits Nuts Shells

International Journal of Renewable Energy Development ◽

10.14710/ijred.9.1.29-35 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 29-35 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Damgou Mani Kongnine ◽

Pali Kpelou ◽

N’Gissa Attah ◽

Saboilliè Kombate ◽

Essowè Mouzou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bulk Density ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Unit Volume ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Tropical Fruits ◽

Teak Wood ◽

Sulfide Content ◽

Coconut Shells

This work was focused on carbonizing four tropical fruits shells wastes such as: coconut shells (CS), palmyra shells (PS), doum palm shells (DPS), whole fruit of doum palm (WFDP) and teak wood (TW) used as control. The aim was to investigate the potential of those biochar to be used as an alternative energy source in replacement ofcharcoal. The raw biomasses samples were carbonized under the same conditions and some combustion characteristics of the obtained biochar such as lower calorific value, energy per unit volume associated to bulk density, ash content, moisture content and ash mineral content were investigated. The temperature in the furnace was estimated during carbonization process using a K-type thermocouple. The thermal profile of the studied raw biomasses reveals three phases of carbonization. The biochar yield drops significantly for all biomasses as the final maximum temperature increases. The average yields obtained ranged from 37.81 % for palmyra shells to 27.57 % for the doum palm shells. The highest yield achieved was 42.32 % obtained at 280 °C for palmyra shells, the lowest yield (24.42 %) was recorded at the highest maximum temperature of 590 ° C for doum palm shells. The results of energy parameters of the studied biochar showed that coconut shells charcoal presented the highest lower calorific value (28.059 MJ.kg-1), followed by doum palm shells (26.929 MJ.kg-1) when, with 25.864 MJ.kg-1, whole fruit of doum palm charcoal showed the lowest lower calorific value. Similarly, with the highest bulk density of 0.625 g/cm3 coconut shells charcoal presented the highest energy per unit volume (17536.88 J/cm3), whereas with the lowest bulk density of 0.415 g/cm3, whole fruit of doum palm charcoal presented the lowest energy per unit volume. The ash content analysis showed that whole fruit of doum palm had the highest ash content (18.75 %) and palmyra nut shells charcoal (8.42 %).Teak wood charcoal, took as control, has the highest lower calorific value (32.163 MJ.kg-1), less dense as coconut shell (0.43 g/cm3), his energy per unit of volume is 13830.09 j/cm3 but the lowest value of as content (2.90 %). Among these biomasses charcoals, only whole fruit of doum palm charcoal ash showed a high chloride and sulfide content respectively 9.73 % and 1.75 % in weight. From these results, the produced charcoals could be used as alternative fuels except for whole fruits of doum palm charcoal which chloride and sulfide content were found high. ©2020. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved

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PEMBUATAN BIOBRIKET DARI GAMBUT DAN AMPAS TEBU SEBAGAI SUMBER BELAJAR MATERI ILMU KIMIA DAN PERANANNYA

Konfigurasi Jurnal Pendidikan Kimia dan Terapan ◽

10.24014/konfigurasi.v1i1.4064 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Lisa Mariati ◽

Yusbarina Yusbarina

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Water Content ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Mass Composition ◽

Mass Variation ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Alternative Source

AbstractHuman needs on fossil fuels is increasing, but the source is limited. Thus, a renewable alternative source is needed. One of them is Biomass. Biomass fuel can be in the form of bio-briquette. Bio-briquette utilization as fuel is based on the carbon content contained in Biomass such as peat and bagasse. This research aimed at knowing bio-briquette quality as fuel and learning source at senior high school. Bio-briquette prepared with variation of peat and bagasse mass composition were 40: 0, 30: 10, 20: 20, 10: 30, 0: 40 (g: g). Bio-briquette was made by using 20 g adhesive kanji. Bio-briquette quality tested was done by testing the water content, ash content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, calorific value, and duration of flame. Bio-briquette the best quality is the mass variation of G 10g: 30g AT with water content of 3.93%, ash content of 6.33%, volatile matter of 46.60%, fixed carbon of 43.14%, calorific value of 5986 cal / g , duration of flame 210 minutes and the mass variation 0g G: 40g AT with water content of 2.33%, ash content of 3.83%, volatile matter of 49.47%, calorific value of 6198 cal / g, duration of flame 250 minutes. Preparing bio-briquette of peat and bagasse as learning source on chemistry material and its implementation was on the category of good (93.33%). Keywords: Bio-briquette, Peat, Bagasse, Quality test

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Experimental Investigation of Four Stroke Diesel Engine Performance Using Neem Oil and Neem Oil with Hydrogen as a Fuel

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1559 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 592-594 ◽

pp. 1559-1563

Author(s):

