scholarly journals Spread of COVID-19 in India: A Mathematical Model

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 41-47
Keyword(s):  
Differential Equation ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Nature Of Time ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Records ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
The Impact

The COVID-19 pandemic has been the greatest threat to human lives of the entire world since January 2020. In the present article, we discuss a mathematical model regarding the spread of COVID-19 in India. This model is aimed at finding the nature of time dependence of the number of symptomatic patients, officially recorded in the country, during the period from 01 March 2020 to 23 April 2020. The number of persons infected with the coronavirus disease, as declared by the government on a regular basis, is most probably the number of patients who have experienced the symptoms of the disease. The present study is based on a differential equation that has been formed here to find how the number of asymptomatic patients increases with time. The number of symptomatic patients has been estimated from its solution. The nature of its time evolution is found to be quite consistent with the data obtained from government records, for a certain set of parameter values of the model. Using this particular set, we have discussed the impact of imposition of a countrywide lockdown and its withdrawal.

scholarly journals The Impact of Gadget Use on the Aspects of Early Childhood Language Development during Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Vebionita Megi Putri ◽  
Delfi Eliza
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Learning At Home ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Children are generations or descendants as a result of the relationship between men and women, whether in marriage or not. Early childhood is an individual who is experiencing a period of very rapid growth, even though now the entire world is experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic, it is not an obstacle to children's development and growth. With the pandemic, the government is implementing learning at home, the use of technology media is the main key in online learning. This study aims to describe the impact of using gadgets in early childhood in the aspects of language development. This research was conducted using the literature study method in which journals, books and other sources reinforce this research.

scholarly journals Characterizing the Transmission Dynamics of the Cases Registered by Covid-19 in Venezuela According to Epidemic Wave and the Value of the Mantissa

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 8-12
Author(s):  
Raúl Isea
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Input Data ◽  
Transmission Dynamics ◽  
Model Based ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Epidemic Wave ◽  
Over Time

This work characterizes the transmission dynamics of the cases registered by Covid-19 in Venezuela. The needed input data were obtained from the official gazettes issued by the Government of Venezuela, from March 15 to September 9, 2020. Later, the value of the mantissa was determined, revealing the impact of the different outbreaks with special attention to the events at the baseball stadium in Nueva Esparta State, and the Las Pulgas Market located in Maracaibo. Finally, a mathematical model based on four epidemic waves revealed that the cases are increasing significantly over time after the episode that occurred in the Las Pulgas Market.

scholarly journals Use of fractional calculus in modeling of heat transfer process through external building partitions

2018 ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Ewa Szymanek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Differential Equation ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Heat Transfer Process ◽  
Heat Distribution ◽  
Experiment Data ◽  
Numerical Studies ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Fractional Differential ◽  
The Impact

This paper is devoted to experimental and numerical studies of heat distribution in an external building bulkhead. It analyzes the variation of temperature across the width of the bulkheads including the impact of changing external conditions. Mathematical model used in the research is formulated based on a fractional differential equation, which was proven to be a useful tool for describing this type of process in previous paper. Numerical results are compared with experiment data for different bulkhead configurations.

A New Proposal for Setting Parameter Values in Restricted Randomization Methods

2007 ◽  
Vol 46 (04) ◽  
pp. 440-449 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kundt
Keyword(s):  
New Method ◽  
Restricted Randomization ◽  
Varying Parameters ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Intrinsic Quality ◽  
Parameter Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Exact Equality

Summary Objectives: Complete randomization could result in an undesirable imbalance in the number of patients assigned to each treatment, especially in small trials. Therefore, a variety of restricted randomization procedures has been developed. By varying parameters it is possible to appropriately modify the balancing characteristics of these designs. However, there is little information on what are sensible choices for the parameters. Therefore, we suggest a new method for suitable determination of parameter values of restricted randomization rules. Methods: For restriction to be effective, it need not yield exact equality. As the reliability of a test is not very sensitive to slight deviations from equal sample sizes we define that a given maximum tolerable imbalance d can be achieved or exceeded with a given probability p*. By using this condition, parameter values of restricted procedures are determinable. Results: For permuted-block, biased-coin, urn, and big-stick randomization we investigated the impact of parameters on balancing properties. For different extents of restriction and by using the submitted condition, the values of parameters to be chosen are determined. Conclusions: Up to now choice of parameter values has often occurred at random. Now it is possible to determine values of parameters by specifying the tolerable degree of imbalance and the risk to be worse. As a consequence restriction will, as much as possible, not be imposed and not imposed more than necessary in order to preserve the intrinsic quality of randomization.

