scholarly journals Comparison of reproductive organs structure in various genotypes of Phaseolus vulgaris grown under the same conditions in Mersin, Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 91/92 ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
Dilek Tekdal ◽  
Shalima Shawuti Can ◽  
Aslı Küçükrecep
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Success Factors ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Pollen Viability ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Fertilization Success ◽  
Grain Legumes ◽  
Human Consumption

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is a plant having hermaphroditic flowers, which are self-fertilizing. Common bean is a important commercial crop and one of Turkey’s most valuable grain legumes for human consumption. Genetic variation exists within and between bean populations. These variations can have an impact on the plants morphology, including reproductive organs. Variations in size and length of reproductive organs may cause different cell numbers and various fertilization successes. In this study, the response of four determinate common bean genotypes (Akman, Bitlis 117, Göksun, and Karacaşehir) to reproductive organ structure was studied. Plants were grown at 21/16 °C (day/night) and 12 h photoperiod in a greenhouse in Mersin, Turkey. Besides focusing mainly on pollen development, fertilization success factors such as pod and seed set were also assessed. Pod and seed set were evaluated numerically for each genotype. For pollen morphology, flower buds of the equal growth stage of all four bean genotypes were collected, and these samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The species have distinct morphological characteristics concerning pollen size, ornamentation patterns of the exine, and endoaperture type. It is also crucial to examine pollen dispersion in the pollinated flowers, as it may influence reproductive success. However, pollen wall architecture was similar in all genotypes tested. Despite general morphological similarity, differences in pollen viability and pod and seed number were observed. Although Akman genotype had the largest flowers, the Karacaşehir genotype was found to be the most productive one. The findings presented here can be helpful for researchers studying bean breeding and those investigating the morphological variation in different Phaseolus genotypes.

scholarly journals Genetic Correlation Between Fe and Zn Biofortification and Yield Components in a Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Diaz ◽  
Jose Polania ◽  
Daniel Ariza-Suarez ◽  
Cesar Cajiao ◽  
Miguel Grajales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Phenotypic Correlation ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
New Cultivars ◽  
Pod Harvest Index

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important legume for direct human consumption worldwide. It is a rich and relatively inexpensive source of proteins and micronutrients, especially iron and zinc. Bean is a target for biofortification to develop new cultivars with high Fe/Zn levels that help to ameliorate malnutrition mainly in developing countries. A strong negative phenotypic correlation between Fe/Zn concentration and yield is usually reported, posing a significant challenge for breeders. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic relationship between Fe/Zn. We used Quantitative Trait Loci (QTLs) mapping and Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) analysis in three bi-parental populations that included biofortified parents, identifying genomic regions associated with yield and micromineral accumulation. Significant negative correlations were observed between agronomic traits (pod harvest index, PHI; pod number, PdN; seed number, SdN; 100 seed weight, 100SdW; and seed per pod, Sd/Pd) and micronutrient concentration traits (SdFe and SdZn), especially between pod harvest index (PHI) and SdFe and SdZn. PHI presented a higher correlation with SdN than PdN. Seventy-nine QTLs were identified for the three populations: 14 for SdFe, 12 for SdZn, 13 for PHI, 11 for SdN, 14 for PdN, 6 for 100SdW, and 9 for Sd/Pd. Twenty-three hotspot regions were identified in which several QTLs were co-located, of which 13 hotpots displayed QTL of opposite effect for yield components and Fe/Zn accumulation. In contrast, eight QTLs for SdFe and six QTLs for SdZn were observed that segregated independently of QTL of yield components. The selection of these QTLs will enable enhanced levels of Fe/Zn and will not affect the yield performance of new cultivars focused on biofortification.

scholarly journals Phenology and biomass distribution pattern in two varieties of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2019 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
Cecilia Neri-Luna ◽  
Luis Villarreal-Ruiz ◽  
Francisco Martín Huerta-Martínez ◽  
Alejandro Muñoz-Urias
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Biomass Distribution ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
Bean Crop

