scholarly journals Insecurity Layer, Security Factor: Effects of Refugee Flow and Illegal Immigration on Turkish-Greek Relations

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-271
Author(s):  
Esma Yavuz Kaplanduran
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
The Third ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Soft Security ◽  
Relevant Section

In this study, the factors that affect Turkish-Greek relations have at first been studied within a historical continuum. The effect of the refugee incident between two countries and its effect on shaping the relations has been scrutinized in detail and at the same time positive and negative sides of refugee influx that occurred after the wart hat took place in Syria have been evaluated. The second part deals with efforts put in place to prevent illegal immigrations. Upon this issue, the effect of the taking back deal made between Europe Union and Turkey over Turkish and Greek coastal waters andl imits have been evaluated. Within the relevant section arguments from both countries over illegal immigrants have been seperately dealt with. Finally in the third section, soft security problems such as immigration and their effect on establishing bilateral relations have been studied and also the layer of distrust that underlies the discussion and shapes the result and also the security factors have been added to the literature.  Some results have been concluded about adding refugee and illegal immigration issues to the problems that occur around territorial waters and the limits and their effects on bilateral relations. Finally it has been emphasized that relevant immigration incident is being used as a tool of trust or distrust.

scholarly journals Simulating the Impact of the Internal Structure of Phytoplankton on the Bulk Particulate Backscattering Ratio using a Two-Layered Spherical Geometry for Cells

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucile Duforêt-Gaurier ◽  
David Dessailly ◽  
William Moutier ◽  
Hubert Loisel
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Natural Waters ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Relative Concentration ◽  
Spherical Geometry ◽  
The Third ◽  
Study Case ◽  
Coated Spheres ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Phytoplankton Cells

The bulk backscattering ratio ($\tilde{b_{bp}}$) is commonly used as a descriptor of the bulk real refractive index of the particulate assemblage in natural waters. Based on numerical simulations, we analyze the impact of heterogeneity of phytoplankton cells on $\tilde{b_{bp}}$. $\tilde{b_{bp}}$ is modeled considering viruses, heterotrophic bacteria, phytoplankton, detritus, and minerals. Three study cases are defined according to the relative abundance of these different components. Two study cases represent typical situations in open ocean, outside (No-B/No-M) and inside bloom (B/No-M). The third study case is typical of coastal waters with the presence of minerals. Phytoplankton cells are modeled by a two-layered spherical geometry representing a chloroplast surrounding the cytoplasm. The $\tilde{b_{bp}}$ values are higher when heterogeneity is considered because the contribution of coated spheres to backscattering is higher than homogeneous spheres. The impact of heterogeneity is however strongly conditioned by the hyperbolic slope $\xi$ of the particle size distribution. Even if the relative concentration of phytoplankton is small (<1%), $\tilde{b_{bp}}$ increases by about 60% (for $\xi=4.3$ and for the No-B/No-M water body), when the heterogeneity is taken into account, in comparison with a particulate population only composed by homogeneous spheres. As expected, heterogeneity has a much smaller impact (about 5$\%$ for $\xi=4.3$) on $\tilde{b_{bp}}$ when minerals are added.

scholarly journals Framing Immigration and Illegal Immigration in the 2016 Presidential Campaigns: Comparing Donald Trump and Bernie Sander’s Position

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
JIN YANG
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Presidential Campaign ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
Function Approach ◽  
Immigration Reform ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Tv News ◽  
The U.S

This study compared the U.S. TV news coverage of Donald Trump’s and Bernie Sanders’ talking points on immigration in the 2016 presidential campaign. Utilizing six common frames on immigration in general and adopting framing’s function approach (which consists of definition, causes and solutions aspects of an issue or a topic under discussion) to illegal immigration, the study content analyzed 153 TV news transcripts. Trump's talking points highlighted the claim that immigrants were dangerous because they brought crimes to U.S., and they had to be deported and borders must be secured. Sanders’ talking points emphasized the idea of a nation of immigrants where even illegal immigrants should be entitled to basic human rights, and immigration reform constituted a better solution. The causes for illegal immigration, however, were largely marginalized in the TV news coverage. Keywords: Framing immigration, framing illegal immigration, framing’s function approach, 2016 U.S. presidential campaign, U.S. TV news coverage of election

Developing Attitude Statements toward Illegal Immigration: Transcultural Reliability and Utility

2007 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 901-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reidar Ommundsen ◽  
Kees van der Veer ◽  
Hao Van Le ◽  
Krum Krumov ◽  
Knud S. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Item Analysis ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
State University ◽  
Varimax Rotation ◽  
Two Samples

This is a report on the utility of a scale measuring attitudes toward illegal immigrants in two samples from nations that have more people moving out of the country than moving into the country. The Attitude toward Illegal Immigrants Scale was administered to 219 undergraduates from Sofia University in Bulgaria, and 179 undergraduates from Hanoi State University in Vietnam. Results yielded a scale with no sex differences, and acceptable alpha coefficients. Item analysis identified the most contributory and least contributory items, with considerable overlap in the two samples. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was carried out to examine the structure.

