scholarly journals Sociálna marginalizácia v dobe kamennej? K počiatkom sociálnych nerovností a možnostiam ich identifikácie

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18
Author(s):  
Jana Mellnerová Šuteková
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Theoretical Paper

The study is a theoretical paper focused on social differences and inequalities in Europe's Early Prehistory in societies of hunters-gatherers and earliest farmers. According to current knowledge, hunters-gatherers were more egalitarian with mechanisms that eliminate differences. The presence of social inequalities and differences in relation to kin (inheritance), the value of ownership associated with the quality of life at the time of neolithisation were identified at the latest. The aim of the paper is to outline the theoretical basis of research in terms of cultural anthropology and social behavior of the human population, which should lead to the correct identification of marginalized members of society.

Resveratrol: A new potential therapeutic agent for melanoma?

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hossein Pourhanifeh ◽  
Kazem Abbaszadeh-Goudarzi ◽  
Mohammad Goodarzi ◽  
Sara G.M. Piccirillo ◽  
Alimohammad Shafiee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Resistance ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Apoptosis Inducer ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
First Time

: Melanoma is the most life-threatening and aggressive class of skin malignancies. The incidence of melanoma has steadily increased. Metastatic melanoma is greatly resistant to standard anti-melanomatreatments such as chemotherapy, and 5-year survival rate of cases with melanoma who have metastatic form of disease is less than 10%. The contributing role of apoptosis, angiogenesis and autophagy in the pathophysiology of melanoma has been previously demonstrated. Thus, it is extremely urgent to search for complementary therapeutic approachesthat couldenhance the quality of life of subjects and reduce treatment resistance and adverse effects. Resveratrol, known as a polyphenol component present in grapes and some plants, has anti-cancer properties due to its function as an apoptosis inducer in tumor cells, and anti-angiogenic agent to prevent metastasis. However, more clinical trials should be conducted to prove resveratrol efficacy. : Herein, for first time, we summarize current knowledge of anti-cancerous activities of resveratrol in melanoma.

scholarly journals Functional syndromes and symptom-orientated aftercare after esophagectomy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristjan Ukegjini ◽  
Diana Vetter ◽  
Rebecca Fehr ◽  
Valerian Dirr ◽  
Christoph Gubler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Interdisciplinary Cooperation ◽  
Term Therapy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Function ◽  
Postoperative Changes ◽  
Comprehensive Knowledge ◽  
Esophagectomy For Cancer

Abstract Background Surgery is the cornerstone of esophageal cancer treatment but remains burdened with significant postoperative changes of gastrointestinal function and quality of life. Purpose The aim of this narrative review is to assess and summarize the current knowledge on postoperative functional syndromes and quality of life after esophagectomy for cancer, and to provide orientation for the reader in the challenging field of functional aftercare. Conclusions Post-esophagectomy syndromes include various conditions such as dysphagia, reflux, delayed gastric emptying, dumping syndrome, weight loss, and chronic diarrhea. Clinical pictures and individual expressions are highly variable and may be extremely distressing for those affected. Therefore, in addition to a mostly well-coordinated oncological follow-up, we strongly emphasize the need for regular monitoring of physical well-being and gastrointestinal function. The prerequisite for an effective functional aftercare covering the whole spectrum of postoperative syndromes is a comprehensive knowledge of the pathophysiological background. As functional conditions often require a complex diagnostic workup and long-term therapy, close interdisciplinary cooperation with radiologists, gastroenterologists, oncologists, and specialized nutritional counseling is imperative for successful management.

scholarly journals Non-Pharmacologic Interventions for Caregivers of People With Dementia in Latin America: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 275-276
Author(s):  
Jose Aravena ◽  
Jean Gajardo ◽  
Laura Gitlin
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Person With Dementia