Thangaraju Rajasekaran ◽

K. Duraisamy ◽

K.R. Arvindd ◽

D. Thamilarasu ◽

Venkatachalam Chandraprabu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Demand ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Driving Forces ◽

Environmental Concern ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Neem Oil ◽

Combustion Properties ◽

Ci Engines

Depletion of fossil fuels, unaffordability of conventional fuels (petrol, diesel) and atmospheric pollution lead researchers to develop alternative fuels. Fuels derived from renewable biological resources used in diesel engines are known as biodiesel. Biodiesel is environmental friendly liquid fuel similar to petrol and diesel in combustion properties. Increasing environmental concern, diminishing petroleum reserves and agriculture based economy of our country are the driving forces to promote biodiesel as an alternate fuel. Hydrogen seems to be viable fuel to meet sustainable energy demand with minimum environmental impact. Hydrogen has high calorific value and clean burning characteristics which makes it effective fuel for future. It was found that hydrogen usage reduce emissions such as CO2and HC. India is one of the largest producers of neem oil and its seed contains 30% oil content. It is an untapped source in India, so the neem oil usage will be a best option. The investigation made on pure neem oil and neem oil with hydrogen addition at different flow rate (2 lpm & 4 lpm) in CI engines. The result shows that, brake thermal efficiency of neem oil with 4 lpm hydrogen was increased to 7.98% compare to pure neem oil at 4 Nm torque and fuel consumption of neem oil with 4 lpm hydrogen was decreased to 13.49% compared to pure neem oil at 4 Nm torque.

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PENGARUH ABSORSI GAS CO2 DAN H2S DALAM BIOGAS MENGGUNAKAN PASTA BATU APUNG TERHADAP PENINGKATAN UNJUK KERJA MOTOR BAKAR

Dinamika Teknik Mesin ◽

10.29303/d.v6i1.23 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rudy Sutanto ◽

Ida Bagus Alit ◽

Gilang Rezeki

Keyword(s):

Flow Rate ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Motor Fuel ◽

Energy Resources ◽

Test Results ◽

Pumice Stone ◽

Heating Value ◽

Biogas Purification

Human dependence on fossil fuels cause the reserves of energy resources is increasingly reduced. To overcome these problems is urgently needed alternative fuels which are cheap and readily available, one alternative fuel is biogas. However, the use of biogas not yet maximized because of low heating value of the biogas produced from the process without purification. Premium fueled vehicle proved to be turned on using biogas. Tests conducted on the variation of the engine rotation of 1500, 2500, 3500, and 4500 rpm and variations of biogas that has been purified using the paste pumice stone with a variation of the flow rate of purification of 2 liters / minute, 6 liter / minute, and 10 liters / minute. In this test should be able to get the best performance in terms of fineness engine rotation (force braking and fuel consumption). From the test results with the variation of rotation and flow rate variations purification of biogas obtained performance of the motor fuel of the best on rotation 4500 rpm with a flow rate of fuel biogas purification of 2 liters / minute produces a torque value of 6.98 Nm and an effective power of 3288.09 Watt while the value SFCE by 0.33 Liter / Jam.Watt. This proves that, biogas purification using paste pumice stone is able to improve quality of biogas.

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PENGARUH KOMPOSISI BRIKET BIOMASSA KULIT KACANG TANAH DAN ARANG TONGKOL JAGUNG TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BRIKET

Dinamika Teknik Mesin ◽

10.29303/d.v5i2.38 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Purnawarman Purnawarman ◽

Nurchayati Nurchayati ◽

Yesung Allo Padang

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Agricultural Waste ◽

Ash Content ◽

Heating Value ◽

Renewable Biomass ◽

Lower Heating Value ◽

Petroleum Reserves ◽

Lower Heating

Energy crisis in the world especially from fossil fuels which caused by the depletion of non-renewable petroleum reserves. It is therefore necessary to find sources of alternative fuels that are renewable. Biomass is a solid waste that can be used as a fuels source. Peanuts shell and cobs are biomass from agricultural waste which is quite abundant so it is potential to be used as a source of alternative fuels.In this study, peanuts shell biomass combined with charcoal cobs to be made into briquettes by varying the percentage composition of peanuts shell biomass and charcoal cobs as follows 75 : 25, 50 : 50, and 25 : 75. Briquettes that have been printed and then tested its characteristic include heating value, moisture content and ash content.The results show that as the increasing percentage of the charcoal cobs have a significant influence on the characteristic of the briquettes. Briquettes with mix KKT 25 : ATJ 75 has an higher heating value (HHV) and lower heating value (LHV) the highest is equal to 28.718 kJ/kg and 28.279 kJ/kg, and the lowest percentage of moisture content is equal to 5.854%, but the highest result percentage of ash content is equal to 9.326%. Based on the test of these characteristic, biomass briquettes peanuts shell - charcoal cobs meet quality standards that have been established and eligible to became a source of alternative fuels.