In Mexico, bean crop is one of the most important agricultural resources to provide food also for its economic value as product. However, there is a lack of research related with Phaseolus vulgaris varieties, specifically for plants cultivated for human consumption as common bean pods. It was characterized the main phenological events and the biomass distribution in two different varieties “Black Valentine” (BV, green pod) y “Black Wax” (BW, yellow pod) of common bean. For each variety it was chosen 4 plants and every 10 days after planting (DAP) from each organ emerged the fresh and dry weight and the leaf area were recorded. Then, at 7, 14 , 21 , 28 and 35 days after anthesis (DAA) the growth, fresh and dry weight and nitrogen content were evaluated from pods (n=10) of each variety of common bean. During the first 30 DAP the dry weight accumulation in both varieties was correlated with leaf area. The beginning of flowering and fruit growth was an important factor in the source-sink relationship. Differences were not noted in the final fresh and dry weight of the pods between “BV” and “BW” varieties.

scholarly journals Physiological and morphological characteristics of Phaseolus vulgaris L. grown in soil with picloram residues

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Henrique Rosa Franco ◽  
Vinícius Teixeira Lemos ◽  
André Cabral França ◽  
Nykolas Carvalho Schiavon ◽  
Marco Túlio Gomes Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Biological Indicator ◽  
Bean Plants ◽  
Relative Electron ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Common Bean Plants

ABSTRACT The long lasting residual effect of some auxin herbicides depends on soil characteristics and may cause phytotoxicity on subsequent crops. Picloram is one of the main herbicides used in pastures, presenting a long lasting residual effect in the soil. This study aimed at determining the physiological and morphological characteristics of common bean plants grown in soil contaminated with picloram, under greenhouse conditions. A complete randomized blocks design, with treatments consisting of picloram doses (0 g ha-1, 7.5 g ha-1, 15 g ha-1, 30 g ha-1, 60 g ha-1 and 120 g ha-1 a.i.), with five replications, was used. Urochloa brizantha was sown in pots, and its height and shoot fresh and dry matter were evaluated. In the same pots, Phaseolus vulgaris was sown as a bio-indicator of picloram, and the following characteristics were measured: plant height, fresh and dry matter, phytotoxicity, leaf area, number of leaves per plant, maximum photosynthetic efficiency and relative electron transport rate. The phytoremediation process occurs in soil with picloram residues (up to 30 g ha-1) when covered by U. brizantha for 150 days. The common bean plants show a good potential as biological indicator of the presence of picloram residues in the soil.

scholarly journals Diversification and genetic structure of the western-to-eastern progression of European Phaseolus vulgaris L. germplasm

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Pipan ◽  
Vladimir Meglič
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Southern Europe ◽  
Molecular Variability ◽  
Geographic Origins

Abstract Background Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important food legume for direct human consumption around the world, as it represents a valuable source of components with nutritional and health benefits. Results We conducted a study to define and explain the genetic relatedness and diversification level of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) germplasm from Portugal to Ukraine, along a western-to-eastern line of southern European countries, including Poland. This was based on the P. vulgaris genetic structure, and was designed to better describe its distribution and domestication pathways in Europe. Using the multi-crop passport descriptors that include geographic origin and different phaseolin types (corresponding to the Mesoamerican and Andean gene pools), 782 accessions were obtained from nine gene banks and 12 geographic origins. We selected 33 genome/ gene-related/ gene-pool-related nuclear simple sequence repeat markers that covered the genetic diversity across the P. vulgaris genome. The overall polymorphic information content was 0.800. Without specifying geographic origin, global structure cluster analysis generated 10 genetic clusters. Among the PvSHP1 markers, the most informative for gene pool assignment of the European P. vulgaris germplasm was PvSHP1-B. Results of AMOVA show that 89% of the molecular variability is shared within the 782 accessions, with 4% molecular variability among the different geographic origins along this western-to-eastern line of southern Europe (including Poland). Conclusions This study shows that the diversification line of the European P. vulgaris germplasm followed from the western areas of southern Europe (Portugal, Spain, Italy, Slovenia) to the more eastern areas of southern Europe. This progression defines three geographically separated subgroups, as the northern (Poland, Ukraine, Romania), southern (Albania, Bulgaria), and central (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Hungary) areas of eastern Europe.

scholarly journals Differences in growth and productivity between genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) in the Sadovo region of Bulgaria