Abstract In a scenario of increasing longevity and social inequalities, Latin-America is an important contributor to the worldwide dementia burden. Caregivers’ health is fundamental to maintain the person with dementia quality of life. However, caregiving is a culturally sensible role that requires tailored solutions. The aim is to synthesize the evidence about non-pharmacologic interventions targeted to caregivers of people with dementia in Latin-American contexts. A comprehensive review of interventions in caregivers and persons with dementia in Latin-American countries was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, and Scopus with studies published until January 27th, 2020. Randomized clinical trials of non-pharmacologic interventions targeted to caregivers of people with dementia or dyads where included. Qualitative synthesis of the evidence was presented and analyzed. Overall, 9 pilot RCT were included for the final analysis (6 Brazil, 1 Colombia, 1 Mexico, 1 Perú). The biggest study recruited 69 caregivers and the smallest 13 dyads, with follow-up range of 3-6 months. 5 control groups received at least some other non-standard care type of intervention. 8 were targeted exclusively to caregivers (4 group intervention, 3 individual, and 1 combined) and 1 multicomponent intervention. Most frequent measured outcomes were caregiver’s burden, anxiety, depressive symptoms, and quality of life, and person with dementia neuropsychiatric symptoms. Individual interventions report better results in caregiver parameters such as burden and depressive symptoms and person with dementia neuropsychiatric symptoms. Group interventions presented mixed results. Nevertheless, the quality of evidence was low. There is a critical need to study interventions for caregivers in Latin-American contexts.

scholarly journals Quality of life of patients with lung cancer: A scoping review

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Turano Mota ◽  
Helder Márcio Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Fabiane Silva Pereira ◽  
Maria Aparecida Vieira ◽  
Simone de Melo Costa
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Organization

Abstract Objective: To characterize scientific publications on the quality of life of people with lung cancer in order to explore current knowledge of the subject, with emphasis on assessment instruments and methodological aspects. Method: A scoping type literature review was performed. Articles were sought in the databases of the Virtual Health Library, in an integrative manner, with the descriptors: Quality of life and Lung Neoplasms, with no date of publication or language restrictions (n=138). The selection of articles was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria defined in the study proposal. Results: We included 18 publications published between 2006 and 2017, the majority (n = 10) of which had a cross-sectional design. Eight different instruments were used to evaluate the quality of life of patients with lung cancer, four of which were specific for people with cancer. There was a prevalence of the use of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Care Quality of Life Questionnaire - EORTC QLQ-C30 (n=8). Prospective studies (n=8) assessed quality of life before and after chemotherapy, physical therapy or pulmonary resection. The studies adopted different methodologies and provided conflicting results of quality of life. Cross-sectional studies with comparatively healthy subjects found an inferior quality of life for people with lung cancer. Conclusion: The scoping review contributed to the identification of the multiple evaluated instruments, both generic and specific. It found a lack of homogeneity in the methodological approaches of the studies. Further prospective studies with a specific instrument and methodological standardization to evaluate the quality of life of people with lung cancer are recommended.

scholarly journals Sleep Disorders in Adults with Down Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3012
Author(s):  
Sandra Giménez ◽  
Miren Altuna ◽  
Esther Blessing ◽  
Ricardo M. Osorio ◽  
Juan Fortea
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Sleep Disruption ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Future Directions

Sleep disorders, despite being very frequent in adults with Down syndrome (DS), are often overlooked due to a lack of awareness by families and physicians and the absence of specific clinical sleep guidelines. Untreated sleep disorders have a negative impact on physical and mental health, behavior, and cognitive performance. Growing evidence suggests that sleep disruption may also accelerate the progression to symptomatic Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in this population. It is therefore imperative to have a better understanding of the sleep disorders associated with DS in order to treat them, and in doing so, improve cognition and quality of life, and prevent related comorbidities. This paper reviews the current knowledge of the main sleep disorders in adults with DS, including evaluation and management. It highlights the existing gaps in knowledge and discusses future directions to achieve earlier diagnosis and better treatment of sleep disorders most frequently found in this population.

scholarly journals The roles and mechanisms of hypoxia in liver fibrosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyao Cai ◽  
Min Hu ◽  
Zhiyang Chen ◽  
Zeng Ling
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Liver Fibrosis ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Chronic Liver Injury ◽  
Key Factor

AbstractLiver fibrosis occurs in response to any etiology of chronic liver injury. Lack of appropriate clinical intervention will lead to liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), seriously affecting the quality of life of patients, but the current clinical treatments of liver fibrosis have not been developed yet. Recent studies have shown that hypoxia is a key factor promoting the progression of liver fibrosis. Hypoxia can cause liver fibrosis. Liver fibrosis can, in turn, profoundly further deepen the degree of hypoxia. Therefore, exploring the role of hypoxia in liver fibrosis will help to further understand the process of liver fibrosis, and provide the theoretical basis for its diagnosis and treatment, which is of great significance to avoid further deterioration of liver diseases and protect the life and health of patients. This review highlights the recent advances in cellular and molecular mechanisms of hypoxia in developments of liver fibrosis.

