scholarly journals Kulisy rosyjskiej polityki wobec Republiki Czeczenii i jej konsekwencje

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 203-224
Author(s):  
Artur Szklarski
Keyword(s):  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Real Image ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Security Service ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
Second Chechen War ◽  
Intelligence Service

The Backstage of the Russian Policy towards the Chechen Republic and its Consequences The Russians lost the First Chechen War. Russia’s federal security service (FSB) organised kidnappings of western citizens to change the real image of the Chechen people in Russia and the West. The FSB agent Adam Deniyev founded the first Wahhabi organisation in Chechnya. Shamil Basayev, who collaborated with Russia’s military intelligence Service (GRU), carried out a series of terrorist attacks in Russia. Gradually, the Chechen national liberation movement was transformed into a jihadist movement. The FSB carried out the infamous bomb attacks in Russia, which, together with Basayev’s land offensive in Dagestan, became the reason for starting the Second Chechen War, won by the Russians. After the attack on the president of Chechnya Akhmad Kadyrov, power was taken over by his son, the dictator Ramzan Kadyrov, who is still ruling today, and is Vladimir Putin’s right-hand man in the North Caucasus.

1. The Jews: Religion or Nation?

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Michael Stanislawski
Keyword(s):  
Jewish People ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
Jewish State ◽  
The West ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
The World ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
Racist Ideology ◽  
Colonial Oppression ◽  
State Of Israel

Zionism—the nationalist movement calling for the establishment and support of an independent Jewish state in its ancient homeland—is one of the world’s most controversial ideologies. Its supporters see it as the national liberation movement of the Jewish people that came to fruition in the creation of the State of Israel in 1948. Its opponents regard it as one of the last forms of colonial oppression in the world, defined by Israel’s occupation of the West Bank in the name of a racist ideology increasingly turning Israel into an apartheid state. “The Jews: Religion or Nation?” outlines the aims of this VSI, which does not promote any particular position on Zionism.

scholarly journals UVO AND OUN UNDERGROUND ACTIVITY IN THE TERRITORY OF POLISSYA VOIVODESHIP (1928 – 1939)

2016 ◽  
pp. 4-9
Author(s):  
Ya. Antoniuk
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Population ◽  
The West ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
The North ◽  
West Part ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Blue Line ◽  
Dark Blue

The article examines characteristic features of Ukrainian Military (UVO) and Ukrainian Nationalists Organizations (OUN) cells creation and activity in the territory of Polissia voivodeship, the Second Polish Republic. That is to say, on the lands which now belong to Belorussia. It is proved that local indigenous population – 'Polishchuks' – actively supported the Ukrainian national liberation movement. The first UMO cells emerged there almost simultaneously with the neighboring Volyn. Moreover, Kovel district became the spread center of Ukrainian nationalists influence on the north. At that time the main OUN means of activity was 'dark-blue line' tactic, when they achieved the influence on legal Ukrainian organizations and propaganda spreading. The strong position among communist underground organizations, which were the main rivals of Ukrainian nationalists, was the regional peculiarity of the locality. It was ascertained that Polissia district leadership's flexibility of UNO allowed to conclude a temporary truce with them and to form the largest anti-Poland rebellion unit in the West part of Ukraine, called 'Polissia Lozovi Cossaks'. Afterwards, it appeared as the precursor of transformation of liberation movement to more extensive level and rise of the first Ukrainian Rebellion Army subordinate units in the territory of Polissia district.

scholarly journals The Dagestani Security Paradigm in the View of Historical Perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-78
Author(s):  
Juraj Hanuliak
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
Radical Islam

Abstract The paper is focused on the largest and ethnically most heterogeneous entity in the North Caucasus – Dagestan. After the consolidation of the security situation in neighboring Chechnya, Dagestan has become a primary security threat as well as a challenge of the North Caucasus region. Because of the ethnic and linguistic heterogeneity, the society based on primarily clan and tribal structures and weak local governments that cannot reasonably control the substantial part of the Dagestani territory, Dagestan has become an ideal base for an expansion of influence of radical Islam in the form of Wahhabism in the North Caucasus. Because of the spread of the Wahhabi ideology in Dagestan, terrorist attacks spread increasingly and the Dagestani society has become fragmented and disrupted. The paper is a case study aiming to describe and analyze the Dagestani security paradigm and its changes in the course of history, with emphasis on the neighboring actors influence.

scholarly journals О Богдо-гэгэне VIII по документам из Центрального архива ФСБ России

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Keemya V. Orlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
National Liberation ◽  
Close Attention ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
Security Service ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
Official Records

Introduction. The 1920s–1930s in Mongolia still give rise to occasional academic debates. And the period does deserve close attention at least due to the ambiguous nature of the then events — complicated, problematic, and largely controversial. The collection of archival materials titled ‘Federal Security Service Archives: Mongolia Documented, 1922– 1936’ deals with this very era. Goals. The paper seeks to review documents housed in the Central Archives of Russia’s Federal Security Service and relating to the 8th Jebtsundamba Khutuktu (Bogd Gegeen) — the last Khan of Mongolia — in the harsh times between the emergence of the national-liberation movement (1911) and the theocrat’s death (1924). Materials. The analyzed official records comprise special messages, coded telegrams, letters, and reports on the 8th Bodg Gegeen’s activities in Mongolia. Some documents deal with reincarnation search arrangements and the movement for restoration of theocracy. Results. The discovered files may significantly contribute to the understanding of the theocrat’s deeds in Mongolia.