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ANALISIS POTENSI REFUSE DERIVED FUEL (RDF) DARI SAMPAH PADA TEMPAT PEMBUANGAN AKHIR (TPA) DI KABUPATEN TEGAL SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR INCINERATOR PIROLISIS

SINTEK JURNAL: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Mesin ◽

10.24853/sintek.13.1.51-59 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 51

Author(s):

Mutiara Fadila Rania ◽

I Gede Eka Lesmana ◽

Eka Maulana

Keyword(s):

Power Generation ◽

Moisture Content ◽

Laboratory Testing ◽

Laboratory Tests ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Ash Content ◽

Plastic Waste ◽

Volatile Content ◽

Know How ◽

Refuse Derived Fuel

The garbage dumping in Tegal Regency has reached 989.8 m3/day and increasing every year. The percentage of waste in Murareja landfill is dominated by plastic waste which is 40.15%. The plastic waste will be processed by pyrolysis by utilizing Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) as its fuel. The percentage of garbage in Murareja TPA that can be used as RDF is quite high, which is 28.7%, consisting of 15.35% paper waste, 2.35% rubber / leather waste, 2% garbage cloth, 1% wood waste, and 8% plastic waste. The waste is considered potentially to be produced into RDF. The production of RDF aims to convert the combustible waste fraction from 4K1P waste (Paper, Wood, Fabrics, Rubber / Leather and Plastics) to be fueled. Therefore it is important to know how much potential of 4K1P waste to be processed into RDF, and how optimal calorific value of RDF is to be used as fuel of pyrolysis incinerator on Waste Power Generation at Murareja TPA, Tegal regency. Based on the result of the research that has been done, the theoretical value of the theoretical value of 4K1P RDF briquette is 3677.0945 - 5507.114 [kcal / kg]. From the actual data obtained with laboratory testing the value of RDF beverage caloric waste 4K1P RDF amounted to 3973.45 [kCal / kg]. The optimal calorific value of RDF required as a pyrolysis incinerator fuel is 3248.809 [kcal / kg]. Based on the results of laboratory tests, the percentage of moisture content, ash content, volatile content and carbon content are 4.68%, 11.64%, 7.81% and 75.87% respectively.

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Hasil Pengujian Proksimasi Dan Gas Buang Pada Briket Campuran Limbah Serutan Kayu, Sekam Padi Dan Bulu Ayam

Jurnal Teknik Mesin ◽

10.30630/jtm.14.1.489 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (1) ◽

pp. 33-39

Author(s):

Muhamad Rizky Adipratama ◽

Reza Setiawan ◽

Najmudin Fauji

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Rice Husk ◽

Alternative Energy ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Volatile Matter ◽

Ash Content ◽

Biomass Energy ◽

Fixed Carbon ◽

Wood Shavings

Biomass energy is one that can be used as an alternative energy as a substitute for fossil fuels and can also be useful for reducing environmental pollution due to increasing waste or waste. The manufacture of briquettes from chicken feather waste, wood shavings and rice husk waste aims to help deal with the problem of waste and use it as an alternative fuel. The making of briquettes is carried out by the process of drying the ingredients, charcoal, milling, sieving, kneading, printing, drying, proximate testing and measuring emissions on the briquettes. In this study, the composition of a mixture of chicken feathers (30%, 40%, 50%), wood shavings and rice husk (35%, 30%, 25%) was treated as well as particle sizes of 30 mesh and 60 mesh. The results of this study indicate that the lowest moisture content is in sample B2 of 4.5%. The lowest levels of volatile matters were in sample A1 of 37.4%. The lowest ash content was found in sample B3 at 10.8%. The highest fixed carbon was found in sample A3 at 45.1%. The highest calorific value (Gross Calorific Value) is found in the B3 sample of 5594 Kcal / Kg. And it has the highest CO, CO2, and HC emissions produced from the briquettes, namely 0.24%, 0.8%, 46 ppm. The properties of briquettes that have met SNI standards are moisture content, calorific value (except for sample A1), and the resulting emissions. And those that have not met SNI standards are the levels of volatile matter, ash content and fixed carbon. The resulting briquette can be used because the calorific value obtained is quiet high, which is above the specified standard of ≥ 5000 Kcal/Kg.