scholarly journals Jornadas Diferenciadas

Plural ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-144
Author(s):  
Angelo Martins Junior
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Networks ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Global South ◽  
Social Differences ◽  
Global North ◽  
Social Markers ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Different Levels

This article question generic homogenising representations of ‘the migrant’ by providing an examination of the multivalent ways in which social differences contours migration processes. Migration scholars often reproduce generic homogenising typologies of ‘migrants’, such as the two opposing migrant analogies ‘from the Global South’ (‘the transnational migrant’, who flows through social networks from the Global South to the developed North, seeking economic gains) and ‘from the Global North’ (‘the lifestyle migrant’, who chooses to migrate from developed countries to places they believe offers them the potential of a better quality of life). Through the examination of the journeys of Brazilians in London, this article draws attention to the connections and contexts of both sending and receiving societies, as well as the diversity existing within the Brazilian population abroad. As is argued within this paper, such an analysis allows for better understanding of how the experiences of Brazilians in London are directly shaped by the intersection of multiple social markers, resulting in what I call ‘differentiated journeys’. Brazilians navigate different levels of constraints and constantly re-formulate their journeys due to their class, gender, nationality and documental status. This allow us to frame migratory experiences beyond generalizing and homogenising representations. The empirical research combines an 18-month ethnography in places of leisure with 33 in-depth interviews with Brazilians in London.

scholarly journals Features of Measuring the Subjective Quality of Life in Different Diagnostic Approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-179
Author(s):  
G.M. Golovina ◽  
T.N. Savchenko
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Personal Growth ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Subjective Quality ◽  
Cognitive Factor ◽  
Subjective Quality Of Life ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches

In this paper, the measurements of the subjective quality of life were correlated in different diagnostic approaches, for which the correspondence of the subjective quality of life was measured by means of the SQL scale methodology (Savchenko, Golovina, 2007) and the SCLL questionnaire (Eksakusto, Zaichenko, 2012). The study of the correlation of concepts and scales of two methods having a common theoretical basis, but a different kind of presentation of the points of the techniques, is carried out. It turned out that the similarly or identically named scales and concepts (values) in the two questionnaires significantly correlated. A comparison of the reconstructed factor structures showed the correspondence between the factors of the SQL and the SQL. Both methods allowed to speak about the factor of “emotional and physical health”, the cognitive factor or the factor of “personal growth” and the factor of “famely”, which indicates the compliance of measuring the subjective quality of life and satisfaction with it in both methods, and accordingly, the possibility of using a compact questionnaire as a valid instrument.

scholarly journals Management of cytotoxic chemotherapy-induced hand-foot syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes J.M. Kwakman ◽  
Yannick S. Elshot ◽  
Cornelis J.A. Punt ◽  
Miriam Koopman
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Pegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Common Skin ◽  
Hand Foot Syndrome ◽  
Dose Reductions

Improvements in systemic cancer treatments have resulted in more patients surviving for prolonged periods of time on treatment. This has made treatment-related toxicity and quality of life concerns increasingly relevant. Hand-foot syndrome (HFS) is a common skin reaction to systemic therapy that should be anticipated with chemotherapeutic treatments such as pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, docetaxel, and fluoropyrimidines. In this review we discuss current knowledge of the diagnosis, incidence, pathogenesis, and management of hand-foot syndrome (HFS). Although HFS is not life threatening, it can cause significant discomfort and impairment of function, especially in elderly patients, and may seriously impact quality of life. The incidence of HFS is dependent on the chemotherapeutic drug used, the treatment schedule, and the median duration of treatment. Effective measures for prevention and treatment of HFS include systemic and topical treatments, dose reductions, and switching to other drugs in the same class that are associated with lower rates of HFS. These approaches allow patients to continue cancer treatment while reducing negative impacts on quality of life. Awareness and early recognition are important to ensure timely treatment and avoidance of dose reductions or treatment discontinuation. We provide useful recommendations to guide the management of HFS in clinical practice.

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