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59
Author(s):  
Tsvetelina Stoilova ◽  
Malgozhata Berova
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Plant Size ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cowpea Seeds ◽  
Stable Yield ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Differences in growth and productivity between genotypes of common bean (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) and cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL.) in the Sadovo region of BulgariaThe study examined the differences between 10 accessions of common bean and cowpea during the vegetation period. Different stages of development and elements of yield were analysed in the climatic conditions of Sadovo (Bulgaria), which is characterised by hot summers and insufficient rainfalls. All genotypes were planted in the second 10 days of April. They emerged 10-15 days after sowing. The flowering stage occurred after 28-34 days in common bean and 45-60 days in cowpea. The vegetation period duration was much longer in cowpea (over 98 days) than in the common bean (less then 80 days). The reproductive organs (number of pods and seeds per plant, size of pods and seeds, weight of pods and seeds per plant) were quite different for the two crops. The mean number of pods per plant was 8.84 in common beans and 13.22 for cowpea; the number of seeds per pod was 4.05 for beans 10.56 for cowpea; the number of seeds per plant was 25.65 for beans and 93.47 for cowpea. The bean seeds were larger than the cowpea seeds, with 100-seed weights of 41.86 g and 15.73 g, respectively. Under the climatic conditions of Sadovo, the cowpea accessions showed a more stable yield, resulting in more pods and seeds per plant and weight of seeds per plant, when compared with common bean accessions.

Identification of candidate phosphorus stress induced genes in Phaseolus vulgaris through clustering analysis across several plant species

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 789 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle A. Graham ◽  
Mario Ramírez ◽  
Oswaldo Valdés-López ◽  
Miguel Lara ◽  
Mesfin Tesfaye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Bean Yield ◽  
Related Stress ◽  
Signal Transduction Genes

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the world’s most important grain legume for direct human consumption. However, the soils in which common bean predominate are frequently limited by the availability of phosphorus (P). Improving bean yield and quality requires an understanding of the genes controlling P acquisition and use, ultimately utilising these genes for crop improvement. Here we report an in silico approach for the identification of genes involved in adaptation of P. vulgaris and other legumes to P-deficiency. Some 22 groups of genes from four legume species and Arabidopsis thaliana, encoding diverse functions, were identified as statistically over-represented in EST contigs from P-stressed tissues. By combining bioinformatics analysis with available micro / macroarray technologies and clustering results across five species, we identified 52 P. vulgaris candidate genes belonging to 19 categories as induced by P-stress response. Transport-related, stress (defence and regulation) signal transduction genes are abundantly represented. Manipulating these genes through traditional breeding methodologies and / or biotechnology approaches may allow us to improve crop P-nutrition.

scholarly journals An Induced Mutation for Genie Male Sterility in Common Bean

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1026-1027
Author(s):  
Mark J. Bassett ◽  
Mathias J. Silbernagel
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Male Sterility ◽  
Seed Set ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Single Recessive Gene ◽  
Insect Pollination ◽  
The Common

Dry seed of the common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) breeding line S-593 was treated with 200 Gy of gamma radiation, and M2 seed was produced. The seed was planted at Prosser, Wash., and selection was made for plants with greatly reduced seed set. The inheritance of one of the selections for possible male sterility mutation was studied in F2, F3, and backcross generations. This character is controlled by a single recessive gene, for which the symbol ms-1 is proposed. Plants carrying ms-l/ms-1 produce well-filled pods after manual pollination with pollen from normal plants, but produce no seed when protected from insect pollination in greenhouse and field environments. Uses for this mutant are discussed.

scholarly journals Coefficient Analysis and Association between Morpho-Agronomical Characters in Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)

2015 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Akhshi ◽  
F. Nazarian Firouzabadi ◽  
K. Cheghamirza ◽  
H.R. Dorri
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Yield Prediction ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L

AbstractPulses are important food sources for human consumption. In an attempt to study the associations between common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) morpho-agronomical traits, twelve genotypes and inbred lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in 2010-2011 crop season. Seed yield and 20 other morpho-agronomic characters were recorded. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed a significant (p ≤ 0.01) difference among genotypes with respect to almost all traits. Correlation analysis demonstrated that seed yield had a strong positive correlation with both seed number per plant and seed number per pod, suggesting the usefulness of these traits in common bean breeding programs. Step-wise regression analysis pointed out that the pod weight, seed number per pod and 100 seed weight contributed to the seed yield prediction, whereas other traits did not contributed to the seed yield prediction. These traits explained almost 99% of total seed yield variations. Path analysis showed that the maximum direct and positive effect was related to pod weight. Furthermore, factor analysis revealed that four factors, explained almost 71% of the total variance. The results of this research showed that biologic yield, pod weight, straw weight, number of pod per plant and seed number per plant were the most closely related traits to the seed yield.

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