scholarly journals A relationship between temperature, oxygen dissolved in blood and viral infections

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Camuffo
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Oxygen Solubility ◽  
Breathing Frequency ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Best Fit

An investigation is made on the environmental factors that may determine the seasonal cycle of respiratory affections. The driving role of temperature is examined, for its inverse synergism with the dissolution of oxygen in human plasma. Two best-fit equations are discussed to interpolate the experimental data about the oxygen solubility and the saturation levels reached at various temperatures, referring to the value of the basic alveolar temperature. A vulnerable condition is when the airways temperature is lowered, e.g. breathing cold air, or increasing the breathing frequency. In winter, the upper airways reach lower temperatures and greater oxygen concentrations; the opposite occurs in summer. As low temperatures increase the dissolution of oxygen in plasma, and blood oxidation favours viral activity, an explanation is given to the seasonality of infections affecting the respiratory system.

scholarly journals Type III interferons disrupt the lung epithelial barrier upon viral recognition

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 369 (6504) ◽  
pp. 706-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achille Broggi ◽  
Sreya Ghosh ◽  
Benedetta Sposito ◽  
Roberto Spreafico ◽  
Fabio Balzarini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Lung Epithelial ◽  
Pathophysiological Role

Viral infections of the lower respiratory tract are a leading cause of mortality. Mounting evidence indicates that most severe cases are characterized by aberrant immune responses and do not depend on viral burden. In this study, we assessed how type III interferons (IFN-λ) contribute to the pathogenesis induced by RNA viruses. We report that IFN-λ is present in the lower, but not upper, airways of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). In mice, we demonstrate that IFN-λ produced by lung dendritic cells in response to a synthetic viral RNA induces barrier damage, causing susceptibility to lethal bacterial superinfections. These findings provide a strong rationale for rethinking the pathophysiological role of IFN-λ and its possible use in clinical practice against endemic viruses, such as influenza virus as well as the emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Treatment of ebola and other infectious diseases: melatonin “goes viral”

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russel J Reiter ◽  
Qiang Ma ◽  
Ramaswamy Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Attractive Potential ◽  
Potential Treatment

This review summarizes published reports on the utility of melatonin as a treatment for virus-mediated diseases. Of special note are the data related to the role of melatonin in influencing Ebola virus disease. This infection and deadly condition has no effective treatment and the published works documenting the ability of melatonin to attenuate the severity of viral infections generally and Ebola infection specifically are considered. The capacity of melatonin to prevent one of the major complications of an Ebola infection, i.e., the hemorrhagic shock syndrome, which often contributes to the high mortality rate, is noteworthy. Considering the high safety profile of melatonin, the fact that it is easily produced, inexpensive and can be self-administered makes it an attractive potential treatment for Ebola virus pathology.  

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

The Role of the Initiator System in the Synthesis of Acidic Multifunctional Nanoparticles Designed for Molecular Imprinting of Proteins

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-41
Author(s):  
Marwa Aly Ahmed ◽  
Júlia Erdőssy ◽  
Viola Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Molecular Imprinting ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Ammonium Persulfate ◽  
Sodium Bisulfite ◽  
Multifunctional Nanoparticles ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Initiator System

Multifunctional nanoparticles have been shown earlier to bind certain proteins with high affinity and the binding affinity could be enhanced by molecular imprinting of the target protein. In this work different initiator systems were used and compared during the synthesis of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid-co-N-tert-butylacrylamide) nanoparticles with respect to their future applicability in molecular imprinting of lysozyme. The decomposition of ammonium persulfate initiator was initiated either thermally at 60 °C or by using redox activators, namely tetramethylethylenediamine or sodium bisulfite at low temperatures. Morphology differences in the resulting nanoparticles have been revealed using scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. During polymerization the conversion of each monomer was followed in time. Striking differences were demonstrated in the incorporation rate of acrylic acid between the tetramethylethylenediamine catalyzed initiation and the other systems. This led to a completely different nanoparticle microstructure the consequence of which was the distinctly lower lysozyme binding affinity. On the contrary, the use of sodium bisulfite activation resulted in similar nanoparticle structural homogeneity and protein binding affinity as the thermal initiation.

Role of environmental factors in the etiology of hepatocellular carcinoma

2010 ◽  
Vol 151 (28) ◽  
pp. 1132-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Tornai
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Hepatitis B Virus ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Virus Hepatitis ◽  
B Virus