scholarly journals Ebola virus disease outbreak in Korea: use of a mathematical model and stochastic simulation to estimate risk

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e2019048
Author(s):  
Youngsuk Ko ◽  
Seok-Min Lee ◽  
Soyoung Kim ◽  
Moran Ki ◽  
Eunok Jung
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Stochastic Simulation ◽  
Ebola Virus ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Secondary Infection ◽  
Median Number ◽  
Ebola Virus Disease ◽  
First Case ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Government

OBJECTIVES: According to the World Health Organization, there have been frequent reports of Ebola virus disease (EVD) since the 2014 EVD pandemic in West Africa. We aim to estimate the outbreak scale when an EVD infected person arrives in Korea.METHODS: Western Africa EVD epidemic mathematical model SEIJR or SEIJQR was modified to create a Korean EVD outbreak model. The expected number of EVD patients and outbreak duration were calculated by stochastic simulation under the scenarios of Best case, Diagnosis delay, and Case missing.RESULTS: The 2,000 trials of stochastic simulation for each scenario demonstrated the following results: The possible median number of patients is 2 and the estimated maximum number is 11 when the government intervention is proceeded immediately right after the first EVD case is confirmed. With a 6-day delay in diagnosis of the first case, the median number of patients becomes 7, and the maximum, 20. If the first case is missed and the government intervention is not activated until 2 cases of secondary infection occur, the median number of patients is estimated at 15, and the maximum, at 35.CONCLUSIONS: Timely and rigorous diagnosis is important to reduce the spreading scale of infection when a new communicable disease is inflowed into Korea. Moreover, it is imperative to strengthen the local surveillance system and diagnostic protocols to avoid missing cases of secondary infection.

scholarly journals Poland and Japan ‒ the impact of the Cold War on bilateral relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 147 (3) ◽  
pp. 619-635
Author(s):  
Ewa Pałasz-Rutkowska
Keyword(s):  
Cold War ◽  
International Conflicts ◽  
Mutual Support ◽  
Upper Silesia ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Interwar Era

Bilateral relations between Poland and Japan were generally friendly since the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905), throughout the entire interwar era, after the government of Japan recognized independent Poland after WWI (on 6 March 1919), and even during WWII. What was seen as important was a mutual support on the international arena during international conflicts (such as those in Upper Silesia, Manchuria, etc.) and especially military and espionage cooperation. How did the Cold War influence Polish-Japanese relations? Did the relations, which were until that time friendly, play a role in this period – a time of trouble for the entire world? The author tries to answer these questions, relying on selected and important events and issues from the period of the Cold War (until 1989).

scholarly journals Impact of Covid-19 on MSMES in India and Strategies for Revival of MSMES Post Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 534-536
Author(s):  
Dr. Y. Arundhathi
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Services Sector ◽  
Indian Economy ◽  
Small Industry ◽  
Entire World ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