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The Use of Biodrying to Prevent Self-Heating of Alternative Fuel

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma12183039 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (18) ◽

pp. 3039 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Teresa Gajewska ◽

Mateusz Malinowski ◽

Maciej Szkoda

Keyword(s):

Alternative Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

The Self ◽

Process Efficiency ◽

Self Heating ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

Refuse Derived Fuels ◽

The Impact

Alternative fuels (refuse-derived fuels—RDF) have been a substitute for fossil fuels in cement production for many years. RDF are produced from various materials characterized by high calorific value. Due to the possibility of self-ignition in the pile of stored alternative fuel, treatments are carried out to help protect entrepreneurs against material losses and employees against loss of health or life. The objective of the research was to assess the impact of alternative fuel biodrying on the ability to self-heat this material. Three variants of materials (alternative fuel produced on the basis of mixed municipal solid waste (MSW) and on the basis of bulky waste (mainly varnished wood and textiles) and residues from selective collection waste (mainly plastics and tires) were adopted for the analysis. The novelty of the proposed solution consists in processing the analyzed materials inside the innovative ecological waste apparatus bioreactor (EWA), which results in increased process efficiency and shortening its duration. The passive thermography technique was used to assess the impact of alternative fuel biodrying on the decrease in the self-heating ability of RDF. As a result of the conducted analyses, it was clear that the biodrying process inhibited the self-heating of alternative fuel. The temperature of the stored fuel reached over 60 °C before the biodrying process. However, after the biodrying process, the maximum temperatures in each of the variants were about 30 °C, which indicates a decrease in the activity of microorganisms and the lack of self-ignition risk. The maximum temperatures obtained (>71 °C), the time to reach them (≈4 h), and the duration of the thermophilic phase (≈65 h) are much shorter than in the studies of other authors, where the duration of the thermophilic phase was over 80 h.

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PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH CANGKANG BIJI KARET DENGAN ADITIF TEMPURUNG KELAPA SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF MELALUI TEKNOLOGI PEMBRIKETAN

JTAM ROTARY ◽

10.20527/jtam_rotary.v1i1.1400 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 39

Author(s):

Randi Nasarudin ◽

Abdul Ghofur

Keyword(s):

Alternative Energy ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Matter Content ◽

Ash Content ◽

Fuel Oil ◽

Raw Material ◽

Coconut Shell ◽

Additional Material

The development of alternative energy sources that can replace fuel oil is very important to utilize natural resources optimally and environmentally. The shell produced from rubber plants is the main ingredient in this study, while the coconut shell is an additional material used to increase the calorific value of alternative fuels which is often referred to as Briquette. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of variations in raw material composition and variations in pressure on the quality of rubber shells and coconut shell waste briquettes according to SNI standards. The raw material for rubber shell and coconut shell is processed into charcoal using carbonization method with a variation of a mixture of 85%: 15%, 90%: 10% and 95%: 5% with 5% adhesive. Then mix the printed material with a pressure of 300 kg/cm2 and 100kg/cm2. The quality parameters of briquettes are based on SNI 01-6235-2000 standards with moisture content, ash content, volatille matter content, and lacquer value. The results of the study showed that the sample b1 with 85% injection: 15% print pressure 300kg/cm2. The briquette with the sample code b1 has a water content value of 5,10432%, ash content of 14,8604%, volatile matter content of 12,8002%, carbon value of 66,8225% and heating value of 6576.592501 cal/gr. But overall the briquettes have not met the standards of SNI 01-6235-2000 concerning the quality of wood charcoal briquettes. Because the ash content of the briquette exceeds the maximum limit that has been determined, namely a maximum of 8%. Keywords: Alternative Energy, Rubber Seed Shell, Coconut Shell, Pressure

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Finding the balance between the energy security and environmental protection in Serbia

Thermal Science ◽

10.2298/tsci100430015b ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 14 (suppl.) ◽

pp. 15-25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Masa Bukurov ◽

Milun Babic ◽

Blazo Ljubicic

Keyword(s):

Energy Supply ◽

Alternative Fuels ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

New Technologies ◽

Ghg Emissions ◽

Environmental Footprint ◽

Generation System ◽

Power Generation System ◽

Reduce Emissions ◽

To Come

There are very few issues that are as important to our collective future as energy. Like everyone else, Serbia has its stake in reducing energy price, enhancing the security of energy supply, and reducing emissions, including greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions associated with fossil fuels. In the years to come Serbian economy is expected to grow and industry to search and explore the potential of using cleaner alternative fuels. There is a lot that could be done to conserve energy and to reduce environmental footprint. But the most important thing that could be done to enable Serbian industry to reduce emissions is the implementation of a modernized Power Generation system. At the same time the reality can?t be neither sugarcoated nor ignored and alternatives to fossil fuel will succeed only if they are economically feasible for suppliers and users alike. New technologies currently under development should be considered to allow Serbia the use of energy resources in a more efficient ways and with better protection of the environment. If successfully deployed, the development of alternative, renewable fuels will allow Serbian energy sector to effectively decouple its growth from GHG emissions. This paper explore opportunities and the potential of alternative fuels for increasing competition in energy supply, for reducing emissions and in Serbia while decreasing dependence on imported energy.

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