A krónikus vírushepatitisek jelentik ma a legismertebb okokat a hepatocellularis carcinoma (HCC) kialakulásában. A krónikus B- és C-vírus-hepatitis a májrákok körülbelül 40-50%-át okozza. A nyugati típusú társadalmakban a HCC előfordulása folyamatosan növekvő tendenciát mutat. Az alkohol számít a környezeti tényezők közül a legfontosabbnak, bár az alkoholfogyasztás a legtöbb országban csökken. Ez aláhúzza az egyéb környezeti tényezők fontosságát is. Az elfogyasztott alkoholmennyiséggel egyenes arányban növekszik a cirrhosis és a következményes HCC gyakorisága nőkben és férfiakban egyaránt. A kémiai anyagok közül a legismertebb a Kínában és Afrikában elterjedt aflatoxin, amely a gabonaféléket szennyező mycotoxin. Hasonló területeken endémiás, mint a hepatitis B-vírus, együtt szinergista hatást fejtenek ki. A dohányzás is egyértelműen bizonyított hepatocarcinogen hatással rendelkezik. Ez is jelentősen fokozódik, ha alkoholfogyasztással vagy vírushepatitisszel társul. Társadalmilag talán a legfontosabb az elhízás, a következményes nem alkoholos zsírmáj, illetve steatohepatitis és a 2-es típusú cukorbetegség, amelyek prevalenciája egyre fokozódik. Feltehetően ezek állnak a növekvő HCC-gyakoriság hátterében. Az inzulinrezisztencia és az oxidatív stressz képezik a legfontosabb patogenetikai lépéseket a májsejtkárosodásban. További fontos rizikótényező az orális fogamzásgátlók elterjedt használata. Egyes foglalkozások esetén a tartós szervesoldószer-expozíció is növeli a HCC rizikóját. Védelmet jelenthetnek az antioxidánsok, a szelén, a gyógyszerek közül a statinok és a feketekávé-fogyasztás.

TEMPERATURE DEPENDENCE BEHAVIOR OF ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IN NOBLE METALS AT LOW TEMPERATURES

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 982-992 ◽  
Author(s):  
M AL-Jalali
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Concentration Dependence ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Phonon Scattering ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Residual Resistivity ◽  
Electron Phonon Scattering

Resistivity temperature – dependence and residual resistivity concentration-dependence in pure noble metals(Cu, Ag, Au) have been studied at low temperatures. Dominations of electron – dislocation and impurity, electron-electron, and electron-phonon scattering were analyzed, contribution of these mechanisms to resistivity were discussed, taking into consideration existing theoretical models and available experimental data, where some new results and ideas were investigated.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

РОЛЬ ФИЗИЧЕСКОЙ РАЗМИНКИ В ПОДГОТОВКЕ К ТРЕНИРОВОЧНЫМ ЗАНЯТИЯМ И СОРЕВНОВАНИЯМ ШАХМАТИСТОВ БГУ

2019 ◽  
pp. 63-65
Author(s):  
Судоргин Е.П. ◽  
Карсакова И.Н.
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Methods Of Evaluation ◽  
Mental Fitness ◽  
Physical Preparation ◽  
Tools And Methods

Аннотация: О роли разминки перед тренировкой и соревнованиями написано много научных статьей и диссертаций. Ещё больше о значимости физической подготовки спортсменов, в том числе и шахматистов. В то же время авторы считают, что вопросу физической подготовки шахматистов и в частности разминке в научной и научно-методической литературе уделяется недостаточно внимания. В своей статье авторы приводят собственные экспериментальные данные о влиянии физических упражнений (разминки) на умственную работоспособность студентов-шахматистов БГУ и как следствие на спортивные результаты команды. Ключевые слова: Шахматы, разминка, умственная работоспособность, средства и методы разминки, методы оценки результатов. Аннотация: Машыгуунун жана мелдештердин алдында даярдоонун ролу жөнүндө көптөгөн илимий макала жана диссертация жазылган. Ошондой эле илимий жана илимий-методикалык адабияттарда шахматка даярдоого көп көңүл бурулбай жатат. Макаланын авторлору шахмат ойногон студенттерге физикалык көнүгүүлөрдүн тийгизген таасири жөнүндө өздөрүнүн эксперименталдык маалыматтарын көргөзүштү. Түйүндүү сөздөр: Шахмат, акыл-дарамет, курулуштар жана ыкмалар, баа берүү жыйынтыгы боюнча кабыл алынат. Abstract: on the role of warm-up before training and competitions written many scientific articles and theses. More about the significance of the physical preparation of athletes, including players. At the same time, the authors believe that the issue of fit- ness players and in particular workout in scientific and scientific-methodical literature neglected. In his article the authors cite their own experimental data on the influence of physical exercises (warm-up) on the mental fitness of students-BSU players and as a result the sport performance team. Keywords: chess, warm-up, mental fitness, workout tools and methods, methods of evaluation results.

The Role of microRNAs in the Viral Infections

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (39) ◽  
pp. 4659-4667 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Fani ◽  
Milad Zandi ◽  
Majid Rezayi ◽  
Nastaran Khodadad ◽  
Hadis Langari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Infections ◽  
Rna Viruses ◽  
Regulation Of Gene Expression ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Viral Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Post Transcriptional Regulation

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs with 19 to 24 nucleotides which are evolutionally conserved. MicroRNAs play a regulatory role in many cellular functions such as immune mechanisms, apoptosis, and tumorigenesis. The main function of miRNAs is the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression via mRNA degradation or inhibition of translation. In fact, many of them act as an oncogene or tumor suppressor. These molecular structures participate in many physiological and pathological processes of the cell. The virus can also produce them for developing its pathogenic processes. It was initially thought that viruses without nuclear replication cycle such as Poxviridae and RNA viruses can not code miRNA, but recently, it has been proven that RNA viruses can also produce miRNA. The aim of this articles is to describe viral miRNAs biogenesis and their effects on cellular and viral genes.

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