Stalin's Postwar Foreign Policy and the National Liberation Movement

1965 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-363
Author(s):  
Donald S. Carlisle
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Viet Nam ◽  
National Liberation ◽  
The West ◽  
American Military ◽  
Underdeveloped Countries ◽  
Liberation Movement ◽  
National Liberation Movement ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Second World

ONE of the major issues over which the Russians and the Chinese have disagreed is the emphasis to be placed on violent or nonviolent tactics in the “national liberation movement” in underdeveloped countries. Recent developments in Viet Nam have focused new attention on this dimension of the Sino-Soviet conflict. American bombings of North Viet Nam have elicited widespread protests in the West based on the fear that this militant response to the South Viet Nam “Liberation Front” portended the involvement of the United States in a major war on the Asian continent that might escalate into a nuclear holocaust. Some commentators have also expressed the fear that the American military reaction might close the split in the Sino-Soviet alliance and drive the two Communist giants together. It is perhaps timely then that we turn our attention to the study of the major features of Soviet strategy regarding Asia and reexamine the earlier phases of Moscow's involvement in underdeveloped countries as they emerged after the Second World War. This reexamination might provide insight into the conditions prompting the Soviet militant strategy between 1948 and 1951 and the subsequent tempered withdrawal and retreat from the risk of a direct confrontation with the West; it might also shed light on Moscow's formula for calculating costs and consequences and illuminate the roots of present conflicting Russian and Chinese approaches to the national liberation movement in underdeveloped countries.

scholarly journals Historical and geographical analysis of the Cronicle of Remmal Khodja “Tarih-i Sahib Giray Khan”

2021 ◽  
pp. 95-117
Author(s):  
Maxim E. Shalak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Historical Geography ◽  
French Translation ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The West ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Caucasus Region ◽  
The North ◽  
History Of ◽  
Military Campaigns ◽  
The Military

This article is devoted to the analysis of the historical work of the famous Ottoman scholar Muhammad Nidai Kaisuni-zade, well known as Remmal Khodja, his work “Tarih-i Sahib Giray Khan”, which was written in the middle of the XVI century. This source, is dedicated to the history of the reign of Khan Sahib Giray (1532–1551), it will be studied here for the purpose of revealing information on the historical geography of the Crimean Khanate and adjacent territories. The beginning of this analysis was published in № 2, 2018 of this journal. In his chronicle Remmal Khodja describes nine military campaigns of Sahib Giray. He describes in details the routes of movement of the Tatar troops, gives the places of crossings and location sites of the troops. Very valuable are the characteristics given by the court historian to the opponents of the khan and descriptions of the terrain on which the fighting was conducted. From the above I mentioned information, it may seem, that Remmal Khodja described the events as if he was its direct witness. In all the military campaigns of Sahib Giray, described by Remmal Khodja, can be traced four directions of those campaigns. To the west – to Moldavia, to the north – to Russia and Lithuania, to the east – to the Astrakhan Khanate, and south-east – to the Caucasus. Of all the directions, the North Caucasus region is described in more detailed way in the source, since Sahib Giray made four campaigns to this territory. The revealed information gives us the chance to clarify the boundaries of the Crimean Khanate, the lands that were in its vassal dependence, the location of sites and fortresses, as well as the areas of residence of some North Caucasian tribes. The only publication of “Tarih-i Sahib Giray Khan” was implemented in 1973 by O. Gökbilgin. The scientist published a Chronicle in the modern Turkish transcription, providing it with a French translation.

The Ossetian-Ingush Confrontation: Explaining a Horizontal Conflict

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 419-429
Author(s):  
Babak Rezvani
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
Ethnic Conflicts ◽  
North Caucasus ◽  
The North ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Former Soviet Republics ◽  
Autonomous Republic ◽  
Post Soviet Space

AbstractTerrorist attacks in the North Caucasus and the eruption of many other ethnic conflicts in the post-Soviet space cause the fear that the old Ossetian-Ingush confrontation may also re-emerge. Ossetians are the only indigenous Christian ethnic group in the predominantly Sunni Muslim North Caucasus. They have fought a war with the Ingush over the Prigorodnyj district, which was part of the Chechen-Ingush Autonomous Republic inhabited mainly by the Ingush before they were deported by Stalin in the early 1940s. After their return, the punished Muslim Ingush have tried in vain to regain their territory, which has ultimately resulted in a bloody war in the early 1990s. Unlike the other wars in the former Soviet republics, this was not a vertical conflict. The present paper tries to analyse the historical background and roots of the antagonism between the two neighbouring North Caucasian peoples.

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