Attitudes toward Illegal Immigration in Scandinavia and United States

1999 ◽  
Vol 84 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1331-1338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reidar Ommundsen ◽  
Knud S. Larsen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
Primary Predictor

531 undergraduate students ( M age = 23.4 yr.) from the universities of Copenhagen, Oslo, and Oregon State participated in a survey on attitudes toward illegal immigrants, radicalism–conservatism, Machiavellianism, and anomie. Also, a scale on relative optimism–pessimism, past, present, and future, was included. The range of coefficients alpha for the Attitudes Toward Illegal Immigration Scale was .92 to .93. Pearson product-moment correlations for the over-all sample were significant for these scores and on radicalism–conservatism, Machiavellianism, and anomie. Correlational and regression analysis identify radicalism–conservatism as a primary predictor. National sample differences are discussed.

scholarly journals ILLEGAL IMMIGRATION IN USA: POLICY AND DEMAND DILEMMA

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmuda Khatun ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Immigration Policies ◽  
Private Interest ◽  
Public And Private

Economic superpower USA receives a large number of illegal immigration each year. The main dilemma is USA needs illegal immigration for continuing activities of the country, but a section of citizen does not share liberal views. They blame that illegal immigrants are curtailing many of their facilities which they used to enjoy. As a result, four major categories of policies have been implemented with anti-immigration sentiments. Interestingly, the policies that have taken to reduce flow of illegal immigration are not meant to stop illegal immigration. This paper tries understands public and private interest dilemma in the context of immigration policies starting from 1790. Moreover, a critical examination of the problem raised a serious question whether US has ever took a serious effort to stop illegal immigration. Do polices playing hide and seek with illegal immigrants?

U.S., China, and Brazil

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Augusto Guilhon-Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Its Region ◽  
China’S Rise ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
China's Rise ◽  
Political Security ◽  
Trade Partners ◽  
The U.S

China and the U.S. are currently the two most important trade partners of Brazil. Brazil is engaged in complex bilateral relations with both countries in political, security, and economic affairs. This chapter is divided into four sections. The first one compares Brazil’s bilateral relations with the U.S. and China by reviewing the developments of their diplomatic relationships in the past decades. The following section discusses how China’s rise may affect U.S. interests in Brazil and its region. The third section analyzes areas in which the competition between the U.S. and China could be positively affected by Brazilian courses of action in foreign policy. Finally, there is an analysis of possible U.S. foreign policy orientations toward Brazil and its region.

China and Myanmar

China Report ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-265
Author(s):  
Raviprasad Narayanan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Reform ◽  
South Asian ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
Bilateral Relationship ◽  
Bilateral Relations ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Asian Context ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Considerations

Three decades of economic reform have led to a comprehensive recasting of China’s geostrategic priorities in its immediate periphery. China’s relations with Myanmar are an instance of a bilateral relationship that has gone from strength to strength in the past two decades following internal political upheavals in the late 1980s that motivated the two countries to reach out to each other following international opprobrium. This article will explain the strategic nature of relations between Myanmar and China in the last decade and attempt to posit this equation in a South Asian context. The structure of the article includes includes four sections—the first section is a brief introduction that captures five decades of relations between Myanmar and China from 1950 to 2000; the second section examines the comprehensive nature of their bilateral relations; the third section analyses mutual perceptions; and the concluding section focuses on the impact China–Myanmar relations has on the South Asian region. There are two central arguments in this research article—the first revolves around the hypothesis that Myanmar–China relations are motivated by geo-strategic and geo-economic considerations. The second argument rests on the premise that there is no ‘client dependency’ in this bilateral relationship and China–Myanmar relations while ‘close’ and ‘friendly’ do have their share of concerns.

Structure of Attitudes toward Illegal Immigration: Development of Cross-National Cumulative Scales

2004 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 897-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kees Van Der Veer ◽  
Reidar Ommundsen ◽  
Knud S. Larsen ◽  
Hao Van Le ◽  
Regina E. Pernice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Procrustes Analysis ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
Scale Analysis ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Mokken Scale Analysis ◽  
Regional Universities ◽  
Acceptable Reliability ◽  
Three Factor ◽  
Cross National

This research examined the possibility of developing Mokken cumulative scales measuring attitudes toward illegal immigrants in a 9-nation sample. A total of 1,407 respondents primarily from national and regional universities participated in the surveys including the 20-item Illegal Immigration Scale. The scales displayed acceptable reliability with coefficients alpha ranging from .79 to .93. A Procrustes analysis yielded coefficients of congruence with the previously established three-factor solution. The amount of variance accounted for varied between 33.1 and 54.7%, supporting the presence of other factors in attitudes toward illegal immigrants. Mokken scale analysis yielded robust and economical scales in two clusters of national samples.

Illegal Immigrants and Domestic Employment

ILR Review ◽  
1984 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 240-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean Baldwin Grossman
Keyword(s):  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Equilibrium Model ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
General Equilibrium Model ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
The Common ◽  
Unskilled Employment

This paper develops and tests a simple general equilibrium model to explore the common allegation that illegal immigrants take jobs away from native-born workers. A simulation of the effect of an increase in illegal immigration shows that the distribution of the immigrants among industries is critical in determining their effect on employment. If two-thirds of the illegal immigrants are employed in the agricultural service sector, for example, an increase in illegal immigration would increase domestic unskilled employment, but if only half are employed in that sector, an increase would lead to a decline in domestic unskilled unemployment.

The Role of Risk Preference in Immigration and Minimum Wage Policies

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 1709-1724
Author(s):  
Yulian Wang ◽  
Hongfei Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Minimum Wage ◽  
Wage Rate ◽  
Illegal Immigration ◽  
Risk Preference ◽  
Illegal Immigrants ◽  
Wage Policy ◽  
Minimum Wage Legislation ◽  
Employment Elasticity ◽  
Enforcement Policies

Abstract This paper examines the effects of two enforcement policies and a minimum wage policy in controlling illegal immigration and improving welfare when capital is immobile. The model highlights the importance of the role of risk preference by considering various attitudes to risk held by illegal immigrants and host firms. It is shown that the effect of internal enforcement on the wage rate in host firms depends on the attitude to risk of illegal immigrants and host firms. It is also shown that the impacts of the minimum wage legislation differ according to risk preference and the degree of labor employment elasticity to the source wage. Moreover, attitude to risk is shown to be important in determining the effectiveness of policies on welfare.

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