Pricing and profiting in copyright: introducing an Islamic perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-178
Author(s):  
Ainee Adam
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Exceptions And Limitations ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Access To Knowledge ◽  
Alternative Set

The economic rights granted to copyright holders are, at times, an obstacle to the public's right of access to knowledge as the works are priced beyond the means of their consumers. Recognizing this, the three-step test in Article 13 of the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights Agreement provides exceptions and limitations to the copyright holders’ economic rights. It is, however, arguable that the test is inadequate in balancing the rights and interests of the copyright holders and the public. It is observed that most of the available literature on this issue is based on Western principles and thought. This article, therefore, proposes that scholarship from an alternative set of knowledge could potentially shed some light on the matter. In particular, it suggests that an Islamic perspective on pricing and profiting could provide a more appropriate balance that would grant equitable access to knowledge, research and education to the general public, while ensuring that copyright holders (and authors) remain incentivized to produce high-quality literary work. In so doing, the article introduces one of the first steps in applying Islamic economic principles to contemporary copyright issues.

Copyright

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Ginsburg
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Fair Use ◽  
Free Expression ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Performance ◽  
Economic Rights ◽  
The Public ◽  
Distribution Right ◽  
Exceptions And Limitations

This chapter offers an overview of copyright in general in common law and civil law countries, with an emphasis on the United States (US) and the European Union (EU). It addresses the history and philosophies of copyright (authors’ right), subject matter of copyright (including the requirement of fixation and the exclusion of “ideas”), formalities, initial ownership and transfers of title, duration, exclusive moral and economic rights (including reproduction, adaptation, public performance and communication and making available to the public, distribution and exhaustion of the distribution right), exceptions and limitations (including fair use), and remedies. It also covers the liability of intermediaries, and new copyright obligations concerning technological protections and copyright management information. It concludes with some observations concerning the role of copyright in promoting creativity and free expression.

Dari Idealisme ke Pragmatisme: Pergeseran Paradigma dalam Pengembangan Hukum Ekonomi Syariah di Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-210
Author(s):  
Addiarrahman Addiarrahman ◽  
Illy Yanti
Keyword(s):  
Focus Group ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Business World ◽  
Key Informants ◽  
The Public ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
Legal Consideration ◽  
Economic Law ◽  
Islamic Economic

This study seeks to understand the pragmatism of the development of sharia economic law, and its implications for Islamic financial products in Indonesia. The data comes from the results of interviews and focus group discussions with key informants from academics, practitioners, authorities, and the public. This research finds that pragmatism in the development of Islamic economic law is an approach that still dominates the DSN-MUI fatwas. The pragmatism style used is complex-eclectic pragmatism which is represented through makhārij al-fiqhiyyah, which is to choose a mild opinion by sticking to the strongest method or also called "taysīr al-manhajī". The use of this method is intended to ensure that the fatwa is truly able to answer the needs of the business world, as well as being in line with sharia principles. DSN-MUI also does not use maslahah as a legal consideration in a free or liberal way. Rather, it returns maslahah in consideration of the method, so that it is permissible to use the bay’ al-'inān contract only in a forced state (ḍarurah).

scholarly journals ANALISIS DAN EVALUASI IMPLEMENTASI PENGELOLAAN KEPEMILIKAN UMUM DAN NEGARA DI INDONESIA (PENDEKATAN MADZHAB HAMFARA)

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Murtiyani ◽  
Hery Sasono ◽  
Dwi Condro Triono ◽  
Hanifah Zahra
Keyword(s):  
Economic System ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Public Ownership ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wealth Management ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Islamic Economic ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to analyze and critically evaluate the implementation of the management of public ownership (Milkiyah 'ammah) and State ownership (Milkiyah Daulah) in Indonesia. This study descriptively describes the implementation of both ownerships that are currently practicing in Indonesia. Theoretical approaches used is the Islamic Economic System Madzhab Hamfara (Hadza Min fadzli Rabbi) who critically evaluate the implementation of the public wealth management and state wealth in Indonesia. This research used secondary data that was obtained from Madzhab Hamfara books, literature, journal and information relating to the Indonesian State assets management system. A comparative analysis was conducted to understand the difference between the public wealth management and state wealth management in Indonesia. Findings show that the management of both, public and state ownership are not in accordance to the ownership management approach of Madzhab Hamfara Islamic Economic System. The evidence suggests that both public and state ownership are not fully managed by the Government of Indonesia. The fact shows that public ownership in the form of water, fire and pastures are managed by individuals and institutions as well as foreign parties who have fund to privatize the public ownership. Consequently, it has the impact on unequal distribution of income that cause poverty in Indonesia. This research suggest that government should implement Islamic Economic System Madzhab Hamfara in managing public and state ownership in Indonesia. =========================================== Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi secara kritis penerapan pengelolaan kepemilikan umum (Milkiyah 'Ammah) dan kepemilikan negara (Milkiyah Daulah) di Indonesia. Studi ini menjelaskan secara deskriptif tentang implementasi pengelolaan kedua kepemilikan tersebut yang sekarang dipraktikkan di Indonesia. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Sistem Ekonomi Islam Madzhab Hamfara (Hadza Min fadzli Rabbi) yang secara kritis mengevaluasi implementasi pengelolaan kepemilikan umum dan negara di Indonesia. Kajian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang berasal buku-buku madzhab Hamfara, literatur, artikel jurnal dan informasi lainnya yang terkait dengan pengelolaan aset di Indonesia. Analisis perbandingan juga dilakukan untuk memahami perbedaan pengelolaan kepemilikan umum dan kepemilikan negara. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan kepemilikan, baik kepemilikan umum maupun negara di Indonesia, tidak dijalankan sesuai dengan sistem ekonomi Islam Madzhab Hamfara. Bukti-bukti menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan kepemilikan publik dan negara tidak sepenuhnya dilakukan oleh negara. Fakta juga menunjukkan bahwa kepemilikan tersebut lebih banyak diserahkan kepada lembaga-lembaga privat bahkan lembaga-lembaga asing. Akibatnya, kesenjangan pendapatan yang menjadi pemicu kemiskinan terus terjadi. Kajian ini menyarankan agar pemerintah mengimplementasikan sistem ekonomi Islam Madzhab Hamfara dalam pengelolaan kepemilikan umum dan negara di Indonesia.