Today the entire world is under the grip of COVID19. It is impacting the global economy and creating atmosphere of uncertainty. This Pandemic has not spared any sector such as agriculture, corporate, medium and small industry and services sector. MSMEs are the backbone of the Indian economy was hit due to demonetization and GST implementation. In India COVID19 has battered all sectors of the economy MSMEs are the worst hit. MSMES are considered as a growth engine of the nation and they contribute 33.5% of India's manufacturing output, and giving employment to 121million people and generation 45% of India's exports. In this paper an attempt is made to identify the problems of MSMEs, and to study the impact of COVID19 on MSMEs. Another attempt is made to examine the measures taken by the government of India in MSMEs sectors to achieve the dream of self reliant India.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Ophthalmology Trainees in Southern India - A Prospective Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (22) ◽  
pp. 1786-1791
Author(s):  
Chethana Warad ◽  
Arvind Tenagi ◽  
Arya Wakankar ◽  
Pranitha Satarasi ◽  
Umesh Harakuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Study ◽  
Prospective Observational Study ◽  
Elective Surgery ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND COVID-19, caused by a new strain of corona virus 2019-nCoV led to a global pandemic after first manifesting in humans in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. The government of India ordered a nationwide lockdown for 21 days, which was then extended. Hence, ophthalmology, being a branch which largely deals with elective surgeries, was majorly affected. We need to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 crisis on ophthalmology trainees during pandemic in India. METHODS A prospective, observational study in which an online questionnaire (on Google forms) was circulated between 9 th September and 15th September 2020 among ophthalmologists in training. RESULTS 260 of the 550 training ophthalmologists who were approached responded. They were given 31 questions to answer. The average age of the respondents was 27.39 ± 1.92 years of which 72.69 % (189 / 260) were females. 68.08 % (177 / 260) of the respondents had been posted on COVID-19 related duties. 76.5 % (198 / 260) of the respondents agreed that the outpatient load had dropped to < 50 patients per day and 100 % (260 / 260) of the respondents stated that there had been a reduction in number of patients posted for elective surgery. As a result, 64.23 % (167 / 260) responded that it had led to a loss of interest in their daily activities. 74.23 % reported different levels of stress, 73.46 % reported anxiety and some 24.23 % even experienced sleep deprivation. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that majority of the training ophthalmologists were affected psychologically during the COVID-19 pandemic to varying degrees which included both groups of training ophthalmologists who did or did not perform any COVID related duties. The study therefore has highlighted the increased need for psychologists to identify and help these individuals who may suffer from severe depression, insomnia and high stress levels and provide the necessary help. KEYWORDS COVID-19, Pandemic, Psychological Impact, Ophthalmology Trainees

scholarly journals Mathematical Model of Benefits and Costs of Coal Mining Environmental

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Restu Juniah ◽  
Rinaldy Dalimi ◽  
M. Suparmoko ◽  
SetyoS Moersidik
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Raw Water ◽  
Mining Sector ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Benefits And Costs

Environmental sustainability is a key issue of the coal mining sector. This is because the impact of damages on activities undertaken in this sector is deemed vulnerable to environmental sustainability. The damage that occurs has an impact on environmental unsustainability. The value of environmental sustainability is set forth in the Government Regulation No. 46 of 2017 on Environmental Economic Instruments. Under this regulation, any activity that has an impact on the environment including the coal mining sector shall assess the damage it causes. The mathematical model of environmental benefits and cost of coal mining discovered by Juniah (2013), is an expansion of the extended mathematical model of the benefits and costs of Munasinghe (1997). This model can be used and implemented to assess environmental losses and determine the value of environmental sustainability of coal mining as intended by the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia. The environmental losses can be minimized by utilizing water void mine as raw water. This model can also be used by government, stakeholders, and mining investors to assess the sustainability of the coal mining environment for the resulting externalities, and the utilization of mine void water as raw water.

scholarly journals Optometry Services in Saudi Arabia

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah Z. Alotaibi
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Quality Of Services ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this research study is to examine the quality of services provided by the Optometrists in the four provinces of Saudi Arabia. Further, recommendations shall be provided for future improvements based on the findings of the study. Two hundred and forty healthcare facilities were examined by conducting a questionnaire-based survey. Among these healthcare facilities, around 210 facilities were administered by private sector. The study hypothesis to be tested is based on evaluating the impact of hospital category on the quality of optometric services provided. The questionnaires were analyzed by the application of Chi-square test and it was observed that the responses of the participants do not vary on the basis of type of hospital, but the quality of services were dependent on the number of visiting patients. This shows that higher number of patients in the government hospitals, as compared to private and military healthcare centers increase the clinical experience of the practitioners and hence could be associated with the quality of care provided. The government and healthcare agencies should collaborate to develop standardized methods for eye-care delivery which are consistent with the guidelines of World Council of Optometry. Moreover, adequate training and awareness should be provided to the healthcare professionals to ensure quality clinical practices.

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