scholarly journals Gender Construction in Islamic Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-56
Author(s):  
Aditya Yuli Sulistyawan ◽  
Siti Sarah Nurfaidah
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Gender Construction ◽  
The Public ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Broad Audience ◽  
The Social ◽  
Islamic Society ◽  
The Ideal

Gender issues are still a topic that is often discussed in society. Gender is related to the social construction of the division of activities between women and men. Along with the development of times there are many assumptions that say that women still accept injustice and are still discriminated against so that many are demanding gender equality for women. In the Qur'an many verses describe justice and equality between women and men in their responsibilities and carrying out their role, but there are still many people who do not understand the contents of the verses in question. The public or broad audience needs to understand gender construction in this Islamic perspective to be able to realize the ideal gender construction in life, especially in the context of Islamic society.

scholarly journals The California environmental DNA “CALeDNA” program

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel S Meyer ◽  
Emily E Curd ◽  
Teia Schweizer ◽  
Zack Gold ◽  
Dannise Ruiz Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Dna ◽  
Conservation Genomics ◽  
The Public ◽  
Biodiversity Inventories ◽  
Research And Education ◽  
Science Framework ◽  
Community Complexity ◽  
Community Science ◽  
Threaten Species ◽  
The University

AbstractGlobal change is leading to habitat shifts that threaten species persistence throughout California’s unique ecosystems. Baseline biodiversity data provide opportunities for ecosystems to be managed for community complexity and connectivity. In 2017, the University of California Conservation Genomics Consortium launched the California Environmental DNA (CALeDNA) program, a community science initiative monitoring California’s biodiversity through environmental DNA (eDNA)—DNA shed from organisms through fur, mucus, spores, pollen, etc. Community scientists collect soil and sediment samples, then researchers analyze the eDNA in the samples and share results with the public. The results are catalogues of thousands of organisms per sample, ranging from microbes to mammals. The CALeDNA website presents biodiversity inventories in a platform designed for the public and researchers alike, as well as user-friendly analysis tools and educational modules. Here, we present CALeDNA as a scalable community science framework that can harmonize with future biodiversity research and education initiatives.

scholarly journals PUBLIC DEBT AS A SOURCE OF FINANCING FOR GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF ISLAMIC SCHOLARS

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-290
Author(s):  
Imron Mawardi ◽  
Tika Widiastuti ◽  
Debrina Farrah Anova ◽  
Muhammad Ubaidillah Al Mustofa ◽  
Dewie Saktia Ardiantono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Debt ◽  
Foreign Debt ◽  
General Knowledge ◽  
The Public ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
External Sources ◽  
Internal Sources ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Projects ◽  
Conceptual Research

Purpose of the study: This study aims to examine foreign debt as a source of financing for economic development. This research is expected to provide (1) an overview of debt as a source of funding for state projects, (2) investigate its impacts and (3) offer additional knowledge of its Islamic perspective. Methodology: This research is a qualitative study using the study literature approach. This research is conducted by analysing books, literature, journals, and magazines with themes related to the focus of the discussion on this study. It is expected that the method used can provide insight, general knowledge, and develop the view of Islam in relation to foreign debt. Main Findings: The government has to ensure that the state has the ability to pay off its obligations in the future; guarantee that loans have to be free from interest; prioritize taking loans from internal sources rather than external sources. In Addition, debts are not intended for deferred needs and not taking loans that exceed their needs. Applications of this study: basically the results of this study can be applied to any country that considers the use of public debt, like other Islamic systems. Novelty/Originality of this study: This research is conceptual research in an Islamic perspective. This study successfully examined comprehensively related to the public debt with the Islamic approach.

scholarly journals RESEPSI MASYARAKAT DAN WISATAWAN TERHADAP KARYA SENI MURAL DI KAWASAN KRUENG DHO DAN KRUENG DAROY KOTA BANDA ACEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Susandro Susandro ◽  
Hatmi Negria Taruan ◽  
Muhammad Ghifari
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Methods ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Public ◽  
Islamic Perspective ◽  
Mural Art ◽  
Banda Aceh ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

AbstrakKarya seni mural berkemungkinan dapat mendorong meningkatkan kepariwisataan, hingga sejalan dengan meningkatnya perekonomian suatu masyarakat atau perihal lainnya. Namun, persoalannya ialah karya seni mural bertentangan dengan suatu ketentuan, khususnya sebagaimana yang terdapat dalam syariat Islam. Secara jelas dinyatakan dalam syariat Islam, dilarang membuat gambar yang menyerupai makhluk yang bernyawa atau memiliki ruh, seperti gambar manusia dan hewan. Akan tetapi, gambar tersebut dapat ditemui di pagar dan dinding-dinding rumah warga di bantaran Krueng Dho dan Krueng Daroy, Kota Banda Aceh. Faktanya, Aceh merupakan satu-satunya provinsi di Indonesia yang menjadikan syariat Islam sebagai landasan hukum Peraturan Daerah. Tujuan penelitian ini tidak bermaksud ‘memperuncing’ kontradiktif tersebut, melainkan ingin mengetahui pandangan masyarakat terhadap karya seni mural dari perspektif Islami dan berbagai kemungkinan dampak lainnya. Guna mencapai tujuan tersebut, penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi, melakukan wawancara – terencana maupun tidak terencana – kepada masyarakat yang dianggap relevan, serta studi pustaka. Kemudian hasil penelitian dibangun berdasarkan analisis terhadap data, paparan bagaimana resepsi masyarakat terhadap karya seni mural dari sudut pandang syariat Islam.Kata Kunci: syariat Islam, mural, kontradiktif, resepsi.AbstractMural art is most likely to be able to encourage increased tourism, so that it is in line with plans to increase people's income or other matters. However, the question is the mural art which is opposed to the provisions, especially those relating to Islamic law. Clearly stated in Islamic Shari'a, released images are released that have life or spirit, such as pictures of humans and animals. However, the picture can be found on the fence and walls of the houses of the residents on the banks of Krueng Dho and Krueng Daroy, Banda Aceh City. In fact, Aceh is the only province in Indonesia that makes Islamic Sharia a legal basis for Regional Regulations. The purpose of this study is not to discuss 'trusting' these contradictions, discussing the public about mural works from an Islamic perspective and various other perspective changes. In order to achieve this goal, the study was conducted using descriptive qualitative methods. Data is collected by observation, conducting interviews - unplanned - for the community considered relevant, as well as literature study. Then the research results are built based on an analysis of the data, a presentation about the community of mural art from the perspective of Islamic law.  Keywords: Islamic sharia, murals, contradictions, receptions. 

DISCUSSION ON “AYKOL MANAS” IN THE CONTEXT OF THE HISTORICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHAMANISM AND STORYTELLING AMONG THE KYRGYZ PEOPLE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 12-34
Author(s):  
Nestor A. Manichkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Social Field ◽  
Public Discussion ◽  
The Public ◽  
The World ◽  
Historical Relationship ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
The One

The article dwells upon connection between the two most important Kyrgyz traditions: shamanism ( bakshylyk ) and storytelling ( zhomokchuluk ). It considers the general cultural and social field that forms some features that are characteristic of both shamans and storytellers, as well as the traces of pre-Islamic culture that can be found in the world of the Kyrgyz epic. Special attention is paid to the post-folklor version of the epic “Manas” – the dastan “Aykol Manas” and the public discussion around that literary work. The discussion reflects, on the one hand, specific aspects of the understanding of the Kyrgyz epic tradition, and on the other hand, a number of characteristic features that accompany modern transformations of Kyrgyz shamanism.

Policy-based Implied Bare Licences

2021 ◽  
pp. 196-230
Author(s):  
Poorna Mysoor
Keyword(s):  
Public Interest ◽  
Common Law ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Step Test ◽  
The Public ◽  
Policy Goals ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Copyright Enforcement ◽  
Prior Relationship

This chapter addresses policy-based implied bare licences. Unlike in the previous chapter, there is no contract in existence and no voluntariness on the part of the copyright owner, and indeed in some cases, no prior relationship between the parties. Historically, English common law has recognised an open-ended power of the courts to restrict or prevent copyright enforcement in the public interest, which has been acknowledged under section 171(3) of the UK Copyright, Designs, and Patents Act 1988. The chapter considers how a successful invocation of this provision implies a bare licence to achieve policy goals. Although there is no statutory equivalent of this provision in other common law jurisdictions considered here, the chapter explores if the power has nevertheless been exercised by the courts based on their inherent powers. Since policy-based implied bare licences produce the same effect on copyright owners as the statutory limitations or exceptions, the framework for implying this type of licence draws inspiration from the three-step test and the fundamental rights regime.

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